MANIFEST DESTINY

Manifest Destiny Belief that it was inevitable and ordained

by God that the U.S. would expand to the Pacific Ocean

Westward Expansion Oregon Who Went?

Looking for good cheap land

New Start because of economic problems

How they got there Wagons Walked

Westward Expansion Utah Who went?

Mormons Escape Religious Persecution

How they got there Wagons Handcarts Walked

The Oregon Trail

Westward Expansion Texas

Mexican Independence 1821 Encouraged Americans to settle

$.12 acre Wanted flow of manufactured goods Help protect area from Indian attacks

Stephen F. Austin Given land grant to establish colony “No drunkards, gamblers, profane swearers or

idlers would be allowed.”

Texan Independence

Texan Independence Causes

Mexican politics unstable Cultural differences

Catholic vs. ProtestantSpanish vs. EnglishSlavery Abolished 1821 vs. Southern

Slave Owners

Texan Independence Santa Ana

Imprisoned Austin for inciting Revolution Suspended local government in Texas 1835 Austin returned

War was only option Mexican troops sent to enforce Mexican law

The Alamo- Feb. 23, 1836 Spanish Mission used as Fort Believed Controlling Fort would stop Mexicans Texans trapped and slaughtered

Texan Independence Sam Houston

Commander of Texan troops Surprise attack on Mexican troops Killed 630 Mexicans in 18 minutes “Remember the Alamo” Captured Santa Ana Made him sign Treaty of Velasco

Independence for Texas Republic of Texas- 1836

Houston elected President

War with Mexico James K. Polk- 11th President

1845 annexed Texas Believed War could add CA and NM

Border Wars Texans

Border was the Rio Grande Mexicans

Border was Nuecos River 150m. NE of Rio Grande Polk tried secret negotiations to buy CA and fix

border dispute Mexicans wouldn’t even talk J.C. Fremont led military exploration into CA Mexicans entered disputed territory Polk asked for War, Congress Approved

War With Mexico New Mexico 1846

Mexican troops joined U.S. troops No shots fired

California 1846 Settlers seized Sonoma Declared Independence Joined by NM troops Mexican troops gave in quickly

Mexico 1847 Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott

One year of fighting Mexicans conceded defeat

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Provisions

Rio Grande border $15 million for CA and NM 1853 Gadsen Purchase

$10 million for southern RR route Current Borders of US created

California Gold Rush Sutters Mill Jan. 24, 1848

Gold found By 1849 population over 100,000

From U.S. and World San Francisco became supply center

for world markets