Manifest Destiny

Religion and Philosophy

• Religious change– Mormon Church (1830)– Church of Latter Day Saints– Joseph Smith– Brigham Young

Brigham Young

Founder:

-Salt Lake City

-University

-Leader of LDS

“Balance of Power”

• 11 Free/11 Slave States– South desired slavery in new states– Feared losing balance and a constitutional

amendment outlawing slavery

The Missouri Compromise (1820)

• 2 states enter the union– Maine (Free State) and Missouri (Slave State)– Maintains Balance of Power– No new slave states above Missouri’s southern

border

Sectional Differences Emerge

•Missouri Territory applies for statehood•Why is this a problem?•There are an equal number of slave/free states, Missouri would tip the balance•Henry Clay – Missouri Compromise (1820)•Missouri = slave•Maine = free (split from Massachusetts)•36-30 line: north= free, south = slave

Missouri Compromise

Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser”

Manifest Destiny

• Belief that America should expand to the West– WHY?

• “Sea to shining sea”• Slavery could expand• Space for immigrants• New Markets• Cheap land

Other Reasons for Westward Expansion:•Escape religious persecution•Find new markets for trade•Claim land for farming, ranching, and mining•Locate Pacific harbors•Spread American culture and ideals

John O’ Sullivan

“…(it is) our manifest destiny to overspread the

continent allotted by Providence for the free

development of our yearly multiplying

millions”

The Great Migration of 1843 (“Wagon Train of 1843”)

Oregon Trail

“The Oregon Trail”

• Up to 1000 settlers (1843)– By 1891 more than 400,000 will make the

journey– 15,000 die (1842-1891)– Journey took 4-6 months or longer– 2000 miles in distance (St. Louis to Oregon

Country)

The “Gold Rush”

• Gold is discovered in the California territory

• 49ers

• The California Gold Rush

• What was it?• Mass migration to California

after the discovery of gold in 1848

• Who was involved?• “49ers” = Gold Rush miners

• Where did they come from?• Across the US & other Pacific Rim nations (South

America, China)

• The California Gold Rush - Effects

• Conditions of the camps• Crowded, poor sanitation, violence

• Population boom of…• San Francisco

• Groups facing discrimination

• Indians, Chinese, & Mexicans; taxed, terrorized

• The California Gold Rush - Effects

• ____________ applies for statehood…• California

• Increases the debate over…

• Slavery• 15 free states, 15 slave

• Would later lead to the…

• Civil War