Manual Vertex 70vs

User Manual

1007253

VERTEX 70v

1st edition 2007, publication date November 2007

© 2007 BRUKER OPTIK GmbH, Rudolf Plank Str. 27, D-76275 Ettlingen, www.brukeroptics.com

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans including printing, photocopying, microfilm, electronic systems etc. without our prior written per-mission. Brand names, registered trademarks etc. used in this manual, even if not explicitly marked assuch, are not to be considered unprotected by trademarks law. They are the property of their respectiveowner.

The following publication has been worked out with utmost care. However, Bruker Optik GmbH doesnot accept any liability for the correctness of the information. Bruker Optik GmbH reserves the right tomake changes to the products described in this manual without notice.

This manual is the original documentation for the VERTEX 70v spectrometer.

VERTEX 70v User Manual iii

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Warning Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Delivery Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Site Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Connecting VERTEX 70v to the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Connecting VERTEX 70v to a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Connecting VERTEX 70v to the Vacuum Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Connecting VERTEX 70v to the Purge Gas Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19External Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Internal Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Optical Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Switching VERTEX 70v On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31QuickLock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Automatic Accessory Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Performing a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Evacuating and Venting the Spectrometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Optimizing the Vacuum Operation of the Spectrometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Purging the Spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Exchanging the Beamsplitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Exchanging the Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Cooling an MCT Detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6 Maintenance and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Evacuating the MCT Detector Dewar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Replacing the Laser Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Replacing a defective IR Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Replacing the Fuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

iv VERTEX 70v User Manual

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n ts

Replacing the Sample Compartment Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Cleaning the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Maintaining the Vacuum Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

7 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Diagnostic Means. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Problem - Possible Cause - Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

B Consumable Spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

C Default Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

D Dimensional Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

E Connecting VERTEX 70v to PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Possible Connection Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Selecting Network Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Assigning Network Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Checking the Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

F Electronics and Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Electronics Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Power Supply Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

G Firmware Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Updating the Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Restoring a previous Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Backing up the current Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

H Sample Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Sample Preparation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

I Service Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

VERTEX 70v User Manual 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S A F E T Y 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

Read the following safety instructions carefully before putting the spectrometer intooperation. Keep this manual in a suitable place for future reference.

Always observe the instructions described in this manual to ensure user safety and toavoid property damage. Improper use or failure to follow these safety instructions canresult in serious injuries and/or property damage. Any non-observance of the precau-tions will infringe the intended use (i.e. performing spectroscopic measurements) of thespectrometer. In this case Bruker Optik GmbH will not assume any liability.

It is the operator’s duty to plan and implement all necessary safety measures and tosupervise their observance. Moreover, the operator must ensure that the spectrometeris in proper functioning condition. A safe and faultless operation can only be guaranteedif the spectrometer is transported, stored, installed, operated and maintained properlyaccording to the procedures described in this manual.

Never remove or deactivate any supporting safety systems during spectrometer opera-tion. Ensure that objects and/or material not required for the measurement is out of thespectrometer operating area.

The spectrometer complies with the IEC/EN 61010-1 safety regulations.

Protect ive Ear th ingTo avoid personal injuries and/or property damage caused by electrical power, thespectrometer is equipped with a safety plug. Connect this plug only to a socket outletwith earthing contact. Make sure that the socket complies with IEC (International Elec-trotechnical Commission).

Qual i f ied PersonnelPrimary installation and all maintenance and repair works not described in this manualshould only be performed by Bruker service personnel. Only authorized operating per-sonnel that have been briefed about the spectrometer operation and all relevant safetyaspects should operate and maintain (i.e. only maintenance works that are described inthis manual) the spectrometer.

All repairs, adjustments and alignments on any spectrometer component must be per-formed in accordance with the safety regulations and standards applied in the country inwhich the instrument is installed.

2 VERTEX 70v User Manual

1 S A F E T YWarning Labels

Correct UsageThe spectrometer and its components should only be used according to the instructionsdescribed in the manual or advised by a Bruker engineer. In case of accessories orcomponents made by other manufacturers and used in connection with the spectrome-ter, Bruker does not assume any liability for safe operation and proper functioning.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .W A R N I N G L A B E L S

When operating the spectrometer you have to observe a number of safety instructionswhich are highlighted by various warning labels. This section describes the warninglabels and explains their meaning. All warning labels on the spectrometer must alwaysbe kept legible. Immediately replace a worn or damaged label.

The following warning labels indicate different dangerous situations which may becaused by improper use of the spectrometer.

Caut ion - Genera l HazardThis warning symbol indicates general hazard. Observe the safetyinstructions and follow the precautions described to avoid personal injuryand/or property damage.

Caut ion - E lect r ica l Shock This warning symbol indicates electrical hazard. The symbol is located nearlive parts or on enclosures behind which are live parts that represent anaccidental contact hazard. Never touch these parts. Before removing thecorresponding compartment covers and beginning any maintenance orrepair work, first turn off the mains switch and unplug the main power cable.Ensure that all live parts do not come into contact with a conductive sub-stance or liquid. Non-observance of these safety instructions can causesevere personal injury and/or property damage.

Caut ion - Hot Sur faceThis warning symbol indicates components and surfaces which canbecome very hot during spectrometer operation. Do not touch these com-ponents and surfaces. Risk of skin burn! Be careful when operating nearhot components and/or surfaces.

Caut ion - Laser Radia t ion This warning symbol indicates the existence of laser radiation. Never lookdirectly into the laser beam or use any kind of optical instruments to do so.Otherwise permanent eye damage can be the result.


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. .S A F E T YWarning Labels

Besides the dangers described above, there can also be hazardous situations causedby the sample material. Depending on the type of hazardous substances you work with,you have to observe specific substance-relevant safety instructions. Put on the corre-sponding warning label on the appropriate spectrometer position. The label must belegible and permanently discernible. The following list contains some examples of haz-ardous substances:

Caut ion - Frostb i teThis warning symbol indicates cryogenic materials (e.g. liquid nitrogen)required to operate the spectrometer (e.g. cooling detector). Skin contactwith these liquids or cooled components causes severe frostbite. Alwayshandle the liquids with utmost care. Observe the safety instructions forhandling of cryogenic liquids.

Caut ion - Harmful Mater ia lThis warning symbol indicates the existence of harmful or irritant material(e.g. the window material BaF2). Observe the safety instructions on thepackaging, and the safety data sheets attached. Non-observance maycause personal injury.

Caut ion - Tox ic Mater ia lThis warning symbol indicates the existence of toxic material (e.g. the win-dow material KRS-5). Observe the safety instructions on the packaging,and the safety data sheets attached. Non-observance may cause severepersonal injury or even death.

Caut ion - In fect ious Mater ia lThis warning symbol indicates the possible presence of bio-hazardous andinfectious material. When working with this kind of material always, observethe prevailing laboratory safety regulations and take all necessary precau-tions and disinfection measures (e.g. wearing protective clothing, masks,gloves etc.). Failure to do so may cause severe personal injury or evendeath. (For information on how to use, dilute and efficiently apply disinfec-tants, refer to the Laboratory Biosafety Manual: 1993 by WHO - WorldHealth Organization.)

Caut ion - Radioact ive Mater ia lThis warning symbol indicates the possible presence of radioactivity. Whenworking with radioactive material, always observe the safety regulationsand take all necessary protective measures (e.g. wearing protective cloth-ing, masks gloves etc.). Failure to do so may cause severe personal injuryor even death.


1 S A F E T YSafety Instructions

Waste DisposalDispose all waste produced (chemicals, infectious and radioactively contaminated sub-stances etc.) according to the prevailing laboratory regulations. Detergents and clean-ing agents must be disposed according to the local waste regulations.

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The following chapters describe all relevant safety aspects of the spectrometer opera-tion. Depending on the degree of hazard the safety instructions are classified as fol-lows:

Danger indicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial property damageWILL result if proper precautions are not taken.

Warning indicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial property damageCAN result if proper precautions are not taken.

Caution indicates that minor personal injury or property damage CAN result if properprecautions are not taken.

Note draws your attention to particularly important information on the product,e.g. product operation or to a special part of the manual.

The safety instructions Danger, Warning and Caution stand out by the correspondingwarning labels.

Caut ion - Corros ive SubstanceThis warning symbol indicates the possible presence of corrosive sub-stances. When working with corrosive substances, always observe the lab-oratory safety regulations and take protective measures (e.g. wearingprotective masks and gloves). Failure to do so may cause severe personalinjury or even death.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L 2

VERTEX 70v is an evacuable, fully digital FT-IR spectrometer for demanding R&Dapplications. The spectrometer is equipped with a number of features such as AAR(Automatic Accessory Recognition) ACR (Automatic Component Recognition) and Per-formanceGuard that facilitate performing spectroscopic measurements and ensure reli-able measurement results. The function AAR identifies automatically the accessoryinstalled in the sample compartment, performs several tests and loads automatically thecorresponding experiment file including the pre-defined measurement parameters. Thefeature ACR recognizes automatically the currently installed optical components likesource, detector and beamsplitter. These components are electronically coded so thatthe spectrometer firmware can recognize them. This information is passed on to theapplication software OPUS. The purpose of ACR is to enable the user to select the rightoptics parameters in OPUS. In addition, the spectrometer components are monitoredpermanently to ensure that they operate within the specification range. This feature iscalled Performance Guard. Its purpose is to facilitate fault diagnostics and maintenance.

The data acquisition is based on a free running delta-sigma, dual-channel A/D converterwith 24-bit dynamic range. The A/D converter is integrated into the detector preamplifierelectronics. The DigiTect technology ensures a signal transmission free from interfer-ences and guarantees the highest signal-to-noise ratio.

VERTEX 70v can be controlled by any data system (PC workstation, notebook etc.) onwhich the operating system Microsoft Windows and the spectroscopic software OPUS isinstalled. The Ethernet connection provides the possibility to control the spectrometeralso via your intranet or the internet.

The standard spectrometer configuration is designed for data acquisition in the mid IRregion. Optionally, VERTEX 70v can be equipped with additional optical components tocover the whole spectral range - starting in the far infrared or THz region at 10cm-1 up tothe ultraviolet region at 28,000cm-1. Due to the pre-aligned optical components and thepermanently aligned RockSolid interferometer, the spectral range can be changed eas-ily. If you work with the advanced spectrometer configuration (i.e. two detector positionsand two source positions are available inside the spectrometer) you can select themusing the software. Removable vacuum-tight covers provide access to the detector andbeamsplitter if you want to exchange these components.

VERTEX 70v has five IR-beam outlet ports (on the right, front and left side) and two IR-beam inlet ports (on the right and rear side) allowing the connection of a multitude ofoptional accessories and/or components like:

• TGA-coupling• PMA 50 (Polarization Modulation Accessory for VCD and PM-IRRAS)• HYPERION 1000/2000 IR microscope and HYPERION 3000 imaging

microscope with FPA detector (Focal Plane Array detector system) • IMAC module (Imaging Accessory with FPA detector)


2 G E N E R A L

• External sample compartment (XSA)• HTS-XT module (High Throughput Screening Extension)• Fiber optic coupling module with MIR or NIR fiber probes for solid and

liquid samples• FT Raman module (e.g. RAM II)• FIR bolometer • External, water-cooled sources

There is also the possibility to connect several accessories simultaneously (e.g. awater-cooled Hg-arc source at the rear side, the RAM II FT-Raman module at the rightside, a fibre optics coupling at the right front side, the HYPERION IR microscope at theleft side and a bolometer detector at the front side).

Diagnostic routines help to maintain optimum instrument status and performance. Theinternal validation unit (IUV) is located inside the spectrometer. It contains standards(test samples) used for the validation and testing of the instrument.

Note: Depending on the spectrometer configuration you have ordered, your spectrometer may not include all options that are described in this manual.

The evacuable VERTEX 70v spectrometer allows measurements under vacuum condi-tions, i.e. unwanted atmospheric interferents (e.g. water vapor or carbon dioxide) areeliminated nearly completely from the spectrometer interior. Evacuating the spectrome-ter is more efficient than purging it or using desiccant cartridges. The result of an opti-mal measurement under vacuum conditions is an IR spectrum in which no H2O or CO2absorptions mask weak spectral features of the sample.

The spectrometer design enables a separate evacuation of the spectrometer compart-ments, i.e. either the complete spectrometer interior (sample compartment plus the opti-cal bench) or only the optical bench can be evacuated. Vacuum shutters (so calledflaps), which can be equipped with optical or IR windows, allow a ventilation of only thesample compartment in order to preserve the vacuum in the rest of the optics compart-ment during a sample exchange or an accessory installation. Evacuating and ventingthe sample compartment and/or optics are computer-controlled. Moreover, the spec-trometer is equipped with two pressure sensors providing for the display of the currentpressure inside the spectrometer optics and/or sample compartment.

VERTEX 70v is supplied with an efficient vacuum pump that can evacuate the spec-trometer optics within a few minutes. The oil-free vacuum pump prevents the spectrom-eter optics from being contaminated by hydrocarbons.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I N S T A L L A T I O N 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

Unpacking and initial installation of VERTEX 70v is done by Bruker service engineers.The operating company has to provide an installation site that meets the site require-ments described in this chapter. (See also the technical document Installation Require-ments for VERTEX 70v provided by Bruker Optik GmbH in advance.)

This chapter contains a list of the standard as well as the optional spectrometer compo-nents and describes the procedures for connecting the spectrometer:

• to the power supply, • to a PC, • to the vacuum pump and• to the purge gas supply line, if necessary.

For detailed information about how to install the computer, refer to the PC manual.

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The basic instrument of VERTEX 70v allows upgrading with additional components and/or accessories. The delivery scope depends on the spectrometer configuration youhave ordered.

Standard ComponentsThe basic instrument includes the following items:

• VERTEX 70v spectrometer (including the user manual)• Power cord• PC compatible data system (if desired, the PC can also be provided by the

customer)• Data cable (Cat5, crossover cable for 10Base-T Ethernet standard)• Purge gas hose (OD: 6mm, length: approx. 5m)• Tool kit (slot-head screw driver, cross-head screwdriver and hex keys of several

sizes, sample preparation tools, 3x spare fuses, IR sensor card, metallic cap shown in fig. 28)

• Software package OPUS/IR (including the OPUS Reference Manual)


3 I N S T A L L A T I O NDelivery Scope

For installing the vacuum pump, the following items are included:

• Vacuum pump (including the user manual)• Noise reduction hood• Vibration absorber• 2x flexible metal hoses• 4x hose clamps• 4x sealing rings

Opt iona l ComponentsDepending on the ordered spectrometer configuration, the delivery scope can alsoinclude following optional components:

• Optional spectrometer components (e.g. optional detectors) and/or accessories• Optional OPUS software packages (e.g OPUS/STEP) including the corresponding

manuals

Inspect ing the PackagingAfter the receipt of the spectrometer, inspect the packaging for damages. If there areany signs of damage, contact your local shipping representative before opening theshipping box.

Warning: Do not put a spectrometer into operation that shows signs of damage. Failure to do so may result in severe personal injuries and/or property damage.

Transpor ta t ionDue to its weight (about 105kg), VERTEX 70v has to be carried by at least four personsusing the supplied transport handles. For transportation purposes, attach these handlesproperly to the right and left spectrometer side as shown in figure 1 using 12 screws(M5 x 16). Tighten the screws using a hex kex (size 4mm). After having transported theinstrument to the desired place, you can remove the transport handles again. Alterna-tively, you can transport the instrument with a fork lifter.

Warning: Due to the high instrument weight, improper transportation can lead to personal injuries and/or spectrometer damage.


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. .I N S T A L L A T I O NSite Requirements

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Space Requi rementsThe spectrometer dimensions are 85cm (w) x 71cm (d) x 32cm (h). (For exact spec-trometer dimensions refer to appendix D.) At the rear side, the spectrometer requires aclearance of at least 25cm (10“). The spectrometer should be placed on a stable andhorizontal base. Note that the basic instrument has a weight of about 105kg.

When preparing the installation location for the spectrometer, take into considerationthat the mains power supply connection is easily accessible at any time. The mainspower supply can be interrupted, for example, either by disconnecting the safety plug orswitching off the mains switch on the spectrometer rear side or disconnecting the pri-mary power receptacle.

Envi ronmenta l Requi rementsTo ensure optimum spectrometer performance and long-term reliability the followingenvironmental conditions are essential:

Temperature Range: 18 - 35 °C (64 - 95 °F)

In case the vacuum pump is operated with installed noise reduction hood ensure theambient temperature does not exceed 32°C (90°F).

Humidity (non-condensing): 80% (relative humidity)

Temperature variations can impair the results of long-term measurements. Therefore,the temperature variations should be less than 1°C per hour and should not exceed 2°Cper day for this type of measurement.

Figure 1: Installing the Transport Handles

TransportHandles

≤


3 I N S T A L L A T I O NSite Requirements

Vibrat ionIdeally, the spectrometer should not be installed near vibration sources (e.g. ventilationhoods, air conditioners, motors, elevator etc.) or in rooms with intense floor vibration.

Power SupplyThe spectrometer power supply unit automatically adapts to the most common powersources.

Valid voltage range: 100 V AC to 240 V AC

Valid frequency range: 50 to 60 Hz

VERTEX 70v is an instrument of the protection class I.

Caution: To avoid personal injury and spectrometer damage, connect the spectrometer only to a socket outlet with earthing contact.

To provide for good data quality and a long spectrometer service life, ensure that the fol-lowing site requirements are met:

• Do not install the spectrometer near sources of potential inductive electrical interference (e.g. pumps, switching motors, microwave ovens etc.), sources of high energy pulses, and sources that might cause magnetic or radio frequency interference.

• Do not place devices such as large electric motors, heaters, welding equipment, radio transmitting equipment, units emitting pulsed NMRs, or high powered lasers in close vicinity to the spectrometer. These devices can interfere with the spectrometer and cause spectrometer malfunction. Ensure that these types of devices are not connected to the same electrical circuit as the spectrometer.

• If a reliable mains power supply is a problem at your site (caused by brownouts, power surges, frequent thunderstorms, for example), take precautions to ensure an uninterruptible power supply.


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. .I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to the Power Supply

C O N N E C T I N G V E R T E X 7 0 V T O T H E P O W E R

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Power CordBefore connecting the power cord, make sure that the spectrometer is switched off, i.e.the mains switch (B in figure 2) is in the “O” position. Connect the supplied power cordto the primary power receptacle (C in figure 2) as well as to the mains socket outlet.

The power cord length should not exceed 3m. Depending on the local conditions, theoriginal power cord may need to be exchanged for a power cord that complies with thestandards of the country in question. The power cord must have approbation of at leastyour local authority, UL for US, CSA for Canada or VDE for Europe. The spectrometerpower supply unit automatically adapts to the local voltage and frequency range. (Seesection Site Requirements.)

Component

A Ethernet port

B Mains switch

C Primary power receptacle (for connecting thepower cord)

Figure 2: Spectrometer Rear Side - Connections for Power Supply and PC

A

B

C


3 I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to a PC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C O N N E C T I N G V E R T E X 7 0 V T O A P C

Data CableThe data cable included in the spectrometer delivery scope is a CAT5 crossover cable(labelled “Cross-over”) with two RJ-45 plugs. This cable is only used for the direct con-nection of VERTEX 70v to a computer. If you intend to connect the spectrometer to anetwork, a different type of cable (i.e. non-crossover, CAT 5 cable for the 10Base-T Eth-ernet standard) is required. (See appendix E.) The data cable length should not exceed100m (without repeater).

Connect one end of the data cable to the Ethernet port (ETH) (A figure 2) and the otherend of the data cable to the RJ-45 socket of the computer network interface card. (Fordetailed information refer to the computer manual.)

After having set up the data cable connection, turn on the spectrometer using the mainsswitch. After a few seconds, the spectrometer beeps once and starts a self test. Afterthe initialization has been completed successfully, the “STATUS” LED (figure 10) turnsfrom red to green. Now switch on the computer and the monitor. (For information onhow to install the computer and how to set up signal and power cable connections forthe computer, monitor etc. refer to the computer manual.)

Computer SetupVERTEX 70v and the delivered PC are already configured for the stand-alone opera-tion. The spectrometer IP address is factory-set to 10.10.0.1. In case you have not pur-chased the computer together with the VERTEX 70v spectrometer, you have to assignan appropriate IP address to the computer to which you want to connect the spectrome-ter. For detailed information about how to assign an IP-address to the computer refer toappendix E.


. . .

. .I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to the Vacuum Pump

C O N N E C T I N G V E R T E X 7 0 V T O T H E V A C U U M

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P U M P

The attachment flange (NW25 flange) for connecting the vacuum pump is at the spec-trometer rear side. Figure 3 shows the valve block with removed cover.

The vent openings are covered by a plug made from sintered-powder metal which is air-permeable (i.e. the spectrometer can be vented with the plugs installed on the ventopening). (See figure 8.) The plug functions like a filter preventing particles from enter-ing the spectrometer together with the influent air.

Note: For detailed information about the vacuum pump refer to the user manual provided by the vacuum pump manufacturer.

Attachment Flange for the Vacuum Pump

Opening for venting the optical bench (Note: When purging the spectrometer this port is used as purge gas inlet for the optical bench.

Valve for evacuating the optical bench

Valve for evacuating the sample compart-ment

Figure 3: Valve Block (Spectrometer rear Side)

Opening for venting the sample compart-ment(Note: When purging the spectrometer this port is used as purge gas inlet for the sample compartment.

Valve for venting the sample compartment

Valve for venting the optical bench


3 I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to the Vacuum Pump

Ins ta l la t ion Procedure• Remove the valve block cover shown in figure 4 by loosening the two Allen screws

using a hex key (size 3mm) and pulling off the cover.

• Install the supplied sealing ring at the attachment flange. See figure 5.

• Press the supplied flexible metal hose against the attachment flange (figure 6a) and attach the hose to the flange using the supplied hose clamp (figure 6b). Secure the hose clamp by fastening the wing screw.

Allen Screws Valve Block Cover

Figure 4: Removing the Valve Block Cover

Figure 5: Connecting VERTEX 70v to Vacuum Pump - Step 1

Attachment Flange Sealing Ring

Flexible Metal Hose


. . .

. .I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to the Purge Gas Line

During operation, the vacuum pump generates vibrations. In order to prevent thesevibrations from being transferred to the spectrometer via the flexible metal hose, thesupplied vibration absorber has to be installed between the vacuum pump and thespectrometer. The procedure for connecting the flexible metal hose to the vacuumpump and to the vibration absorber is identical to the procedure described above.

Note: Make sure that the vibrating metal hoses do not come into contact with the table on which the spectrometer is placed.

During the operation, the vacuum pump produces an increased noise level. In order toreduce the noise level install the supplied noise reduction hood over the vacuum pump.For information about the noise reduction hood installation refer to instructions providedby the pump manufacturer.

C O N N E C T I N G V E R T E X 7 0 V T O T H E P U R G E

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G A S L I N E

As an alternative to the vacuum operation, VERTEX 70v can be purged with either dryair or dry nitrogen gas. The spectrometer has two purge gas inlets; one for purging thesample compartment and the other for purging the optical bench. The purge gas inletsare at the spectrometer rear side. See figure 7.

Figure 6: Connecting VERTEX 70v to Vacuum Pump -Step 2

Hose ClampWing Screw


3 I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to the Purge Gas Line

For detailed information about the required purge gas supply conditions refer to chapterOperation, section Purging the Spectrometer.

Ins ta l la t ion ProcedureNote: In case the spectrometer is evacuated, first vent it before starting

the installation procedure. Otherwise, a warning message regarding unstable pressure conditions inside the spectrometer will appear.

• To connect the spectrometer to the purge gas supply you need a stiff hose with an outer diameter of 6mm. Remove the plug (made from sintered-powder metal) from the purge gas inlet by pressing the lock ring inwards (figure 8) and pulling out the plug. Connect one end of the hose to your supply line for dry air or dry nitrogen gas and insert the other end of the hose into the purge gas inlet for either the sample compartment or optical bench.

• If you want to purge both the sample compartment and the optical bench, you need a T-shape connecting hose with two hose ends leading to the spectrometer. After having connected the main end of the hose to the supply line, insert one of the other two hose ends into the purge gas inlet for the sample compartment and the other hose end into the purge gas inlet for the optical bench.

Figure 7: Purge Gas Inlets

Purge gas inlet for optical bench.(Note: In case of vacuum operation - vent opening for venting the optical bench.)

Purge gas inlet for sample compartment.(Note: In case of vacuum operation - vent opening for venting the sample com-partment.)


. . .

. .I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to the Purge Gas Line

Figure 8: Purge Gas Inlet with removed Plug

Plug

Lock Ring


3 I N S T A L L A T I O NConnecting VERTEX 70v to the Purge Gas Line


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .O V E R V I E W 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

This chapter describes all relevant external and internal spectrometer components.

Note: The local indications right and left assume that the operator stands in front of the spectrometer. The indications forward and backward refer to the spectrometer front side and rear side, respectively.

CompartmentA Power Supply ConnectorB Status Indicator BoardC Electronics CompartmentD Interferometer CompartmentE Detector CompartmentF Sample CompartmentG Laser H Vacuum Pump Connection PortI Beam Direction Control Compartment

A

B

C

D

E

F

GH

I

Figure 9: General Overview


4 O V E R V I E WExternal Components

The detector compartment, the interferometer compartment and the beam directioncontrol compartment are not separated from each other but form one compartment. Allspectrometer compartments are accessible by removing the corresponding cover.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E X T E R N A L C O M P O N E N T S

Status Ind icator BoardThe status indicator board is in the left rear corner of the spectrometer, more precisely,on the electronic compartment cover. (See figure 10.) The color of the LEDs gives ageneral indication of the operating status of the corresponding spectrometer compo-nent. Moreover, the color of the Vacuum LED indicates the current pressure situationinside the spectrometer compartments (i.e it shows whether a certain compartment isbeing evacuated/vented just now or is already evacuated/vented). In case one of theseLEDs lights up red indicating a spectrometer problem refer to chapter Troubleshooting.This chapter shows possible causes of a problem and provides solutions.

V A C U U M

The color of VACUUM LED depends on the current pressure situation inside the individ-ual spectrometer compartments. The following table explains the meaning of the differ-ent LED colors:

LED is off. Sample compartment and optical bench are vented.

LED flashes green. Sample compartment and optical bench are being either evacuated or vented.

LED lights up green. Sample compartment and optical bench are evacuated. The ultimate vacuum is achieved.

LED flashes yellow. Sample compartment is being either evacuated or vented. (In case the sample compartment is already vented, it flashes yellow also when the optical bench is being vented.)

LED lights up yellow. Sample compartment is vented.

LED lights up red. When the spectrometer is being evacuated, but a certain threshold pressure value is not reached within a certain period of time (i.e. the ultimate vacuum is not achieved). A red VACUUM LED indicates a problem. See chapter Troubleshooting, section Problem - Possible Cause - Solution, subsection Spectrometer problem indicated by spectrometer status indicator.

Figure 10: Status Indicator Board


. . .

. .O V E R V I E WExternal Components

L A S E R

The LASER LED lights green when the laser is in operation and the laser signal is OK.The LASER LED lights up red if the laser power is too weak, the laser beam is blockedor if the laser module is defective or out of alignment. (See chapter Troubleshooting,section Problem - Possible Cause - Solution, subsection Spectrometer problem indi-cated by spectrometer status indicator.) This control lamp also lights up red during thespectrometer initialization phase. After the initialization is completed successfully, thisLED turns to green.

S T A T U S

A green STATUS LED indicates that the spectrometer is in proper operating condition.The STATUS LED lights up red in case of a spectrometer malfunction or during the ini-tialization phase. After the initialization is completed successfully, this LED turns togreen. (See chapter Troubleshooting, section Problem - Possible Cause - Solution, sub-section Spectrometer problem indicated by spectrometer status indicator.)

Sample CompartmentNormally, you gain access to the sample compartment from the spectrometer top sideby removing the blue cover using the handle. See figure 11a. In exceptional cases, ifyour measurement accessory requires access from the spectrometer front side (e.g. forexchanging the sample), you can remove the blue front cover by loosening the six Allenscrews using a hex key size 3mm. See figure 11b.

Note: When performing measurements under vacuum condition do not forget to reinstall the sample compartment front cover.

The sample compartment dimensions are 25.5cm (w) x 27cm (d) x 16cm (h). For moreinformation about the sample compartment interior refer to chapter Operation, sectionQuickLock.

Figure 11: a) Sample Compartment Top Cover b) Sample Compartment Front Cover

Allen ScrewsSample Compartment Cover Handle



IR Beam Por tsVERTEX 70v has seven IR beam ports (five outlet ports and two inlet ports) allowingthe adaptation of external accessories and/or components (e.g. microscope, TG-IR cou-pling or external light source). The IR beam ports are at the front and rear side as wellas at the left and right hand side of the spectrometer. For the exact dimensions of the IRbeam port positions refer to appendix D.

IR Beam Ports

A Outlet port for focussed beam (e.g. for connecting a bolometer)

B Outlet port for parallel beam (e.g. for connecting a fiber optic couplingmodule)

C Inlet port for connecting a light emission source (e.g. Hg source)

D Outlet port for parallel beam

E Outlet port for parallel beam (e.g. for connecting a microscope, PMA50,external sample compartment XSA)

F Inlet port for connecting a light emission source (e.g. FT-Raman mod-ule, water-cooled, high-power MIR source)

G Outlet port for parallel beam (e.g. for connecting a microscope) orfocussed beam (e.g. for connecting a bolometer)

Figure 12: c) Right Side d) Left Side

Figure 12: a) Front Side b) Rear Side

A B

D E F G

C


. . .

. .O V E R V I E WExternal Components

The IR beam ports are vacuum-tight sealed by circular covers. To remove a coverloosen the six Allen screws using a hex key size 3mm. See figure 13.

Note: External accessories are installed by the Bruker service technicians.

Spectrometer Rear S ide

Allen Screws

Figure 13: Removing an IR Beam Port Cover

Figure 14: Spectrometer Rear View

External Beam Port

Vent Opening/Purge Gas Inlet

Electronics Panel

Mains Switch

CAN BUS Port

Primary Power Receptacle

Attachment Flangefor Vacuum Pump



E X T E R N A L B E A M P O R T

The inlet port is used for connecting a light source (e.g. Hg-Source) or an emissionsample.

V E N T O P E N I N G / P U R G E G A S I N L E T

Depending on whether you evacuate or purge the spectrometer, these two ports servedifferent purposes. In case of evacuating the spectrometer these ports serve as ventopenings, whereas, when purging the spectrometer the purge gas supply lines are con-nected to these ports. (For detailed information about installing the purge gas connec-tion refer to chapter Installation.)

E L E C T R O N I C S P A N E L

On the electronics panel are a number of ports (e.g. Ethernet port), the reset button aswell as LEDs indicating, for example, the status of the interferometer. For a detaileddescription of the electronics panel refer to appendix F.

M A I N S S W I T C H A N D P R I M A R Y P O W E R R E C E P T A C L E

The mains switch is used to turn the spectrometer on and off. The power supply socketis used to connect the power cord to the spectrometer.

C A N B U S P O R T

The CAN bus port is primarily used to connect external automated units to the spec-trometer. For more information refer to appendix F.

A T T A C H M E N T F L A N G E F O R V A C U U M P U M P

The vacuum pump can be connected to this attachment flange (NW25) using the sup-plied sealing ring, flexible metal hose and hose clamp. (For detailed information abouthow to connect the vacuum pump to the spectrometer refer to chapter Installation.)


. . .

. .O V E R V I E WInternal Components

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I N T E R N A L C O M P O N E N T S

The following figure identifies only the most important internal components and theirlocation inside the spectrometer.

Component

A RockSolid interferometer (permanently aligned)

B DigiTect Detectors

C Sample holder for transmission measurements (exchangeable for other optional accessories with QuickLock baseplate)

D HeNe laser

E Two beamsplitters storage positions (optional)

F Beamsplitter (operation position)

G Optional NIR source (operating position)

H MIR source (operating position)

I QuickLock mechanism for accessories (including connectors)

Figure 15: Internal Spectrometer Components

B

D

E

AF

G

H

IC


4 O V E R V I E WInternal Components

Light SourceThe basic instrument is equipped with a MIR source (H in figure 15). The MIR lightsource is a globar (i.e. an U-shaped silicon carbide piece) that emits mid-infrared light.

Apart from the standard air-cooled MIR source, the following optional sources are avail-able:

• VIS/NIR source (tungsten halogen lamp), installed in the spectrometer (G in figure 15), air-cooled

• FIR source (mercury lamp), connected externally to the spectrometer, water-cooled

• UV/VIS/NIR source (tungsten lamp), connected externally to the spectrometer, water-cooled

• UV source (deuterium lamp), connected externally to the spectrometer, air-cooled

• High power MIR source (globar), connected externally to the spectrometer, water-cooled

All external sources can be connected to one of the two inlet ports (C in figure 12b or Fin figure 12c). For the FIR source (mercury lamp), the preferred connection port is theinlet port at the spectrometer rear side, C in figure 12b.

DetectorThe basic spectrometer configuration is equipped with a DigiTect DLaTGS detector withintegrated preamplifier. This detector package contains an analog-to-digital-converterthat converts the analog signal from the detector directly into a digital signal. This digitalsignal is transmitted to the data processing electronics unit of the spectrometer. Thestandard detector is a pyroelectric DLaTGS detector which covers a spectral range from12,000 to 250cm-1, operates at room temperature and has a sensitivity of D*>4x108 cmHz1/2 W-1.

Apart from the standard detector, there is a large number of optional detectors. Alldetectors are mounted on dovetail slides which allow an easy exchange. The followingoptional detectors are available:

Detector Spectral Range (cm-1) Sensitivity Operating

Temperature

Mid-Infrared

DLaTGS with KBr window

12,000 - 250 D*>4x108cm Hz1/2W-1 Temperature-sta-bilized

DLaTGS with CsI window

12,000 - 160 D*>4x108cm Hz1/2W-1 Room temperature

MCT narrow band, with BaF2 windowCAUTION - HARMFUL!

12,000 - 850 D*:>4x1010cm Hz1/2 W-1 Liquid N2 cooled


. . .

. .O V E R V I E WInternal Components

Warning: Some detectors are equipped with windows of which the material is harmful or (very) toxic. During normal spectrometer operation, these materials do not pose a health risk. However, should these windows break caused by mechanical impact, be extremely careful. Avoid generating dust. These materials are harmful or toxic if swallowed or inhaled. Also avoid skin and eye contact.

MCT mid band, with ZnSe window CAUTION - TOXIC!


MCT broad band, with KRS-5 windowCAUTION - TOXIC!

12,000 - 420 D*:>5x109cm Hz1/2W-1 Liquid N2 cooled

Photovoltaic MCT, with BaF2 windowCAUTION - HARMFUL!


MCT/InSb Sandwich, with ZnSe windowCAUTION - TOXIC!

10,000 - 600 D*:>2x1010 cm Hz1/2W-1 (MCT)D*:>1.5x1011cm Hz1/2W-1(InSb)

Liquid N2 cooled

Near-Infrared

InSb 10,000 - 1,850 D*:>1.5x1011cm Hz1/2 W-1 Liquid N2 cooled

InSb with cold filter 10,000 - 3,100 D*>5x1011cm Hz1/2 W-1 Liquid N2 cooled

Ge Detector (Raman) 11,750 - 5,900 NEP<10-15 W Hz-1/2 Liquid N2 cooled

InGaAs Diode 12,800 - 5,800 NEP:<2x10-14 W Hz-1/2 Room temperature

InGaAs Diode 12,800 - 4,000 NEP:<2x10-13 W Hz-1/2 Peltier cooled

Ge Diode 15,000 - 5,300 NEP:<5x10-12 W Hz-1/2 Room temperature

Far Infrared

DLaTGS with PE win-dow

700 - 10 D*>4x108cm Hz1/2W-1 Room temperature

Silicon Bolometer 600 - 10 NEP<10-13 W Hz-1/2 Liquid He cooled

Visible & UV

Silicon Diode 25,000 - 9,000 NEP:<10-14 W Hz-1/2 Room temperature

GaP Diode 33,000-18,000 No NEP available Room temperature

Detector Spectral Range (cm-1) Sensitivity Operating

Temperature


4 O V E R V I E WInternal Components

Beamspl i t terThe standard KBr beamsplitter covers a spectral range from 8000 to 350cm-1. Apartfrom the standard beamsplitter, there are also optional beamsplitters. They allow dataacquisition in wavelength ranges other than MIR (standard) when used in conjunctionwith the appropriate light source and detector. Note that the combination of light source,detector, beamsplitter and sample compartment window material defines the IR mea-surement range. The following optional beamsplitters are available:

Caution: The beamsplitter material CaF2 is harmful if inhaled or swallowed. Avoid also skin and eye contact.

LaserVERTEX 70v is equipped with a HeNe laser (D in fig. 15) It emits red light with a wave-length of 633nm. The rated power output is 1mW. The laser controls the position of themoving interferometer mirror (also called ’scanner’) and is used to determine the datasampling positions. The monochromatic beam produced by the HeNe laser is modu-lated by the interferometer to generate a sinusoidal signal. For information about how toreplace a defective laser module, refer to chapter Maintenance and Repair.

In ter ferometerVERTEX 70v is equipped with a high stability interferometer with ROCKSOLID perma-nent alignment. The ROCKSOLID interferometer incorporates dual retroreflecting cubecorner mirrors in pendulum arrangement. The high throughput design ensures the high-est possible signal-to-noise ratio.

Beamsplitter Spectral Range (cm-1) Color Coding of the Beamsplitter Handle

Mid-InfraredKBr (standard) 7,500 - 370 redKBr (broad band) 10,000 - 400 redCsl 5,000 - 210 redNear-InfraredCaF2 CAUTION - HARMFUL!

15,500 - 1,200 black

Visible & UVQuartz VIS/UV 25,000 - 9,000 whiteFar-InfraredMultilayer (far IR) 680 - 30 nickel-platedMylar 25µm 120 - 20 nickel-platedMylar 50µm 50 - 10 nickel-platedSolid state 600 - 30 *

* limited to a spectral resolution of 0.5cm-1nickel-plated

Alignment Tool Glass For alignment purposes only! nickel-plated


. . .

. .O V E R V I E WOptical Path

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .O P T I C A L P A T H

The beam path shown in figure 16 ist the beam path of the standard spectrometer con-figuration.

D1 Standard detector

D2 Optional detector

BMS Beamsplitter

APT Aperture wheel

OPF Optical filter wheel

IN1 ... IN2 Beam inlet port 1 ... 2

OUT1 ... OUT5 Beam outlet port 1 ... 5

Figure 16: VERTEX 70v - Optical Path


4 O V E R V I E WOptical Path


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OPERATION 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

After the spectrometer has been installed and connected to the power supply, the PC,and the vacuum pump, the spectrometer is ready for operation. VERTEX 70v is com-pletely computer-controlled, i.e. operating the spectrometer (e.g. selecting the corre-sponding optical components) performing a measurement and evacuating/venting thespectrometer is done using the spectroscopic software OPUS.

This chapter describes mainly the spectrometer related aspects of the operation. Fordetailed information about the OPUS software refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.The OPUS manual “Getting Started” explains step by step how to perform the first mea-surement after the spectrometer has been set up.

The standard spectrometer configuration is designed for measurements in the mid infra-red region. Optionally, the spectral region can be expanded by substituting the installedMIR components (source, detector, beamsplitter and sample compartment windows, ifavailable) for the corresponding optical components that allow measurements in the faror near infrared as well as in the visible or ultraviolet region. (For information about thereplacement procedure of these optional components refer to the corresponding sec-tions in this chapter and in chapter Maintenance and Repair.)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S W I T C H I N G V E R T E X 7 0 V O N A N D O F F

Genera l In format ionThe spectrometer is turned on and off using the mains switch at the spectrometer rearside (figure 14). After having switched on the spectrometer, it starts booting. The bootprocess takes about 30 seconds. As soon as this process is completed successfully, theSTATUS LED (figure 10) turns from red to green.

After having switched on the spectrometer wait at least ten minutes before starting thefirst measurement. This allows for the electronics and the light source to stabilize ther-mally.

Caution: After having switched the spectrometer off, wait at least 30 sec-onds before switching the spectrometer on again. This measure avoids peaks in the initial current which could lead to fuse blowing and/or damaging the power switch.


5 O P E R A T I O NSwitching VERTEX 70v On and Off

Swi tch-on ProcedureTo put the spectrometer into operation again, proceed as follows:

1 Switch on the PC.2 Switch on the spectrometer. The spectrometer begins to start up.

Note: After the spectrometer initialization is completed successfully, the STATUS LED turns to green. Now the spectrometer is ready for operation again.

3 Connect the the vacuum pump to the power supply.

Note: For information about how to operate the vacuum pump refer to the supplied user manual of the vacuum pump manufacturer.

Swi tch-of f ProcedureIdeally, the spectrometer should uninterruptedly be kept under vacuum, even duringtimes of nonuse. If, however, the circumstances require a switching-off of the vacuumpump and/ or the spectrometer the following procedure is recommended:

1 Evacuate the optical bench.2 As soon as the final pressure is reached, switch off the spectrometer.

Note: The evacuation will take about 5 minutes. In the electroless spectrometer state, all valves (for venting as well as for evacuating the spectrometer) are closed.

3 Disconnect the vacuum pump from the power supply.

In this state, the spectrometer interior is isolated from the laboratory environment andthe optical spectrometer components are protected against air humidity and they are nolonger current-carrying.


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NQuickLock

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Q U I C K L O C K

The sample compartment is equipped with a locking mechanism, called QuickLock, forpositioning and locking different measurement accessories. Therefore, you can useonly accessories that are mounted on a QuickLock baseplate. The QuickLock mecha-nism enables a solid lock even for heavy and bulky accessories and allows a quick,easy and reproducible positioning of the measurement accessories in the sample com-partment.

When you insert and lock the accessory, all connections (purge gas connection andelectrical connection) are established and the accessory is automatically recognized bythe application software OPUS. This software feature is called AAR - Automatic Acces-sory Recognition. In addition, the recommended measurement parameters are selectedautomatically, provided that you have already stored the parameters for the accessoryin question. (See OPUS Reference Manual.)

The QuickLock mechanism also allows purging the sample compartment with dry air ornitrogen gas. The purge gas enters the sample compartment via the gas diffusor(figure 18).

Purge gas connection port

QuickLocklocking device

Electronic connectors

Figure 17: a) Sample Compartment - QuickLock Holder b) QuickLock Release Button


5 O P E R A T I O NQuickLock

To inser t an accessory wi th QuickLock basepla te :1 Hold the accessory with the QuickLock baseplate front edge slightly tilted

upwards. Then, gently push the electrical connectors of the baseplate against their counterpart of the QuickLock holder. Put the baseplate down. Ensure that the baseplate is horizontally aligned to the QuickLock holder.

2 Gently press the front edge of the baseplate downward until it snaps into place. To facilitate the insertion of the accessory, press the release button outside the sample compartment. (See figure 17b.)

To remove an accessory wi th QuickLock basepla te :1 Press the QuickLock release button outside the sample compartment. (See

figure 17b.)

2 While pressing the QuickLock release button, lift the front edge of the QuickLock baseplate until the baseplate snaps free.

3 Carefully lift the accessory off the QuickLock holder to avoid damages to the electrical connectors at the baseplate rear side.

Figure 18: Accessory with QuickLock Baseplate

Purge gas diffusor

Electronic connectors for AAR and CAN bus


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NAutomatic Accessory Recognition

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A U T O M A T I C A C C E S S O R Y R E C O G N I T I O N

As soon as an accessory is locked into the QuickLock holder, the OPUS/AAR software(Automatic Accessory Recognition) starts and recognizes automatically the accessoryin question, provided you have activated the AAR function in the OPUS software. (Forinformation about how to activate the AAR function refer to the OPUS reference man-ual, OPUS manual part Automatic Accessory Recognition“).

The OPUS/AAR software identifies the accessory, performs several tests, adapts themeasurement parameters and opens the Measurement dialog window to start a mea-surement. If the automatic accessory recognition has been completed successfully,OPUS displays a corresponding message.

Each time you start OPUS, the AAR program checks whether an accessory is installedinto the sample compartment. If AAR detects an accessory, the corresponding dialogbox is displayed. It also appears when the accessory is substituted by another one.

Note: When installing a new accessory for the first time, it is not yet registered so that the OPUS/AAR software can not recognize it. In this case, you first have to register the new accessory in question. (See OPUS Reference Manual.)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P E R F O R M I N G A M E A S U R E M E N T

The measurement procedure described in the following refers exclusively to measure-ments under vacuum conditions. In case you want to perform a measurement not undervacuum ignore the steps regarding evacuating and venting the spectrometer.

• Specify the measurement parameters in the OPUS programme. To do this, select in the OPUS Measure menu the Advanced Measurement function and select or enter the corresponding parameter values. (The standard parameter values are listed in appendix C.)

• Evacuate the spectrometer as described in the following section. (Wait until the ultimate vacuum is achieved.)

• Acquire a background spectrum without the sample in the sample compartment by clicking in OPUS on the Background Single Channel button. (See figure 19.)

• Vent the sample compartment as described in the following section.• Put the sample in the sample compartment. (For information about how to install a

QuickLock accessory into the sample compartment refer to the section QuickLock in this chapter. For information about sample preparation refer to appendix G.)

• Evacuate the sample compartment again. (Wait until the ultimate vacuum is achieved.)

• Acquire a sample spectrum by clicking in OPUS on the Sample Single Channel button (figure 19) and calculate the ratio (transmittance spectrum).

Note: Use the same parameter values for the background and the sample measurement. Ensure that both measurements are performed under identical ambient conditions.


5 O P E R A T I O NEvacuating and Venting the Spectrometer

For detailed information about OPUS functions for data acquisition, manipulation andevaluation refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.

E V A C U A T I N G A N D V E N T I N G T H E

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S P E C T R O M E T E R

VERTEX 70v is primarily designed for vacuum operation, but it can be purged as well.To activate the vacuum mode, select in the OPUS Measure menu the Optic Setup andService function. Click on the Devices/Options tab and make sure that the Purge Modecheck box is not ticked off. See figure 20.

Figure 19: OPUS Measurement Dialog Window

Figure 20: Activating the Vacuum Mode

With this checkbox being deactivated, the vacuum mode is activated.


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NEvacuating and Venting the Spectrometer

The flaps and the venting and evacuating valves are controlled automatically via theOPUS software. So evacuating and venting the sample compartment and/or opticalbench is done using the OPUS software. The corresponding buttons are at the Basicpage of the Measurement dialog window. See figure 21.

Let us assume the following initial situation: both the sample compartment and the opti-cal bench are vented. In this case, it is not possible to evacuate only the sample com-partment. (The evacuation of only the sample compartment is not possible as in thiscase the pressure difference between the sample compartment and the optical benchwould damage the flaps, i.e. the flaps are not designed for such an operation condition.)So, clicking on either button effects the evacuation of both compartments. The evacua-tion process is indicated by the message Sample / Optics Evacuating that appears inthe fields below the buttons. The progress of the evacuation is shown by the perma-nently updated pressure readings in the lower fields. See figure 22.

Note: After you have clicked on a button, the labeling of this button changes immediately showing the action that can be performed next (i.e. Evacuate... turns to Vent... and versa vice).

Current state in the individual compart-ments including the current pressure reading

Command that can be executed next by clicking on this button.

Figure 21: Optical bench and sample compartment are vented.


5 O P E R A T I O NEvacuating and Venting the Spectrometer

As soon as the evacuation process is completed, the message Sample / Optics Evacu-ated appears in the lower fields. See figure 23.

Note: If the sample compartment is evacuated you can not open it.

Note: To prevent OPUS from starting a measurement while the spectrometer is being evacuated or vented proceed as follows: Click in the Measurement dialog window on the Optic tab and select in the Optical bench ready drop-down list the option Pressure stable. See figure 24.

Figure 22: Optical bench and sample compartment are being evacuated.

Figure 23: Both compartments are evacuated.


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NEvacuating and Venting the Spectrometer

When both compartments are evacuated you can vent the sample compartment sepa-rately (for example, if you want to open the sample compartment in order to exchangethe sample) by clicking on the Vent Sample button.

Note: When both compartments are evacuated, venting only the optical bench is not possible as the pressure ratio inside the spectrometer would damage the flaps. For safety reasons, the instrument does not perform this operation. In this case, clicking on the Vent Optics button effects the ventilation of the sample compartment as well. This precaution prevents the instrument from being operated wrongly.

Figure 24: Defining the Measurement Start Precondition

Figure 25: Sample compartment is vented and optical bench is evacuated.


5 O P E R A T I O NOptimizing the Vacuum Operation of the Spectrometer

O P T I M I Z I N G T H E V A C U U M O P E R A T I O N O F

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T H E S P E C T R O M E T E R

Genera l In format ionTo get optimum measurement results under vacuum conditions, there are some aspectsthat need to be taken into consideration:

• The thermal conditions in an evacuated optics bench and in a purged optics bench are completely different, i.e., under vacuum there is no thermal conduction at all due to the lack of the purge gas. This aspect has consequences on the reproducibility of the measurement results.

• Water molecules are very polar. Due to this property, they tend to stick at the inner wall of the optics compartment. For this reason, it takes time to get the water vapor pumped off completely.

The purpose of the following advice is to help you in achieving optimum measurementresults.

Reproducib i l i ty o f the Resul tsAfter having evacuated the spectrometer, it is highly recommended that you allow thespectrometer to stabilize long enough. An optimally stabilized spectrometer is able toachieve an extreme high 100%-line stability in the sub-%-level with the standard opticalcomponents designed for MIR measurements. (Note: A precondition is that the roomtemperature does not vary by more than 1°C per hour and 2°C per day. Typically, thiscondition can be fulfilled in an air-conditioned environment.)

R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s :• For demanding experiments, a stabilization period of at least 4 hours is

recommended. After this period, the maximum instrument stability is achieved. • For non demanding experiments, a stabilization time of 0.5 hour is sufficient.• During a long-term experiment, it is recommended to repeat the background

measurement in regular interval, at least every hour.• Ideally, the spectrometer should be kept under vacuum overnight.


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NOptimizing the Vacuum Operation of the Spectrometer

Residual Water VaporLonger evacuation times will further reduce the residual water vapor concentrationinside the spectrometer:

Note: Besides the necessity of a water vapor concentration being as low as possible, there is another aspect regarding water vapor you have to take into consideration: The water vapor line intensity in the sample spectrum does not depend on the absolute residual water vapor concentration in the spectrometer but on the different water vapor concentrations during the background and the sample measurement. Therefore, it is of crucial importance that the residual water vapor concentration is (nearly) identical during both the background measurement and the sample measurement.

E v a c u a t i o n T i m e

As mentioned above, water molecules are very polar. Due to this property, they tend tostick at the inner wall of the optics compartment, even under vacuum. For this reason, along evacuation time is recommended. Ideally, the evacuation of the spectrometershould not be interrupted overnight. This action will further reduce the residual watervapor content.

E v a c u a t i o n P r o c e d u r e

Before acquiring a background spectrum, simulate a sample exchange in the same wayas you will do it later for the ’real’ sample measurement:

1 Vent the sample compartment.2 Afterwards, evacuate the sample compartment for about 5 to 10 minutes.

(An evacuation time longer than 10 minutes is not necessary because after that period, the final pressure of < 0.2hPa (< 0.2mbar) will be achieved.)

Note: As soon as the pressure falls below < 1hPa, the message Sample Evacuated, including the current pressure value, is displayed in the Measure dialog window (figure 26). The achievement of the final pressure is also indicated by the VACUUM LED at the spectrometer top side, i.e. this LED lights green.


5 O P E R A T I O NOptimizing the Vacuum Operation of the Spectrometer

Important Note:The evacuation times before the background measurement and before the sample measurement have to be more or less identical. To ensure reproducible evacuation times, specify in OPUS a Delay before Measurement. See the figure 27.

3 Acquire a single channel background spectrum.4 Afterwards, vent the sample compartment and place the sample in the

sample compartment.5 Evacuate sample compartment for about 5 to 10 minutes.6 Acquire a single channel sample spectrum.

Figure 26: OPUS dialog window Measurement - page Basic

Current state inside the individual compartments, including the current pres-sure reading


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NPurging the Spectrometer

Note: Take into account that the intensity of the water vapor band in the sample spectrum does not depend on the absolute residual water vapor concentration but results from a water vapor concentration difference during the background and the sample measurement.

With the above described operation conditions and a spectral resolution of 4cm-1, typi-cally a residual water vapor band intensity in the range of significantly less than 0.1%Tcan be achieved.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P U R G I N G T H E S P E C T R O M E T E R

Genera l In format ionPurging the spectrometer is not necessarily required, especially when you performmeasurements under vacuum conditions. However, if the spectrometer is not evacu-ated, purging is recommended, especially when you frequently open the compartmentcovers (e.g. due to a detector or beamsplitter replacement or a sample substitution) or ifthe ambient air humidity content is too high because this measure reduces the level ofwater vapor, CO2 or other components of the ambient air inside the spectrometer.

Note: Water vapor, CO2 and other atmospheric contaminants cause unwanted absorption. Therefore, open the sample compartment, the detector compartment and/or the interferometer compartment only if necessary in order to prevent water vapor, CO2 or other contaminants from entering the above mentioned compartments.

Figure 27: OPUS Measurement dialog

Specifying the measurement delay time


5 O P E R A T I O NPurging the Spectrometer

Purge the spectrometer, for example, with dry air or low pressure nitrogen gas. Providethe following purge gas conditions:

• Dry (dew point < -40°C corresponds to a degree of dryness of 128ppm humidity), oil-free and dust-free air or nitrogen gas

• Maximum pressure of 2 bar (29 psi)• Initial purge gas flow rate should not exceed 500 liters/hour• Sustained purge gas flow rate should not exceed 200 liters/hour

Danger: Do not use flammable gases for purging the spectrometer. Some spectrometer components become very hot during operation. If flammable gases come in contact with hot components there will be the risk of fire and/or explosion!

For information about how to connect the spectrometer to a purge gas supply line, referto chapter Installation.

If you want to purge an enclosed accessory (e.g. micro ATR unit) you have to cover theopening, which is also intended for evacuating and venting the sample compartment(see figure 28), using the supplied cap in order to ensure a sufficient purge of theaccessory. Put the cap over opening and screw on the cap.

Attention: If you want to perform measurements under vacuum conditions do not forget to remove this cap again! Otherwise, the evacuation of sample compartment via the small purge gas inlet in the Quick-Lock clamping device (figure 28) will take too long causing a red VACUUM LED after a certain period of time.

This opening is intended for evacu-ating, venting and purging the sam-ple compartment.

Purge gas inlet for purging an enclosed accessory mounted on a QuickLock baseplate

Figure 28: Sample Compartment

Cap with screw thread


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NPurging the Spectrometer

Contro l l ing the F lapsVERTEX 70v is primarily designed for vacuum operation, but it can be purged as well.To activate the purge mode, select in the OPUS Measure menu the Optic Setup andService function. Click on the Devices/Options tab and make sure that the Purge Modecheck box is activated. See figure 29.

This operating mode allows you to control (open and close) the flaps in order to purgeeither the sample compartment or the optical bench or both. The flaps are controlled viathe OPUS software. The corresponding buttons are at the Basic page of the Measure-ment dialog window. See the following figure.

Figure 29: Activating the Purge Mode

Purge mode is activated.

Current state of the flaps

Next possible action that can be performed by clicking on this button.

Figure 30: Controlling the Flaps


5 O P E R A T I O NExchanging the Beamsplitter

The flaps can be opened or closed only if the pressure difference between the samplecompartment and the optical bench is below the threshold value of 5 hPa.

Specia l CaseBesides the normal purge mode in which the optical bench and/or the sample compart-ment are only purged, the following special case is also possible: the vented samplecompartment is purged while the optical bench is evacuated. For the realization of thisspecial case, the spectrometer needs to be equipped with windows mounted on eitherthe sample compartment walls or the flaps which are closed in this case. To realize thisspecial case, proceed as follows:

• Make sure that the purge mode is deactivated in OPUS. (See figure 20.)• Evacuate the optical bench and the sample compartment. (See chapter Opera-

tion, section Evacuating and Venting the Spectrometer.)• Afterwards, vent the sample compartment again. (In this condition, the flaps are

closed.)• Connect a hose to the purge gas inlet for the sample compartment. (The purge

gas inlet is at the spectrometer rear side. See chapter Installation, section Con-necting VERTEX 70v to the Purge Gas Line, figure 7.)

• Now start the purge gas supply.

Note: The flaps isolate the sample compartment hermetically from the optical bench.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E X C H A N G I N G T H E B E A M S P L I T T E R

Genera l In format ionThe standard version and the optional version of VERTEX 70v differ from each otherwith regard to the interferometer compartment cover design (see fig. 33a and 33b) andthe availability of the beamsplitter storage positions (see fig. 31) inside the interferome-ter compartment.

Feature Standard Version Optional Version (S239/V)

Interferometer compartmentcover design

A beamsplitter exchangerequires the removal of thecomplete interferometer com-partment cover.

Wing-shaped cover providesfor easy access to the beam-splitter.

Availability of the beamsplitterstorage positions inside theinterferometer compartment

No Yes


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NExchanging the Beamsplitter

The standard spectrometer version is equipped with a MIR beamsplitter (made of KBr).If your measurement requires a different spectral range, you can exchange the beam-splitter manually. For a list with all available beamsplitters (including their spectralranges) refer to chapter Overview, section Internal Components.

Note: Make sure that the spectral ranges of the installed optical components (source, beamsplitter, detector and sample compartment windows, if installed) correspond with each other!

Changing the beamsplitter is easy because a precise locking mechanism automaticallyfixes the beamsplitter at its pre-aligned position, as soon as you move the release lever(figure 34) into the locked position (i.e. backward).

All beamsplitters for VERTEX 70v are electronically coded enabling the spectrometerfirmware to auto-detect the beamsplitter type. The information about the component ispassed on to the OPUS software. This feature is called ACR (Automatic ComponentRecognition)1. Its purpose is to prevent you from selecting a wrong component inOPUS when you set up a measurement. (Note: A wrongly selected component is indi-cated in OPUS by a red colored entry field of the corresponding drop-down list. Seealso the OPUS Reference Manual.)

1. ACR is restricted only to the optical components beamsplitter, detector and source.

Figure 31: VERTEX 70v - Beamsplitter Installation Positions (only In case of option S239/v)

Beamsplitter (Operating position)

Two additional Beamsplitters(Storage position)

Knob

Wing-shaped cover


5 O P E R A T I O NExchanging the Beamsplitter

Handl ing Inst ruct ions

Caution: The beamsplitter is a very delicate component. Handle it with utmost care and observe the following handling instructions to ensure a long service life.

• Do not touch the beamsplitter surface as this will damage the surface and, as a consequence, the beamsplitter may become useless. Hold the beamsplitter using always the handle (figure 32).

• Some beamsplitter materials are hygroscopic. Never expose them to humidity or water vapor. Store the beamsplitter either in a dry and sealed container (e.g. in the beamsplitter storage box) or inside the spectrometer (storage position, figure 31).

• Do not try to loosen or fasten the screws as this will impair the optical quality of the beamsplitter and lead to malfunctions.

• Do not try to clean the beamsplitter.• Do not expose the beamsplitter (especially beamsplitters made of KBr) to temper-

ature changes.

Figure 32: Beamsplitter

Handle


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NExchanging the Beamsplitter

Exchange Procedure1 The procedure for gaining access to the beamsplitter depends on the

interferometer compartment cover design. Standard cover (fig. 33a): Take off the complete cover. Optional cover (fig. 33b): Turn the knob counter-clockwise until the stop and rotate the wing-shaped cover aside as shown in figure 31.

Caution: Class 2 laser radiation. When the cover is removed do not stare into the laser beam.

2 Move the release lever into the unlocked position (i.e. backward).

3 Carefully pull the beamsplitter straight upwards without catching an edge.

4 Take the other beamsplitter out of the storage position and insert it with the electrical contacts facing to the front side (figure 34).

5 Push down the beamsplitter completely until you feel resistance.

6 Move the release lever into the locked position, i.e. forward. (See figure 34.)

Note: A beep indicates that the beamsplitter has been recognized by the electronics. After a few seconds the spectrometer will start scanning.

7 Insert the beamsplitter, you have taken out of the operating position, either into the storage position holder (figure 31) or store it in the intended box.

8 Standard cover: Place the cover on the interferometer compartment again. Optional cover: Rotate the wing-shaped cover over the openings and secure it by turning the knob clockwise.

9 Check whether a signal is detected and the optics works correctly. (For detailed information refer to the OPUS reference manual.)

Figure 33: a) Standard Cover b) Wing-shaped Cover (in case of option S239/V)


5 O P E R A T I O NExchanging the Detector

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E X C H A N G I N G T H E D E T E C T O R

Genera l In format ionThe basic spectrometer configuration is equipped with a DigiTect DLaTGS detector. Ifyour measurement requires a different spectral range or another detector sensitivity youcan install another detector into the second detector position, which is an optional spec-trometer feature, or exchange the installed DigiTect DLaTGS detector for another Digi-Tect detector, such as a MCT with a higher sensitivity or a NIR detector. (For the listwith all available detectors including their spectral ranges refer to chapter Overview,section Internal Components.)

Note: Make sure that the spectral ranges of the installed optical components (source, beamsplitter, detector and sample compartment windows, if installed) correspond with each other!

A removable cover provides access to the detector compartment. The dovetail detectormounting facilitates the exchange. A re-alignment is not necessary. All detectors forVERTEX 70v are electronically coded, enabling the spectrometer firmware to auto-detect the type of detector currently installed. This information is passed on to theOPUS software. This feature is called ACR (Automatic Component Recognition)1. Itspurpose is to prevent you from selecting a wrong component in OPUS when you set upa measurement. (Note: A wrongly selected component is indicated in OPUS by a redcolored entry field of the corresponding drop-down list. See also the OPUS ReferenceManual.)


Figure 34: Beamsplitter (Operating Position)

Release lever (in locked position)

Beamsplitter handle


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NExchanging the Detector

Exchange Procedure1 Take off the detector compartment cover (E in figure 9).

Caution: If there is a MCT detector installed in the detector compartment (including a vacuum-tight closure at the filling hole in the detector compartment cover) the detector compartment cover can not be taken off. In this case, do not try to remove the cover forcibly as this may cause a spectrometer damage! Therefore, first screw off the sealing adapter mating part (figure 39) before you take off the detector compartment cover. (See chapter Operation, section Cooling an MCT Detector, subsection Detector Compartment Cover Preparation Procedure.)

2 Loosen the locking screw (allen screw) that secures the detector using a hex key (size 6mm). See figure 35. Depending on which detector you want to remove, the allen screw is on the left or right side of the detector.

3 Pull the detector straight upwards out of the dovetail guide.

Caution: Remove the detector carefully in order not to damage the detector and/or the mirrors.

4 Insert the other detector precisely into the dovetail guide and push the detector downwards until you feel a resistance.

Figure 35: Detector Compartment

MCT detector

DLaTGS detector

Moveable mirror

Locking screw of the detector installed in position 1

Locking screw of the detector in-stalled in position 2

Fixed mirror


5 O P E R A T I O NCooling an MCT Detector

Note: A beep indicates that the detector has been recognized by the electronics. The electrical connections are established automatically.

5 Fasten the allen screw slightly using a hex key (size 6mm).

6 Place the cover on the detector compartment. Make sure that the four plastic pins in the corners at the bottom side of the detector compartment cover engage into the corresponding hole of the spectrometer case.

Note: If there is a MCT detector in the detector compartment do not forget to reinstall the vacuum-tight closure at the filling hole in the detector compartment cover. For information about it refer to chapter Operation, section Cooling an MCT Detector, subsection Detector Compartment Cover Preparation Procedure.)

7 Check whether a signal is detected and the optics works correctly (For detailed information refer to the OPUS reference manual).

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C O O L I N G A N M C T D E T E C T O R

Genera l In format ionTo ensure operating ability, MCT detectors have to be cooled regularly with liquid nitro-gen. The typical hold time depends on the detector. There are MCT-detectors with ahold time of 8, 12 or 24 hours.

To fill the detector with liquid nitrogen you need neither to remove the detector from thespectrometer nor even open the detector compartment. The supplied funnel facilitatesthe filling in of the liquid nitrogen in the detector. See figure 40.

Detector Compartment Cover Preparat ion ProcedureIn case the MCT detector has been delivered together with VERTEX 70v, the detectorcompartment cover is already prepared for the funnel insertion. If you have ordered theMCT detector at a later date you need to prepare the cover as described in the follow-ing.

In accordance with the number of detectors that can be installed in the VERTEX 70vdetector compartment, there are two filling holes in the cover. See figure 36. Theseholes are intended to accommodate the funnel. Upon delivery, these holes are closedvacuum-tightly by a cap plus O-ring.


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NCooling an MCT Detector

Proceed as follows:

1 Take off the detector compartment cover and turn it upside down.

2 Remove the cap from the filling hole that corresponds with the position of the MCT detector you want to cool. To do this, loosen the nut using a wrench (size 24mm) and remove the O-ring and the cap. See figure 37.

3 By default, the sealing adapter is already factory-mounted on the MCT detector. If not, screw the sealing adapter on the MCT detector filling piece. See figure 38.

Filling holes closed by caps

Figure 36: Detector Compartment Cover (Top Side)

Figure 37: Detector Compartment Cover (Bottom Side)

Open filling hole

Closed filling hole



4 Put the cover on the detector compartment again.

5 Screw the white sealing adapter mating part on the threaded end fitting of the sealing adapter. See figure 39.

Note: When you perform a measurement in vacuum, the sealing adapter and its mating part ensure a vacuum-tight closure at the filling hole in the detector compartment cover.

Caution: With the installed vacuum-tight closure at filling hole, the detector compartment cover can not be removed. In this case, do not try to remove the cover forcibly as this may cause a spectrometer damage.

6 Insert the funnel as shown in figure 40.

Figure 38: Detector Compartment

Sealing adapter

MCT detector

Figure 39: Installing a vacuum-tight closure

Threaded end fitting of the sealing adapter

Sealing adapter mating part


. . .

. .O P E R A T I O NCooling an MCT Detector

Safety NotesMCT detectors have to be cooled with liquid nitrogen. The temperature of liquid nitrogenis minus 196°C (minus 320.8°F). Therefore, handling liquid nitrogen requires the obser-vance of the following safety notes:

Warning: Handle liquid nitrogen always with utmost care. Due to its extremely low temperatures, skin contact can cause severe frostbites! Also the gases escaping from the liquid nitrogen are extremely cold and can cause frostbite. The delicate eye tissue can be damaged if exposed to this cold gas even for a short time. Protect your eyes by wearing a face shield or safety goggles! Note that goggles without side shields do not provide adequate protection!

Warning: High nitrogen gas concentrations in an enclosed area can cause asphyxiation! Use liquid nitrogen only in well-ventilated areas. Nitrogen gas is colorless, odorless and tasteless. Therefore, it can not be detected by human senses and will be inhaled as if it were normal air.

Cool ing Procedure1 Fill in slowly liquid nitrogen. See figure 40. At first the liquid nitrogen

evaporates and streams out again.

Warning: Liquid nitrogen boils and splashes when it is filled a warm container. Therefore, fill in the liquid nitrogen slowly to minimize boiling and splashing. Stand clear of boiling and splashing liquid nitrogen and its issuing gas.

Figure 40: Filling in liquid Nitrogen



2 Wait until the funnel is empty before refilling. When the liquid nitrogen stops streaming out the dewar has reached liquid nitrogen temperature. Then, fill the funnel again with liquid nitrogen. Avoid spilling the liquid on the housing.

3 Repeat this procedure until the detector dewar has been filled to maximum. (As a rough rule of thumb for the standard MCT detector: the maximum dewar capacity is about the quantity of two to three funnel fillings. Note that the first two funnel filling will evaporate almost completely.) Avoid overfilling. In this case the liquid flows out of the filling port.

4 After having filled in sufficient liquid nitrogen, remove the funnel and insert the supplied plug instead. See figure 41.

5 Wait about 20 minutes before starting the measurement to allow the detector to stabilize.

Figure 41: Closed Filling Hole

Plug


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

VERTEX 70v is a low-maintenance instrument equipped with easy-to-replace compo-nents. The operator can replace components with a limited service life (e.g. IR source)without requiring the assistance of the Bruker service personnel. The following mainte-nance and repair procedures are described in this chapter:

• Evacuating a MCT detector dewar• Replacing a defective laser module• Replacing a defective IR source• Replacing fuses• Replacing the sample compartment windows• Cleaning the instrument• Maintaining the vacuum pump

Perform only the maintenance and repair works which are described in this manual.Adhere strictly to the described procedures and observe all relevant safety precautions.Otherwise, personal injury and/or spectrometer damage can be the result. In this case,Bruker does not assume any liability. Maintenance and repair works that are notdescribed in this manual should only be performed by Bruker service personnel. (Forservice addresses and telephone numbers refer to appendix I.)

Caution: Avoid electrostatic discharges (ESD) to prevent ESD sensitive electronic components from being damaged.

Electronic components (like semiconductor chips and boards) are very susceptible toelectrostatic discharges caused by the operator. Even the slightest electrostatic dis-charge that is imperceptible to the operator can damage electronic components. There-fore, it is of crucial importance that you are connected to ground with respect to thespectrometer before you touch any electronic component inside the spectrometer. Elec-trical grounding can be accomplished either by using a grounded wrist strap or touchinga grounded object (e.g. radiator). The grounded wrist strap is the most effective (and thepreferred) grounding method.

Note: After having exchanged a defective optical component e.g. laser unit, light source we recommend running the OQ test using the OVP software to check the spectrometer performance. (For the test procedure refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.)


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I REvacuating the MCT Detector Dewar

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E V A C U A T I N G T H E M C T D E T E C T O R D E W A R

Genera l In format ionMost liquid nitrogen cooled detectors are mounted in re-pumpable vacuum dewars(except for those which are sealed permanently). Evacuating the detector dewarbecomes necessary if the hold time decreases considerably (i.e. a hold time of lessthan four hours). The existence of condensation water on the detector outside indicatesthat the dewar must be evacuated soon. If there is frost on the detector outside thedewar must be evacuated immediately. Before evacuating the dewar, the detector mustbe removed from the spectrometer.

To evacuate the dewar the following evacuating equipment is required:

• turbo molecular pump / oil-free high-vacuum pump (that generates an vacuum of at least < 10-5mbar)

• vacuum adapter

Note: Bruker offers suitable evacuating equipment (# S105-V). In case you do not want to purchase this equipment, Bruker also offers the service of evacuating the MCT detector (# D128). So, alternatively you can send the complete MCT detector in to Bruker.

Component

A Vacuum Adapter (D126)

B Flange

C Flexible Metal Hose

D NW 25 Flange

Figure 42: a) Vacuum Adapter b) Vacuum Adapter with flexible Metal Hose and Flange

A B C D


. . .

. .M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I REvacuating the MCT Detector Dewar

Evacuat ion Procedure1 Remove the MCT detector from the spectrometer. See chapter Operation,

section Exchanging the Detector.

2 Connect the connecting piece of the vacuum adapter (E in figure 43) to the vacuum pump. (The connecting piece has an OD of 9.7mm.)

3 Pull the knob (H in figure 43) to the open position and loosen the coupling nut (A in figure 43).

4 Push the vacuum adapter carefully over the connection nozzle of detector dewar and fasten the coupling nut finger-tight. Additional tightening is not necessary.

5 Push the knob in the closed position until the threaded rod (D in figure 43) of the vacuum adapter is in contact with the dewar evacuation valve.

6 Screw the threaded rod in the evacuation valve closure of the dewar by turning the knob clockwise; 2 to 3 rotations are sufficient.

7 Evacuate the vacuum adapter using the vacuum pump.

Note: The dewar should not contain any liquid nitrogen and should be at or slightly above room temperature (max. 60°C).

8 Pull the knob to the open position in order to open the dewar evacuation valve. Evacuate the detector dewar using the vacuum pump.

Note: Evacuating the dewar takes several hours. Therefore, it is recommendable to evacuate the dewar overnight. The final pressure in the dewar should be less than 10-5 mbar.

9 When the desired vacuum is achieved, push the knob to the closed position in order to close the dewar evacuation valve.

10 Vent the section between vacuum pump and vacuum adapter.

11 Rotate the knob several turns counterclockwise in order to screw the threaded rod off the dewar evacuation valve. Be careful not to vent the dewar.

12 Pull the knob to the open position, loosen the coupling nut and remove the vacuum adapter from the connection nozzle of the dewar.

13 Reinstall the MCT detector in the spectrometer.


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I REvacuating the MCT Detector Dewar

Component

A Coupling nut

B O-ring retainer

C O-ring

D Threaded rod (to remove the valve closure of thedetector dewar)

E Connecting piece for vacuum pump (OD = 9,7mm)

F Vacuum adapter

G Washer and O-ring packing

H Knob

Figure 43: Vacuum Adapter - Cross Section

open

closed

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H


. . .

. .M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Laser Module

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R E P L A C I N G T H E L A S E R M O D U L E

Genera l In format ionThe laser module needs to be replaced only if it is defective. A defective laser is indi-cated by a red LASER LED (fig. 10). For detailed information about fault diagnosis referto chapter Troubleshooting, section Diagnostic Means.

The replacement laser module consists of the laser tube and the laser power supplyunit, i.e. in case of a defective laser you have to replace both components. For the ordernumber of the replacement laser module refer to appendix B.

Safety NotesThe interferometer is equipped with a HeNe laser. This laser emits red light with awavelength of 633nm. The rated power output is 1mW. According to EN 60825-1/10.2003, the laser is laser class 2 product. Laser class 2 means that the accessiblelaser radiation can cause eye injuries. Therefore, when replacing the laser, observe thefollowing safety notes:

Caution: Do not stare into the beam! A long-standing exposure to laser class 2 radiation can lead eye injuries.Always switch off the spectrometer and disconnect the power plug before beginning the laser removal. Be aware of the fact that the laser is active as soon as the spectrometer is switched on.Do not put the spectrometer into operation if the covers are removed or show signs of damage.

Replacement ProcedureThe laser module is accessible from the spectrometer rear side. For the exact locationof the laser, see to chapter Overview, section Internal Components, fig. 15. Proceed asfollows:

1 In case the spectrometer is evacuated, vent it first2 Switch off the spectrometer using the mains switch at the spectrometer rear

side and unplug the power cord. See chapter Installation, fig. 2.3 Remove the interferometer compartment cover.4 Remove the valve block cover shown in fig. 44 by loosening the two Allen

screws (using a hex key, size 3mm) and pulling off the cover.


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Laser Module

5 Disconnect the laser power supply cable from the laser module by loosening the two slotted screws at the green plug shown in figure 45 and pulling off the plug.

6 Loosen the Allen screw (A in fig. 46) using the supplied hex key (size 3mm) and rotate the holding plate (B fig. 46) aside.

Allen Screws Valve Block Cover

Figure 44: Removing the Valve Block Cover

Figure 45: Disconnecting the Laser Power Supply Cable

Laser power supply cable

2 slotted screw(at the green plug)


. . .


7 Grasp the laser module with both hands as shown in fig. 47 and pull it out of the holder. (Note: To do this, you have to apply some force in order to overcome the holding force of the fixing pins.)

8 Install the replacement laser module and connect the laser power supply cable. (See step 3 to 4.)

Figure 46: Laser module - Top view

B

A

Figure 47: Removing the Laser Module

Fixing pins


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Laser Module

Important: When inserting the replacement laser module in the spectrometer pay attention to the following potential installation errors:

Insert the laser module in such a way that the white labels at both laser tube ends (fig. 48a) do not come in contact with the two locking pins. Otherwise, the laser beam will be out off alignment.

Make sure that the outlet of the black cable is orientated as shown in fig. 48b.

9 Reinstall the valve block cover. (See step 2.)10 Reconnect the spectrometer to the power supply and switch on the

spectrometer. (See step 1.)

Laser Parameter ResetAfter having replaced the laser, do not forget to reset the laser parameters (operatingtime and laser dropouts, if necessary) using the OPUS software. To do this, proceed asfollows:

• Select in the OPUS Measure menu the Optic Setup and Service function. A dialog window opens. Click on the Service tab and then on the Laser Replaced (Rest Parameters) button. (See fig. 49.) Alternatively, either click on the green status light (at the right end of the status bar) or select in the Measure menu the Optics Diagnostics function. The Instrument Status window opens. Click the on HeNe laser icon and then on the Service Info button. The diagnostics page of the HeNe laser opens. (See chapter Troubleshooting, fig. 60.) Click on the Reset button.

• If the previous laser has shown sporadic power fluctuations, these fluctuations have been recorded automatically by an internal counter. After having replaced the laser, reset this counter to 0 by clicking on the Reset Laser Dropouts button, OPUS dialog window Optic Setup and Service page Service. (See fig. 49.)

Figure 48: a) Replacement Laser Module (side view) b) Laser Module (front view)

Cable outlet

Lasertube

White labels


. . .


Note: After a laser replacement, it is highly recommended to perform an OQ test using OVP. For detailed information about this topic refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.

Figure 49: OPUS dialog window - Optic Setup and Service

Laser parameters

Source parameters


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing a defective IR Source

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R E P L A C I N G A D E F E C T I V E I R S O U R C E

Genera l In format ionThe basic spectrometer configuration is equipped with a MIR source (standard). Option-ally, a NIR source can be installed inside the spectrometer. The replacement procedureis identical for both IR sources. The IR sources are pre-aligned and electrically codedenabling the spectrometer firmware to auto-detect the source type. This information ispassed on to the OPUS software. This feature is called ACR (Automatic ComponentRecognition)1. Its purpose is to prevent you from selecting a wrong component inOPUS when you set up a measurement. (Note: A wrongly selected component is indi-cated in OPUS by a red colored entry field of the corresponding drop-down list. Seealso the OPUS Reference Manual.)

Safety NotesDuring the spectrometer operation, the IR source becomes very hot. Therefore, afterhaving switched off the spectrometer, wait until the IR source has cooled down suffi-ciently before you remove it.

Caution: Avoid any skin contact with a hot IR source. Risk of skin burn!

Replacement ProcedureThe IR sources are situated in the interferometer compartment. See chapter Overview,figure 15. The replacement procedure is identical for both IR source types, MIR andNIR source.

1 Switch off the spectrometer.

2 Take off the interferometer compartment cover. Wait until the IR source has cooled down sufficiently.

3 Loosen the knurled thumb screw of the release lever (approx. one turn). See figure 50.



. . .

. .M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing a defective IR Source

4 Press the IR source slightly downwards while swiveling the release lever aside.

5 Take out the IR source.

6 Insert the replacement IR source into the seating hole. Note that the two pins shown in figure 51 have to snap in the corresponding holes at the IR source bottom side to ensure the correct position of the source.

7 Gently press the IR source downwards and swivel the release lever over the source to secure it. A beep indicates that the source has been recognized by the electronics.

8 Tighten the knurled thumb screw of the release lever.

9 Place the cover again on the interferometer compartment.

10 Switch on the spectrometer.

11 Check whether a signal is detected and the optics works correctly using the OPUS software.

Figure 50: IR Sources

Release levers

Knurled thumb screws

Source seating hole

Pins

Figure 51: Installing a MIR Source


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Fuses

Source parameter ResetAfter having replaced the source, reset the operating hour meter. Proceed as follows:

• Select in the OPUS Measure menu the Optic Setup and Service function. The corresponding dialog window opens. Click on the Service tab and then on the Source Replaced (Rest Parameters) button. (See figure 49.)

• Alternatively, either click on the green status light (at the right end of the status bar) or select in the Measure menu the Optics Diagnostics function. The Instrument Status window opens. Click the on source icon and then on the Service Info button. The diagnostics page of the source opens. (See figure 61.) Click on the Reset button.

Note: After a source replacement, it is highly recommended to perform an OQ test using OVP. For detailed information about this topic refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R E P L A C I N G T H E F U S E S

Genera l In format ionIf the voltage status LEDs (A in fig. 83) at the spectrometer rear side do not light,although the spectrometer is switched on (assuming sufficient power is supplied to thespectrometer), a blown fuse of the spectrometer mains power supply can be the cause.The fuse box is at the spectrometer rear side below the mains switch. (See figure 52a.)

Replacement Procedure1 Switch off the spectrometer by turning the mains switch to the “O” position

(figure 52a) and unplug the spectrometer power cable.2 Open the fuse box flap by inserting a small flat-ended screwdriver into the

groove and gently prying out the fuse block flap. (See figure 52b.) Turn the fuse box downwards. (See figure 52c.)

3 The fuse box contains two fuses. Replace both fuses with 5x20 mm fuses with a rated current of 4A, slow blow (according to IEC 60 127-2).

Note: We recommend fuses of the manufacturer WICKMANN. (See www.wickmannusa.com). Alternatively, you can order single fuses at BRUKER.

4 Close the fuse box by turning the box upwards and pressing it against the housing until the spring clip engages.

5 Reconnect the spectrometer to the mains.6 Switch on the spectrometer.


. . .

. .M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Sample Compartment Windows

R E P L A C I N G T H E S A M P L E C O M P A R T M E N T

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .W I N D O W S

Genera l In format ionProvided the sample compartment of your spectrometer is equipped with windows, theyare mounted either on the sample compartment walls or on flaps which can be move inand out of the beam path. With the flaps in the beam path, the windows separate thesample compartment from the detector compartment and the beam direction controlcompartment. The flap movement is computer-controlled.

In the course of time, the opaqueness of the windows can reach such a degree that thetransparency (infrared transmittance) is seriously reduced. If this is the case, the win-dows need to be replaced.

Note: When installing new windows, make sure that their transmission range corresponds with the spectral range of the other installed components (detector and beamsplitter). For information about the transmission range of the available window materials refer to the table below. The spectral range of the available detectors and beamsplitters is listed in the corresponding tables in chapter Overview, section Internal Components.

Figure 52: a) Fuse Box b) Opening the Fuse Box c) Opened Fuse Box

FuseBox

MainsSwitch


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Sample Compartment Windows

Handl ing Inst ruct ionsThe windows are very fragile. Moreover, contaminations on the window surface candecrease the transparency significantly. Therefore, follow the following instructions:

Caution: Handle the windows with great care because they are made of fragile material that cracks under influence of mechanical pressure. Do not touch the window surface. This may lead to irreversible contamination.

Safe ty NotesSome window materials are harmful or (very) toxic. (See the following table.) Duringnormal operation, these window materials do not pose a health risk. However, shouldthese windows break, be extremely careful. Avoid generating dust.

Warning: Observe the safety instructions on the packaging, and the safety data sheets attached. Non-observance may cause serious health problems or even death.

The following table lists the available window materials including their transmissionrange, refraction index and chemical properties.

Material Transmission Range (cm-1)*

Refraction Indexn (at 2000cm-1) Chemical Properties

Quartz (Infrasil)SiO2

57,000 - 2,800 1.46 Insoluble in water;soluble in HF

SiliconSi

10,000 - 100 3.42 Insoluble in most acids and bases; soluble in HF and HNO3

Calcium Fluoride CaF2

66,000 - 1,000 1.40 Insoluble in water; resistant to most acids and bases; soluble in NH4 salts

Barium FluorideBaF2CAUTION - HARMFUL!

50,000 - 800 1.45 Low water solubility; soluble in acid and NH4Cl

Sodium ChlorideNaCl

28,000 - 580 1.50 Hygroscopic; slightly soluble in alcohol and NH3

Zinc SelenideZnSeCAUTION - TOXIC!

20,000 - 500 2.43 Soluble in strong acids and in HNO3

Silver ChlorideAgClCAUTION - HARMFUL!

23,000 - 400 2.00 Insoluble in water; soluble in NH4OH

Potassium BromideKBr

33,000 - 280 1.54 Soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerine; hygroscopic


. . .

. .M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Sample Compartment Windows

* 50% value at a window thickness of 4mm

Replacement Procedure for Windows mounted on F laps:1 Take off the sample compartment cover.2 To gain access to the flaps, first remove the cover by loosening the two Allen

screws using a hex key (size 2mm). See figure 53.

3 Remove the window retaining ring by loosening the three slotted screws. See figure 54.

4 Take out the window and install the new one.5 Attach the window retaining ring by fastening the three slotted screws. See

figure 54.6 Reinstall the cover using the two Allen screws. See figure 53.

Cesium IodideCsICAUTION - HARMFUL!

33,000 - 180 1.74 Soluble in water and alcohol; hygroscopic

KRS-5 (TIBr/I thallium bromide-iodide)CAUTION - VERY TOXIC!

16,000 - 250 2.38 Soluble in warm water and bases; insoluble in acids

PolyethylenePE (high density)

600 - 10 1.52 Resistant to most solvents

Silver bromideAgBrCAUTION - HARMFUL!

22,000 - 300 2.22 Soft crystal; insoluble in water; darks upon exposure to UV radiation

Material Transmission Range (cm-1)*

Refraction Indexn (at 2000cm-1) Chemical Properties

Figure 53: Removing the Cover

Cover

Allen screws


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RReplacing the Sample Compartment Windows

Replacement Procedure for Windows mounted on the Sample Compartment Wal ls :

1 Take off the sample compartment cover.2 Remove the complete window assembly by loosening the three Allen

screws using the hex key (size 2mm) See figure 55. (The window assembly consists of the retaining ring, the window and the flange ring. See figure 56b)

3 Loosen the three slotted screws shown in figure 56a and remove the retaining ring.

4 Take the window out of the flange ring and insert a new one.

Window

Figure 54: Replacing a Window

Slotted Screws

Retaining ring

Figure 55: Removing the Window Assembly

Allen screws


. . .

. .M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RCleaning the Instrument

5 Reassemble the window assembly and attach it to the sample compartment wall. (Note: While reassembling the window assembly, tighten the slotted screws alternately.)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C L E A N I N G T H E I N S T R U M E N T

Only the outer surface of the spectrometer can be cleaned with a dry or damp cloth. DoNOT use detergents with organic solvents, acid or base!

Warning: Do not clean the spectrometer interior. This may lead to serious spectrometer damage.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M A I N T A I N I N G T H E V A C U U M P U M P

The vacuum pump needs to be maintained regularly. For detailed information about themaintenance procedure and service intervals refer to the supplied vacuum pump usermanual.

Figure 56: Window Assembly (a) assembled (b) disassembled

Slotted screws Retaining ring Flange ring


6 M A I N T E N A N C E A N D R E P A I RMaintaining the Vacuum Pump


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .TROUBLESHOOTING 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

This chapter describes the most common potential spectrometer problems, their possi-ble causes and recommended solutions.1 Depending on how a spectrometer problembecomes apparent, they are subdivided into the following categories:

• Spectrometer problem indicated by the spectrometer status indicator • Spectrometer problem indicated by an instrument status message in OPUS or

other OPUS messages• No interferogram displayed in the OPUS dialog Check Signal• A failed OVP test• Spectrometer problem indicated by various diagnostic LEDs at the spectrometer

rear side (e.g. ERR LED, voltage status LEDs)• No data transfer between spectrometer and computer

The available diagnostic means (e.g. spectrometer status indicator, error messages inOPUS, diagnostics pages of the firmware) enable the operator to identify and solvemany spectrometer problems without requiring the support of the Bruker service, or atleast to narrow down a problem.

If the solutions listed below do not solve a problem contact the Bruker service. (For ser-vice addresses and telephone numbers refer to appendix I.)

With OPUS version 6 or higher, it is possible to send the complete spectrometer statusreport by e-mail to the Bruker service. This report allows the Bruker service technician afirst remote fault diagnostics. To do this, proceed as follows:

1 Click on the OPUS status light. (The status light is in the lower right corner of the OPUS interface.)

2 The Instrument Status dialog window opens. Click on the Send Report button. (See figure 58.) The report is sent by e-mail to [email protected].

Note: This function requires an e-mail program installed on your computer and a set-up mail account. In addition, your spectrometer needs to be connected to a network computer.

1. Not all possible spectrometer problems and causes are listed in this chapter. If the recommended solutions do not solve the problem, contact your local Bruker service. For service addresses and telephone numbers refer to appendix I.


7 TR O U B L E S H O O T I N GDiagnostic Means

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D I A G N O S T I C M E A N S

For a spectrometer fault diagnosis, the following diagnostic means are available:• Spectrometer status indicator on the spectrometer top side• OPUS dialog window Instrument Status• Instrument status messages in OPUS• Diagnostics pages for the following spectrometer components: laser, source,

interferometer1, electronic, automation and detector• Several diagnostic LEDs at the spectrometer rear side

Spectrometer Sta tus Ind icator BoardThe status indicator board (figure 57) is in the left rear corner on the spectrometer topside.

These LEDs can light up in different colors. Depending on the LED in question, theyindicate the following status/condition:

V A C U U M L E D

The color of VACUUM LED depends on the current pressure situation inside the individ-ual spectrometer compartments.

1. The terms Interferometer and Scanner are used synonymously.

LED is off. Sample compartment and optical bench are vented.

LED flashes green. Sample compartment and optical bench are being either evacuated or vented.

LED lights up green. Sample compartment and optical bench are evacuated. The ulti-mate vacuum is achieved.

LED flashes yellow. Sample compartment is being either evacuated or vented. (In case the sample compartment is already vented, it flashes yellow also when the optical bench is being vented.)

Figure 57: Status Indicator Board


. . .

. .TR O U B L E S H O O T I N GDiagnostic Means

L A S E R L E D

S T A T U S L E D

Note: The diagnostic LED Status corresponds for the most part with the instrument status indicator in OPUS. (The difference between both is that the spectrometer Status LED does not light up yellow whereas the instrument status indicator in OPUS does.) The instrument status indicator is in lower right corner of the OPUS user interface. For detailed information about it, refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.

For detailed information about the diagnostic LEDs of the status indicator board refer tochapter Overview, section External Components.

OPUS Dia log Window Ins t rument Sta tusThe OPUS dialog window Instrument Status allows you to diagnose which spectrometercomponent has caused the failure or to find out whether an OVP test1 has expired orfailed.

To perform a fault diagnosis, proceed as follows:

LED lights up yellow. Sample compartment is vented.

LED lights up red. When the spectrometer is being evacuated, but a certain threshold pressure value is not reached within a certain period of time (i.e. the ultimate vacuum is not achieved). A red VACUUM LED indi-cates a problem.

LED lights green. Laser is OK.

LED lights up red. Possible causes are:• Laser power is too weak.• Laser beam is blocked.• Laser module is defective.• Laser tube is out of alignment.

LED lights green. Spectrometer is OK.

LED lights up red. Possible causes are:• Spectrometer is still initializing.• There is a general spectrometer problem (e.g. a defective

spectrometer component).

1. OVP test is a collective term for all tests (e.g. OQ, PQ, PHEUR2240) that can be performed with OVP. OVP (OPUS Validation Program) is part of OPUS. The general purpose of these OVP tests is to check whether the spectrometer system achieves the specified performance. For detailed information about OVP refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.



1 Either click on the OPUS status light or select in the OPUS Measure menu the Optics Diagnostics function. The following dialog window opens:

A The status of the hardware components, e.g. source, laser, interferometer etc. is displayed in the upper icon line. The status can be as follows:

B The second row of icons refer to the possible active test channel and indicatesthe result of the last OVP test performed. The results can be as follows:

Green check mark: Component is okay.

WARNING (light blue): The exact meaning of a warning depends on the compo-nent in question. For example, in case of the source, a warning means:• End of the specified lifetime of the component is nearly

reached. In this case, measuring is still possible.

ERROR (red): Component is defective. In this case, measuring is no longer possible.

Figure 58: Optics Diagnostics - Instrument Status dialog

A

B


. . .


2 To perform a fault diagnosis of a particular spectrometer component click on the respective icon in the first row of the Instrument Status dialog. The Instrument Status Message dialog opens. (See figure 59.)

Ins t rument Sta tus Messages in OPUSSome spectrometer problems are indicated additionally by a corresponding instrumentstatus message displayed in OPUS. (See fig. 59) These messages appear when youclick on the icon of the optical component in question in the Diagnose window.

PASSED (green): OVP test passed. Test is still valid.

EXPIRED (light blue): The validity period of an OVP test has expired. What to do in this case?Perform the OVP test in question. (See OPUS Reference Manual.)

FAILED (red): OVP test failed. What to do in this case?Try to find out the cause of a failed OVP test by performing a systematic fault diagnosis. Solve the problem and then repeat the OVP test in question.

Figure 59: Instrument Status Message in OPUS indicating a Source Problem

Component in question Status message for

the component in question

Status indication for the component in question(green: OK, yellow: warning, red: error)



Diagnost ics Pages When you click on the Service Info button (figure 59), the diagnostics page for the com-ponent in question opens. The diagnostics pages of the spectrometer firmware containall relevant information about the current operating state of the respective spectrometercomponent. In the following figures, the information important for fault diagnostics arehighlighted by a rectangle.

The following figures show the diagnostics pages of the spectrometer componentslisted above. These pages provide information relevant to fault diagnostics.

Figure 60: Laser Diagnostics Page

Date of initial laser operation

Current reading of the laser operating hour counter

Figure 61: Source Diagnostics Page


. . .


Figure 62: Scanner Diagnostics Page

Figure 63: Electronics Diagnostics Page



Figure 64: Automation Diagnostics Page

e.g. Flaps Note: A missing cross indicates a disconnected flap.


. . .


Vol tage Sta tus LEDsThe voltage status LEDs (A in figure 83) are at the spectrometer rear side, labeled +5V,+12V and -12V. These diagnostic LEDs indicate the state of the secondary voltages ofthe electronics unit.

Diagnost ic LEDs RX and TXThese LEDs (S and T in figure 82) indicate the data transfer direction between thespectrometer and the data system via the Ethernet connection. In case of the stand-alone configuration, the green RX LED signals that the spectrometer receives data. Incase the spectrometer is connected to an Ethernet network, the green RX LED indi-cates that a data packet is transmitted on the Ethernet. (It does not necessarily meanthat the data packet is destined for the spectrometer!) The yellow TX LED lights whenthe spectrometer transmits a data packet. This indicates that the spectrometer isaccessed by a computer.

Diagnost ic LEDs SR and SGThese two LEDs (red SR LED and green SG LED, P and Q in figure 82) indicate theinternal operating state of the spectrometer communication processor. (The abbrevia-tion SR stands for ’Status Red’ and SG for ’Status Green’.) If the SR LED lights up thespectrometer is busy and not ready for communication.

Figure 65: Detector Diagnostics Page



Diagnost ic LED ERRThe red ERR LED (K in figure 82) indicates an interferometer error (e.g. a missing lasersignal). As long as this LED lights, data acquisition is not possible.

Diagnost ic LED CR, CY and CGThese LEDs (D, E and F in figure 82) are status and diagnose LEDs for the step scanoption. They indicate the status of the controlling device. (The abbreviation CR standsfor ’Controller Red’, CY for ’Controller Yellow’ and CG for ’Controller Green’.) (Fordetailed information refer to the Step Scan Manual.)


. . .

. .TR O U B L E S H O O T I N GProblem - Possible Cause - Solution

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P R O B L E M - P O S S I B L E C A U S E - S O L U T I O N

Spectrometer problem ind icated by spect rometer s ta tus ind icator .

R E D V A C U U M L E D

During a spectrometer evacuation, a red VACUUM LED indicates that the ultimate vac-uum inside the spectrometer is not reached (i.e it lights up red if a certain thresholdpressure value is not reached within a certain period of time).

Possible causes Solutions

There is a leakage that allows air to enter thespectrometer. During the evacuation, a leak-age may become apparent by a hiss. Possibleleakages are:• sample compartment cover has not been

placed correctly on the spectrometer, • flaps do not close properly,• the wing-shaped cover is not secured

properly (after the beamsplitter has been exchanged),

• a beam port cover is not reinstalled properly (after an accessory has been removed from an IR beam port).

Find the leakage and close it. (In case ofdefective flaps contact the Bruker service. Seeappendix I.)

Vacuum pump is defective. See the user manual of the vacuum pump.

Vacuum pump is not connected properly. Check the vacuum pump connection. (Forinformation about how to connect the vacuumpump to the spectrometer refer to chapterInstallation, section Connecting the VacuumPump.)

Venting valve(s) do(es) not close. This prob-lem is accompanied by a hissing sound at thespectrometer rear side.

Contact the Bruker service. (See appendix I.)


7 TR O U B L E S H O O T I N GProblem - Possible Cause - Solution

R E D L A S E R L E D

R E D S T A T U S L E D

A red STATUS LED indicates a spectrometer problem which can be caused by a num-ber of spectrometer components (e.g. laser, source, detector). In order to be able tonarrow down the problem, it is highly recommended to open the OPUS dialog windowInstrument Status. See figure 58.


Spectrometer is still initializing. (In this case,there is no spectrometer problem.)

Wait until the spectrometer has completed theinitialization successfully (i.e. the LED turns togreen).

Laser beam inside the interferometer compart-ment is blocked. Note: This problem is indicated by the following instru-ment status message HeNe-Laser is off or no laser sig-nals.


After a laser replacement, the laser beam isout of alignment due to the white labels at bothlaser tube ends (fig. 48a) being in contact withthe fixing pins (fig. 47).

Install the laser correctly as described in chap-ter Maintenance and Repair, section Replac-ing the Laser Module.

Laser tube is not orientated correctly. Correct the laser tube orientation as shown infig. 48b. (See chapter Maintenance andRepair, section Replacing the Laser Module.)

Laser is defective. Note: This problem is indicated by the following instru-ment status message HeNe-Laser is off or no laser sig-nals.

Have a look at the laser diagnostic page. (Seesection Diagnostics Pages.) In case of a defective laser:• order a replacement laser module (For the

order number of the spare part, refer to appendix B.)

• replace the laser module as described in chapter Maintenance and Repair, section Replacing the Laser Module.

Laser signal is too weak because the averagelaser lifetime is nearly over.Note: In this case, the OPUS message End of averagelife time is nearly reached, spare part will be requiredappears.

If the average laser lifetime is exceed (signifi-cantly) the laser module needs to be replaced.To do this:• order a replacement laser module (For the

order number of the spare part, refer to appendix B.)

• replace the laser module as described in chapter Maintenance and Repair, section Replacing the Laser Module.


. . .



Spectrometer is still initializing. (In thiscase, there is no spectrometer problem.)

Wait until the spectrometer has completed the ini-tialization (i.e. the LED turns to green).

If the laser is the cause of the problemeither: • the laser beam is blocked or • the laser tube is not orientated correctly

or • the laser is defective. Note: These causes are also indicated by a redLASER LED.

Blocked laser beam: Contact the Bruker service.(See appendix I.)Incorrect laser tube orientation: Correct thelaser tube orientation as shown in fig 48. Seechapter Maintenance and Repair, section Replac-ing the Laser Module.Defective laser: Order a replacement laser. (Forthe order number of the spare part, refer toappendix B.) Replace the laser as described inchapter Maintenance and Repair, section Replac-ing the Laser Module.

If the source is the cause of the problem itis either not installed or defective. Note: This problem is indicated by the followinginstrument status message Source is broken or notconnected.

Check whether the source is installed properly. If the source is defective it needs to be replaced.Proceed as follows:• order a replacement source (For the order

number of the spare part, refer to appendix B.)• replace the source as described in chapter

Maintenance and Repair, section Replacing a defective IR Source.

If the detector is the cause of the problemit is either not cooled down (instrumentstatus message: Detector not ready) or itis not installed correctly (instrument statusmessage: Device not connected. No ana-log board selected).

Cool down the MCT detector by filling liquid nitro-gen into the detector dewar. (See chapter Opera-tion, section Cooling an MCT Detector.)Check whether the detector is installed correctly.(See chapter Operation, section Exchanging theDetector.)

If the interferometer is the cause of theproblem there are a number of possiblecauses. For example, the beamsplitter isnot locked. This problem is also indicatedby the instrument status message BMSdoor is open in OPUS.(Note: In case there is no beamsplitter installed atall, also the LASER LED is red.)

To narrow down the cause of the problem, seesection below Spectrometer Problem indicated byan Instrument Status Message, messages regard-ing the interferometer. If an unlocked beamsplitter is the cause of theproblem lock it. See chapter Operation, sectionExchanging the Beamsplitter.

If the electronics is the cause of the prob-lem the electronics unit is defective orthere is a short circuit, for example.

Check whether the voltage status LEDs labeled+5V, +12V and -12V (A in fig. 83) at the spectrom-eter rear side are on. (See also section VoltageStatus LEDs below in this chapter.) In case of adefective power supply unit contact the Brukerservice. (See appendix I.)



Spectrometer Problem ind icated by an Inst rument Sta tus Message

I N S T R U M E N T S T A T U S M E S S A G E R E G A R D I N G T H E L A S E R

If the automation is the cause of the prob-lem there are a number of possiblecauses.

To narrow down the cause of the problem, openthe Automation Diagnostics Page (figure 64) inOPUS. See also section Spectrometer Problemindicated by an Instrument Status Message belowin this chapter; Instrument status messagesregarding the automation. If you can not solve theproblem contact the Bruker service. (Seeappendix I.)

Instrument status message Possible causes Solutions

HeNe laser is off or no lasersignal.

Laser tube is not orientatedcorrectly.

OR

Power supply to the laser isinterrupted because thegreen plug of the laser powersupply cable is not plugged inat all or not secured properly.(See fig. 45.)

ORLaser is defective.

Correct the laser tube orienta-tion as shown in fig. .48. (Seechapter Maintenance andRepair, section Replacing theLaser Module.)

Plug in the green plugs andsecure them properly by fas-tening the two slotted screws.See chapter Maintenanceand Repair, section Replacingthe Laser Module.

Order a replacement lasermodule and replace thedefective laser module asdescribed in chapter Mainte-nance and Repair, sectionReplacing the Laser Module.(For the order number of thereplacement laser refer toappendix B.)



. . .


I N S T R U M E N T S T A T U S M E S S A G E R E G A R D I N G S O U R C E

End of average lifetime isnearly reached, spare part willbe required.

The end of the specified life-time of the laser is nearlyreached.

Order a replacement lasermodule. (For the order num-ber refer to appendix B.) Afterthe receipt, replace the lasermodule. (See chapter Mainte-nance and Repair, sectionReplacing the Laser Module.)Note: Despite this warning mes-sage, measuring is still possible. To turn the OPUS status light greenagain click on the Ignore button inthe Instrument Status Message dia-log (fig. 59). The message will berepeated in certain intervals until youhave replaced the laser module.


Source is broken or not con-nected.

Source is not installed at all ornot installed properly.

OR

Source is defective (e.g. burntout).

Install the source asdescribed in chapter Mainte-nance and Repair, sectionReplacing a defectiveIR Source.

Order a replacement sourceand replace the defectivesource as described in chap-ter Maintenance and Repair,section Replacing a defectiveIR Source.

End of average lifetime isnearly reached, spare part willbe required.

The end of the specified life-time of the source is nearlyreached.

Order a spare source. (Forthe order number refer toappendix B.) After the receipt,replace the laser module.(See chapter Maintenanceand Repair, section Replacinga defective IR Source..)Note: Despite this warning mes-sage, measuring is still possible.To turn the OPUS status light greenagain click on the Ignore button inthe Instrument Status Message dia-log (fig. 59). The message will berepeated in certain intervals until youhave replaced the source.




I N S T R U M E N T S T A T U S M E S S A G E R E G A R D I N G T H E I N T E R F E R O M E T E R

I N S T R U M E N T S T A T U S M E S S A G E R E G A R D I N G D E T E C T O R


Scanner initialization mode. This error message appearsonly if you try to start a mea-surement while the spectrom-eter is still initializing. Note: Also other error messagescan be displayed. As in this casethere is not a spectrometer problemyou can ignore them.

Before starting a measure-ment, wait until the spectrom-eter has completed theinitialization successfully.

BMS door is open. Beamsplitter is not installedproperly (i.e. the beamsplitterrelease lever is not in thelocked position).

Put the beamsplitter releaselever in the locked position.(See chapter Operation, sec-tion Exchanging the Beam-splitter.)

Laser-A timing error / Laser-B timing error ORLaser-A modulation too small / Laser-B modulation too smallORLaser signals modulation too smallORLaser period too slow or modulation too small

Interferometer is out of adjust-ment caused by strong vibra-tions, for example.

Contact the Bruker service.(See appendix I.)


Detector not ready. The MCT detector is notcooled down to its operatingtemperature.

Cool down the MCT detectorby filling liquid nitrogen intothe detector dewar. (Seechapter Operation, sectionCooling an MCT Detector.)

Device not connected. Noanalog board selected. ORNo analog board found.

Detector is not installed. Install the detector asdescribed in chapter Opera-tion, section Exchanging theBeamsplitter.


. . .


I N S T R U M E N T S T A T U S M E S S A G E R E G A R D I N G A U T O M A T I O N


Pressure in interferometercompartment is unstable. /Pressure in sample compart-ment is unstable.

Note: These messages are dis-played if the defined ultimate pres-sure is not reached in thecompartment in question whenevacuating or venting it.

A valve jams.ORVacuum pump is defective /does not work properly.ORThere is a leakage that allowsair to enter the interferometercompartment. During theevacuation, a leakage maybecome apparent by a hissingsound. Possible leakagesare:• detector compartment

cover / sample compartment cover has not been placed correctly on the spectrometer or

• the flaps do not close properly or

• the wing-shaped cover is not secured properly (after the beamsplitter has been exchanged) or

• an beam port cover is not reinstalled properly (after an accessory removal).

Contact the Bruker service.See appendix I.See the user manual of thevacuum pump.

Find the leakage and close it.(In case of defective flapscontact the Bruker service.)



O T H E R E R R O R M E S S A G E S I N O P U S

If an error message appears which is not listed above contact the Bruker service. Seeappendix I.

Error message Possible causes Solutions

Error message from OpticalBench. Should this messagebe ignored? Fatal 50200Flaps Device error.

Note: As a flap malfunction leads tounstable pressure conditions insidethe spectrometer during venting orevacuating it, this kind of problem isalso indicated by a red VACUUMLED and a red STATUS LED. More-over, the instrument status messagePressure in interferometer compart-ment / sample compartment isunstable is displayed in OPUS aswell. (See section DiagnosticMeans.)

Upon closing the flaps, a flapis blocked by an object. (Forexample, an object has got inthe opening while you haveworked in the sample com-partment.)ORFlaps malfunction (i.e. one orboth flaps do not open / closeproperly.)OROne or both flaps are not con-nected.

Check whether there is some-thing that blocks the flaps. Ifso, remove it.

Contact the Bruker service.(See appendix I.)

To find out whether a discon-nected flap is the cause of theproblem, consult the automa-tion diagnostics page. Seefig. 64. If so, Contact theBruker service.


. . .


There is no In ter ferogram d isp layed in OPUS Dia log Check S ignal

Assuming that, firstly, the computer can access the spectrometer and secondly, there isan optical connection between the interferometer outlet and the detector inlet, this prob-lem can have the following possible causes:

Possible Causes Solutions

Optical path is blocked. Check whether the accessory in the samplecompartment blocks the IR beam.

Detector is not cooled down at operating tem-perature. Note: This problem is indicated by the instrument statusmessage Detector not ready.

Cool down the detector. In case of a liquidnitrogen cooled detector, fill liquid nitrogen intothe dewar. (See chapter Operation, sectionCooling an MCT Detector.)

Detector is not or incorrectly installed. Note: This problem is indicated by the instrument statusmessage Device not connected. No analog boardselected.

Manually Changed Detectors: Checkwhether the detector is inserted properly in itsholder. (See chapter Operation, sectionExchanging the Detector.)External detectors: Examine the cable con-nection at the detector as well as at the spec-trometer rear side.

Defective or not correctly installed IR source. Note: This problem is indicated by the instrument statusmessage Source is broken or not connected.

Check whether the IR source is installed prop-erly or replace the IR source, if it is defective.(See chapter Maintenance and Repair, sectionReplacing a defective IR Source.)

Beamsplitter is not properly installed. Note: This problem is indicated by the instrument statusmessage BMS door is open.

Check whether the beamsplitter is properlyinstalled. (See chapter Operation, sectionExchanging the Beamsplitter.)

Beamsplitter has become opaque or is dam-aged.

Replace the beamsplitter and check the signal.(See chapter Operation, section Exchangingthe Beamsplitter.) Note: If a replacement beamsplitter is not available, youneed to order a new one.

The red ERR LED on the spectrometer rearside lights up, i.e. there is a spectrometererror, for example, strong mechanical shockshave caused a temporary or permanent opticsmisalignment or the laser is defective. (In caseof a defective laser, the LASER LED lights upred.)

In case of an optics misalignment, contact theBruker service.In case of a defective laser order a replace-ment laser module. (For the order numberrefer to appendix B.) After the receipt, replacethe laser module. (See chapter Maintenanceand Repair, section Replacing the Laser Mod-ule.)



A fa i led OVP testOVP test is a collective term for all tests (e.g. OQ test, PQ test, PHEUR2240) that canbe performed with OVP (OPUS Validation Program). The general purpose of theseOVP tests is to check whether the spectrometer system achieves the specified perfor-mance. For detailed information about OVP refer to the OPUS Reference Manual.

Defective power supply unit. Check the voltage status LEDs on the spec-trometer rear side. If none of the LEDs lights,the power supply unit probably needs to bereplaced. Contact the Bruker service. Seeappendix I.

Detector oversaturation or ADC overflow Either reduce the light source intensity byusing a smaller aperture or reduce the gainsettings.


There is a sample in the spectrometer samplecompartment which blocks the IR beam.

Take the sample out of the sample compart-ment and repeat the OVP test.

Source performance has decreased becausethe end of its service lifetime is nearly reached. Note: This problem is indicated by the following mes-sage End of average lifetime is nearly reached, sparepart will be required.

Note: To find out of which component - either laser orsource - the end of the average lifetime is nearlyreached, open in OPUS the Instrument Status dialog win-dow (fig. 58) The component in question has the statusWARNING.

Order a replacement source. (For the ordernumber refer to appendix B.) After receipt,replace the source as described in chapterMaintenance and Repair, section Replacing adefective IR Source.

Sample compartment windows are dirty orhave become opaque.

Order new windows and replace them asdescribed in chapter Maintenance and Repair,section Replacing the Sample CompartmentWindows.

Beamsplitter is dirty, opaque or damaged. Replace the beamsplitter as described inchapter Operation, section Exchanging theBeamsplitter.

Regarding the spectral range of the selectedoptical components source, beamsplitter anddetector, the wrong sample compartment win-dows are installed in the sample compartment.

Install windows made from a material that cor-responds with the spectral range of the otherselected components. See chapter Mainte-nance and Repair, section Replacing the Sam-ple Compartment Windows.

Possible Causes Solutions


. . .


The spectral ranges of the selected opticalcomponents - source, beamsplitter and detec-tor - do not correspond with each other.

Check whether the spectral ranges of theselected optical components correspond witheach other. (For information about the spectralrange of the available detectors and beam-splitters refer to chapter Overview, sectionInternal Components.)

Ice formation in the MCT detector dewar. Note: This problem becomes apparent by a failed iceband test. This test is part of the PQ test procedure.

Evacuate the MCT detector dewar asdescribed in chapter Maintenance and Repair,section Evacuating the MCT Detector Dewar.

Air humidity content inside the spectrometer istoo high. Note: This problem becomes apparent by a failed watervapor test. This test is part of the OQ test procedure.

Reduce the air humidity content inside thespectrometer by either evacuating the spec-trometer or purging it with dry air or nitrogengas. See chapter Operation, section Evacuat-ing and Venting the Spectrometer or sectionPurging the Spectrometer.

Peak position has shifted. Save the new peak position using the OPUSsoftware. Proceed as follows: Select in theMeasure menu the Advance Measurementfunction, click on the Check Signal tab.(Ensure that the option button Interferogram isactivated.) If the peak position is constant saveit by clicking on the Save Peak Position button.

If a failed OVP test has a different cause (e.g.detector sensitivity has weakened or interfer-ometer is out of adjustment due to shock etc.)...

... contact the Bruker service. (Seeappendix I.)




Vol tage Sta tus LEDs

A L L V O L T A G E S T A T U S L E D S A R E O F F

O N E V O L T A G E S T A T U S L E D I S O F F


Spectrometer is not turned on. Turn on the spectrometer using the mainsswitch.

Power cord is not connected. Connect the power cord to the power outlet aswell as to the appliance inlet connector.

No voltage is applied. Check whether the proper voltage is applied atthe outlet to which the spectrometer is con-nected.

Defective fuse. Replace the fuse as described in chapterMaintenance and Repair, section Replacingthe Fuses.

Short circuit in the power supply unit. Typically, a short circuit is accompanied by a“ticking” sound in the power supply unit. Dis-connect the power supply unit immediately.If there are additional external circuitry con-nected to the CAN bus or the MPE port, dis-connect them and try it again. If this measuresolves the problem the external circuitry hascaused the short circuit. Otherwise, it is aninternal problem of the spectrometer electron-ics. Contact the Bruker service. (Seeappendix I.)

Defective power supply unit. If the voltage status LEDs do not light cor-rectly, probably the power supply unit needs tobe replaced. If they do not light at all, contactthe Bruker service. (See appendix I.)


An external device shortens the power supplyunit.

Disconnect all external devices from the CANbus or the MPE port and try it again.

Temporary short circuit in the spectrometer. Switch off the spectrometer, wait about 30 sec-onds and switch it on again. After the initializa-tion cycle the STATUS LED will turn to green.


. . .


ERR LED Generally, a red ERR LED indicates a scanner malfunction, i.e. all components and/orconditions that are involved in the scanner functioning (laser, beamsplitter, air bearingpressure etc.) can cause a red ERR LED.

A defective LED. In this case, there is no spectrometer malfunc-tion and the spectrometer operates properly.Only the defective LED needs to be replaced.


If the laser is the cause of the problem eitherthe laser beam is blocked or the laser tube isnot orientated correctly or the laser is defec-tive.

Note: These causes are also indicated by a red LASERLED.

Blocked laser beam: Contact the Bruker ser-vice. (See appendix I.)Incorrect laser tube orientation: Correct thelaser tube orientation as shown in fig. 48. Seechapter Maintenance and Repair sectionReplacing the Laser Module.Defective laser: Order a replacement lasermodule. (For the order number refer toappendix B.) After the receipt, replace thelaser module. (See chapter Maintenance andRepair, section Replacing the Laser Module.)

In case the beamsplitter is the cause of theproblem either:• no beamsplitter is installed in the operating

position or • the beamsplitter is not locked properly or • it is damaged or • has become opaque.

Note: The second cause is also indicated by the instru-ment status message BMS door is open.

Install a beamsplitter in the operating positionor check whether the beamsplitter is lockedproperly (i.e. the release lever (fig. 34) has tobe in the front position. (See chapter Opera-tion, section Exchanging the Beamsplitter.) In case of an opaque or damaged beamsplitterreplace it as described in chapter Operation,section Exchanging the Beamsplitter. Note: Probably you need to order a replacement beam-splitter.

Strong mechanical shocks have caused a per-manent optics misalignment.





The SR LED l ights permanent lyThe SR LED indicates whether the instrument is busy and not available for communica-tion.

No Data Transfer between Spectrometer and ComputerIn this case the troubleshooting procedure depends on the connection topology. Thedefault connection (stand-alone configuration) is established using a crossover cablebetween the PC and the spectrometer 10Base-T Ethernet port (see appendix E,figure 79). Alternatively, the spectrometer can be connected directly to an Ethernet net-work using the 10Base-T port. The direction of the data transfer is indicated by the RXand TX LEDs on the spectrometer rear side. The TX LED lights during the spectrometersends data and the RX LED lights during the spectrometer receives data.

T H E G R E E N R X L E D D O E S N O T L I G H T A T A L L

This indicates a problem with regard to the physical connection between the spectrome-ter and the PC or the network.


Spectrometer is still in the initialization phase.(In this case, there is no spectrometer prob-lem.)

After having switched on the spectrometer waitabout one minute until the initialization proce-dure is completed.

Spectrometer control hangs. Reset the spectrometer using the reset button(R in fig. 82) at the spectrometer rear side andwait for initialization to terminate. If this mea-sure does not solve the problem, contact theBruker service. (See appendix I.)


Wrong cable type is used. To connect the spectrometer directly to the PCuse a CAT 5 crossover cable for the 10Base-TEthernet standard.To connect the spectrometer to an existingnetwork use a regular CAT-5 10Base-T cable(ask your network administrator).

Defective cable or unstable connection. Check the RJ-45 connection to the Ethernetport (ETH) and at the other end of the cable.Replace the cable, if necessary.

Spectrometer does not start up. Check the main power supply. At least the volt-age status LEDs +5V, +12V and -12V mustlight when the spectrometer is switched on.


. . .


D U R I N G T H E C O N N E C T I O N E S T A B L I S H M E N T T H E G R E E N R X L E D L I G H T S B U T T H E Y E L L O W T X L E D D O E S N O T

There is no logical connection between the spectrometer and network or computer.


Wrong IP address has been assigned to thespectrometer.

Assign the correct IP address to the spectrom-eter. You find the correct IP address on a labelon the spectrometer rear side. (See figure 82.)For detailed information refer to appendix E.

TCP/IP settings mismatch between spectrom-eter and computer/network.

Refer to appendix E.




. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SPECIFICATIONS A

Spectrometer

Parameter Specification

Weight approx. 105kg (depends on the individual instrument configuration)

Dimension 85cm (W) x 71cm (D) x 32cm (H)

PowerConsumption

Spectrometer: 100 - 240 VAC ± 10%; 50 - 60 Hz; 80W typical, 180 W max.Vacuum pump: approx. 500 W

Complete power consumption (but without data station): ca. 700 W VERTEX 70v is a protection class I product.

Spectral Range standard: With the standard optical components (KBr beamsplitter, DLaTGS detector and

MIR source) the following spectral range is achieved: Middle IR: 8,000 to 350cm-1

optional: With the corresponding optional optical components, the following spectral

ranges can be achieved:Far IR/THz: 680 to 10cm-1

Near IR: 15,500 to 4,000cm-1

UV/VIS: 28,000 to 9,000cm-1

Spectral Resolution standard: better than 0.4cm-1 (apodized)optional: better than 0.2cm-1 (apodized)

WavenumberAccuracy

better than 0.01cm-1 @ 2,000cm-1

PhotometricAccuracy

better than 0.1% T

Scan Speed standard: 0.1 to 3.75 cm/sec (opd - optical phase difference)optional: 0.1 to 10 cm/sec (opd - optical phase difference)

EnvironmentalConditions

Operational temperature range of VERTEX 70v: 18 - 35°C (64 - 95°F)In case the vacuum pump is operated with installed noise reduction hood ensure the ambient temperature does not exceed 32°C (90°F).

Temperature variation: max. 1°C per hour and max. 2°C per dayHumidity (non condensing): 80% (relative humidity)

Installation site: in a closed room, max. 2000m above sea levelOvervoltage category: IIDegree of pollution: 2

≤


A S P E C I F I C A T I O N S

Detector standard: High sensitivity DLATGS detector with KBr windowoptional: various detectors for measurements in the NIR, MIR, FIR, UV and

VIS region (See also chapter Overview.)

Laser VERTEX 70v is a laser class 2 product containing a laser class 2 laser according to EN 60825-1/10.2003.Divergence angle: 1.77 mrad ±5%

Interferometer Permanently aligned RockSolid interferometer

SampleCompartment

25.0cm (W) x 27.0cm (D) x 16.0cm (H)Optionally, the evacuable and purgeable sample compartment can be sepa-

rated from the optical bench by KBr windows mounted on either the flaps or the sample compartment walls.

Electronics Microprocessor-controlled optics bench with digital speed control, system diag-nostics, advanced system check, 80 kHz A/D converter with 24 bit dynamic

range. Industry standard Ethernet connection

Housing Vacuum-tight cast aluminum housing

Vacuum Evacuable below 0.2mbar

Parameter Specification


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CONSUMABLE SPARES B

Spare Par ts - S tandard Components

Spare Par ts - Opt iona l Components

Part # Description

Q 328/7 MIR source, mounted, 12 V, replacement unit

Q 101/B HeNe laser module (laser tube plus laser power supply unit)

Part # Description

Q 428/7 NIR source with QuickSwitch mount, 12 Vaverage lifetime > 9000 hours

Q 402 NIR source (24V, 150W), connected externally and water-cooled

Q 302 MIR source (24V, 150W), connected externally and water-cooled

Q 202/6 FIR source (Hg-arc), connected externally and water-cooled


B C O N S U M A B L E S P A R E S


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DEFAULT PARAMETER C

Note that depending on the spectrometer configuration, different default parameter setsmay apply. In the following table you will find a list of the measurement parameters thatapply to the standard spectrometer configuration (MIR). Select in the OPUS Measuremenu the Select Measurement Parameters function and enter following measurementparameters.

Advanced Parameters Settings

Resolution 4

Sample/Background Scan Time 6 scans

Save Data from 7500 to 400cm-1

Result Spectrum Transmittance

Data Blocks to be saved Transmittance and Single Channel

Optics Parameter Settings

Source Setting MIR source (#1)

Beam splitter KBr

Optical Filter Setting open

Aperture Setting 6mm

Sample/Background MeasurementChannel Sample Compartment

Detector Setting RT-DLaTGS (#1)

Scanner Velocity 10 kHz

Sample Signal Gain automatic

Background Signal Gain automatic

Delay after Device Change 3

Delay before Measurement 0

Acquisition Parameters Setting

Wanted High Frequency Limit 15.500cm-1

Wanted Low Frequency Limit 0cm-1


C D E F A U L T P A R A M E T E R

The OPUS software provides the option to set the optics parameters Source Setting,Detector Setting and Measurement Channel also interactively using the schematic pre-sentation of the beam path. To do this, click in the Setup Measurement Parameters dia-log box on the Beam Path tab. The following window opens:

To select the detector position 2, for example, place the cursor on this detector so thatthe label Detector 2 occurs and double-click on this position. The setting will switch todetector 2. See figure 67. As soon as you click on the Check Signal tab the spectrome-ter implements the settings.

High Pass Filter open

Low Pass Filter 10kHz

Acquisition Mode Double Sided - Forward/Backward

Correlation Mode OFF

FT-Parameters Settings

Phase Correction 32cm-1

Phase Correction Mode Power Spectrum

Apodization Function Blackman-Harris3-Term

Zerofilling Factor 2

Advanced Parameters Settings

Figure 66: OPUS Dialog Window - Beam Path


. . .

. .D E F A U L T P A R A M E T E R

In this way, you can also change the Source Setting and Measurement Channel.

Note: The parameters you have set in the schematic presentation of the beam path are realized automatically by the software also in the corresponding fields on the Optics page and vice versa.

Figure 67: Changing the Detector Position interactively


C D E F A U L T P A R A M E T E R


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS D

Figure 68: VERTEX 70v - Isometric View


D D I M E N S I O N A L D R A W I N G S

Figure 69: VERTEX 70v - Top View

Figure 70: VERTEX 70v - Top View Showing Sample Compartment Dimensions


. . .

. .D I M E N S I O N A L D R A W I N G S

Figure 71: VERTEX 70v - Right Side View

Figure 72: VERTEX 70v - Left Side View



Figure 73: VERTEX 70v - Front View

Figure 74: VERTEX 70v - Rear View


. . .

. .D I M E N S I O N A L D R A W I N G S

Figure 75: VERTEX 70v - Sample Compartment Interior (Right Side View)

Figure 76: VERTEX 70v - Sample Compartment Interior (Front View)



Figure 77: VERTEX 70v - Sample Compartment Interior (Top View)


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CONNECTING VERTEX 70V TO PC E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

The connection of the spectrometer to a PC involves the following steps:

1 Defining a connection topology2 Defining the corresponding network addresses3 Assigning the network addresses4 Checking the connection

Depending on the connection typology, two different data cable types are required:

Data cable type For realizing the following connection topology

Included in the delivery scope

crossover cable

1. Stand-alone topology, i.e. spec-trometer is connected to astand-alone PC. See fig. 79.2. Spectrometer is connected to anetwork computer. See fig 81.

Yes (1 piece)

straight through cable

1. Spectrometer and PC are con-nected to a network. See fig. 80.2. Spectrometer is connected to anetwork computer. See fig 81.

NoNote: A straight data cable, category5, with RJ45 plugs for the Ethernetstandard 10Base10 is required.

123

6

123

6

123

6

123

6

Straight through cable Crossover cable

Figure 78: Schematic presentation of the different data cable types


E C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CPossible Connection Topologies

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P O S S I B L E C O N N E C T I O N T O P O L O G I E S

Basically, the following connection topologies are possible:

• Connecting the spectrometer directly to a stand-alone PC (It is the standard connection topology.) See fig. 79.

• Connecting both the spectrometer and PC to a network. See fig. 80.• Connecting the spectrometer to a network computer. See fig. 81.

a) Conf igurat ion for s tand-a lone Operat ion (Standard)

The spectrometer is connected directly to the standalone computer, i.e. neither the PCnor the spectrometer is connected to a network.

By default, the supplied PC is equipped with two network interface cards labelledOPTIC CONECTOR and LAN. For the stand-alone configuration, connect the crossovercable to the OPTIC CONNECTOR at the PC rear side. See figure 79.

Advantages:

• Easy to install.• Full bandwidth available for data transfer between the spectrometer and PC.• No access conflicts with other PCs that try to access the spectrometer as well.• No data transfer rate problems.

Disadvantages:

• No remote access to the spectrometer from other PCs on which OPUS is installed.

• No computer network connection.• A local printer is required to print out the measurement results.

Spectrometer10.10.0.1

PC

Crossover cable

OPTIC CONNECTOR

10.10.0.100

Figure 79: Stand-alone Configuration of the Spectrometer


. . .

. .C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CPossible Connection Topologies

b) Connect ing both Spectrometer and PC to a Network:

Both the spectrometer and the PC, on which the OPUS software is installed, are con-nected directly to the network.

By default, the supplied PC is equipped with two network interface cards labelledOPTIC CONECTOR and LAN. For this connection topology, connect the straightthrough cable(s) to the LAN connector at the PC rear side. See figure 80.

Advantages:

• Remote access to the spectrometer via the internet or the intranet is possible.• The PC can access to all network resources (provided that you have the

corresponding access right).

Disadvantages:

• Data cables are required which are not included in the delivery scope of the spectrometer. They have to be provided by your network administrator.

• Only a fraction of the bandwidth is available for the data transfer between the spectrometer and the PC. Due to data transmission delays, the measurement time may increase.

• Access conflicts caused by other PCs that try to access the spectrometer as well.• Your network administrator must be involved in configuring the connection.

PC 1 Spectrometer

Straight through Cables

PC 2

Hub

LAN LAN

Figure 80: Integration of the Spectrometer into a 10Base-T Ethernet Network


E C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CPossible Connection Topologies

c) Connect ing the Spectrometer to a Network Computer :

This topology combines the advantages of the other two connection topologies, but itrequires additional hardware (straight trough cable).

By default, the supplied PC is equipped with two network interface cards labelledOPTIC CONECTOR and LAN. For this connection topology, connect the crossovercable to the OPTIC CONNECTOR and the straight through cable to the LAN connectorat the PC rear side. See figure 81.

Advantages:

• Full bandwidth is available for the data transfer between the spectrometer and PC.• Remote access to the spectrometer via internet or intranet is possible (provided

that you have the corresponding access rights).• The PC has access to all network resources (provided that you have the

corresponding access rights).• Different data transfer rates for the data exchange between the spectrometer

(10Base-T) and the network (no restriction) are possible.

Disadvantages:

• For connecting the PC to a hub, a straight through data cable is required which is not included in the delivery scope of the spectrometer. It has to be provided by your network administrator.

• Your network administrator must be involved in configuring the connection.

Spectrometer PC 1

Straight through cable

Hub

Crossover cable

LANOPTICCONNECTOR

Figure 81: Integration of the Spectrometer into a 10Base-T Ethernet Network via a PC


. . .

. .C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CSelecting Network Addresses

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S E L E C T I N G N E T W O R K A D D R E S S E S

Depending on the connection topology, use the following network addresses:

a) Network Addresses for the Stand-a lone Operat ion:Spectrometer: IP-address 10.10.0.1

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Gateway 0.0.0.0 (no entry in case of Windows 2000 or XP)

PC: IP-address 10.10.0.100Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

Gateway 0.0.0.0 (no entry in case of Windows 2000 or XP)

The delivered spectrometer and the delivered PC are factory-configured for thestand-alone operation, i.e. all network addresses for a stand-alone operation arealready assigned, provided that you have acquired the PC by Bruker.

b) Network Addresses for connect ing both Spectrometer and PC to a Network:

For this connection topology, both the spectrometer and the PC must have a uniqueIP address. These addresses depend on your intranet and have to be assigned by yournetwork administrator. To ensure that the spectrometer can be accessed via internetalso a gateway address has to be assigned. The gateway links your intranet domain toother domains (e.g. domains being part of the internet). Otherwise, set the gatewayaddress to 0.0.0.0. In case of the operating system Windows 2000 or XP do not specifya Gateway.

Note: A wrong IP address can cause problems with other devices connected to the network.

c ) Network Addresses for Connect ing the Spectrometer to a Network Computer

This connection topology requires two network interface cards and three addressessets: the first set for the spectrometer, the second for the network interface card com-municating with the spectrometer and the third for the network interface card linking thecomputer to the intranet.

Spectrometer: IP-address 10.10.0.1Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

Gateway 0.0.0.0 (no entry in case of Windows 2000 or XP)

PC and network interface card connected to the spectrometer:IP-address 10.10.0.100

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0Gateway 0.0.0.0 (no entry in case of Windows 2000 or XP)

PC and network interface card connected to the network/hub:IP-address assigned by your network administrator

Subnet Mask assigned by your network administratorGateway assigned by your network administrator


E C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CAssigning Network Addresses

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A S S I G N I N G N E T W O R K A D D R E S S E S

This section describes how to assign an IP address to an instrument, not yet config-ured, using the FCONF program (Firmware Configuration). The program is part of theOPUS software. You will find it in the OPUS directory or directly on the OPUS CD.

Note: Among other things, the FCONF program also allows for updating the spectrometer firmware. These program options are described in detail in appendix G.

• Start the FCONF program.

• Select the option Modify IP settings and click on the Next button.

• Accept the settings by clicking on the Next button.


. . .

. .C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CAssigning Network Addresses

• Activate the radio button Assign a new address to the spectrometer and click on the Next button.

• The IP address assignment window opens:

• Specify the MAC address (Media Access Control), the IP address and the gateway address. The Help buttons provide information on what to enter in the different lines.

• The MAC address is the unique hardware name of the network interface adapter installed inside the spectrometer. You will find this address on the label at the spectrometer rear side (see the above figure.). In this example, the MAC address is 00 00 AD 02 AC 11. Enter this code into the first line of the IP assignment window.


E C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CAssigning Network Addresses

• If this label is missing or the MAC address proves to be incorrect, you will find this address also on a label inside the electronics unit. It is placed on the black 26-pole connector at the EWS15-board.

Note: Always keep the MAC address on the label at the spectrometer rear side up to date! Ensure that the MAC address on the label is legible.

• The entries for the remaining three lines depend on the chosen connection topology. For more information see section Selecting Network Addresses. The default entries are shown in the above figure. Use them for the direct connection of the spectrometer to the PC. After entering all addresses, click on the Next button.

• Now you are asked to set the spectrometer into BootP-mode. Follow the instructions on the screen.

Note: The reset button (R in figure 82) is on the spectrometer rear side.

• When the spectrometer is in BootP mode, click on the Next button to start the procedure. Otherwise, the BootP-mode will be canceled automatically after 2 minutes.

• The assigning process starts immediately and may take several minutes.• After a successful completion, a message appears and the spectrometer reboots

automatically.• Now the spectrometer starts up with the newly assigned IP setting and can be

accessed by the computer.


. . .

. .C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CChecking the Connection

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C H E C K I N G T H E C O N N E C T I O N

To check the connection you can use either the internet explorer provided as part ofWindows or any other internet browser program installed on your PC. Proceed as fol-lows:

1 Switch on the spectrometer.2 Wait about one minute to allow the spectrometer to boot. A dark SR LED (P

in figure 82) indicates that the spectrometer is ready.3 Start your internet browser.4 Check that the internet browser is not in offline mode. In case of the

Microsoft Internet Explorer, the offline mode is indicated by a tick in front of Offline Mode in the File menu of the browser.

5 Ensure that the internet browser does not use a proxy server, or at least not for addresses of direct access in the 10.10.x.x.-range. In case of the Microsoft Internet Explorer, you can check this by selecting the Internet Options function in the Extra browser menu. Click on the Connections tab. Then, click in the LAN-Settings group field on the Settings button.

6 Enter the IP address of the spectrometer in the corresponding browser entry field (for stand-alone configuration: 10.10.0.1).

7 Press the enter button.

Now the Internet Explorer should display the home page of your spectrometer.

In case the Internet Explorer shows a blank page and is not able to access theinstrument home page, check the IP address you have just assigned for correctspelling. If the problem is persistent, refer to chapter Troubleshooting.


E C O N N E C T I N G V E RT E X 7 0 V T O P CChecking the Connection


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ELECTRONICS AND POWER SUPPLY F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E L E C T R O N I C S P A N E L

The electronics panel at the spectrometer rear side includes cable connections (e.g.Ethernet connection) and LEDs. The LEDs serve for instrument diagnostics purposes.Each LED indicates a specific operating state (e.g. interferometer mirror movement,data transfer).

Figure 82: Electronics Panel

B

C

D

E

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

F

G

H

I

S

T

U

A

V


F E L E C T R O N I C S A N D P O W E R S U P P L YElectronics Panel

T R G P O R T

The 15-pin TRG port (A in figure 82) is intended for the connection of a triggeringdevice. This port is only used in conjunction with the Step Scan option for step scan andtime-resolved measurements. (The abbreviation TRG stands for ’Trigger’.) (For detailedinformation refer to the Step Scan Manual.)

E D I S P O R T

The EDIS port (B in figure 82) has no function at the moment. (The abbreviation EDISstands for ’External Display’.)

P O R T D D C 1 / 2 / 3 / 4

The ports DDC 1 to 4 (C, G, I and N in figure 82) are versatile ports to connect externaloptical modules and detectors. These ports include a complete CAN-Bus, transmits allrequired remote trigger signals and establishes a complete connection to DDC (DigitalDetector Connection) compatible detectors. (Note that the DDC 4 port can not be usedif a detector is connected to the DDC 4 port inside the spectrometer. In this case, a capis fixed to the DDC 4 port.)

C R , C Y A N D C G L E D S

These LEDs (D, E and F in figure 82) are status and diagnose LEDs for the step scanoption. They indicate the status of the controlling device. (The abbreviation CR standsfor ’Controller Red’, CY for ’Controller Yellow’ and CG for ’Controller Green’.) (Fordetailed information refer to the Step Scan Manual.)

L A S T E S T

The port LAS TEST (H in figure 82) is intended for service and diagnostic purposesonly. Do not connect a device to this port!

C O M 1 P O R T

The COM1 port (J in figure 82) is technically similar to a conventional, PC-compatibleserial port, however, it does not have the complete functionality like serial port of a PC.It is only used for special applications.

E R R L E D

The red ERR LED (K in figure 82) indicates an interferometer error (e.g. a missing lasersignal). As long as this LED lights, data acquisition is not possible. See chapter 7 fortroubleshooting.

F W D L E D

The yellow FWD LED (L in figure 82) indicates the current interferometer mirror move-ment. As long as the interferometer mirror moves forward this yellow LED lights. Duringthe backward movement the LED does not light. Thus, the LED flashes in the rhythm ofthe interferometer mirror forward and backward movement. This rhythm depends on thechosen measurement parameters (e.g. resolution and velocity). (The abbreviation FWDstands for ’forward’.)


. . .

. .E L E C T R O N I C S A N D P O W E R S U P P L YElectronics Panel

T K D L E D

The green TKD LED (M in figure 82) indicates that the interferometer mirror is within thedata acquisition range. Typically, it flashes with twice the frequency and synchronous tothe FWD LED. During data acquisition the light intensity changes to bright green. (Theabbreviation TKD stands for ’take data’.)

L P T 1 P O R T

This parallel port (O in figure 82) is reserved for diagnostic purposes. Do not connectany device to this port! (The abbreviation LPT stands for ’Line Printer’.)

S R L E D A N D S G L E D

These 2 LEDs (red SR LED and green SG LED, P and Q in figure 82) indicate the inter-nal operating state of the spectrometer communication processor. See also chapter 7.(The abbreviation SR stands for ’Status Red’ and SG for ’Status Green’.)

R E S B U T T O N

The spectrometer is equipped with a reset button (R in figure 82) similar to the one youknow from a PC. Pressing this button longer than 1 second resets the spectrometerwithout the need to turn it off. The effect is identical to switching the spectrometer offand on again. In addition, this button can be used to assign an IP address to the spec-trometer. Refer to appendix E.

T X L E D A N D R X L E D

These LEDs (S and T in figure 82) indicate the data transfer between the spectrometerand the data system via the Ethernet connection. In case of the stand-alone configura-tion, the green RX LED signals that the spectrometer receives data. In case the spec-trometer is connected to an Ethernet network, the green RX LED indicates that a datapacket is transmitted on the Ethernet (this does not necessarily mean that the datapacket is destined for the spectrometer!)

The yellow TX LED lights if the spectrometer transmits a data packet. This indicatesthat the spectrometer is accessed by a computer.

Note: Use these LEDs to test the operational reliability of the Ethernet connection.

1 0 B A S E - T E T H E R N E T P O R T

The ETH port (U in figure 82) is primarily used to connect the spectrometer to a com-puter on which the application software (e.g. the OPUS software) is installed. The spec-trometer can be connected either to a 10Base-T intranet or directly to the computerusing a crossover cable (stand-alone configuration). This is a standard cable in whichthe TX and RX lines are cross-linked.


F E L E C T R O N I C S A N D P O W E R S U P P L YPower Supply Panel

VERTEX 70v is factory-configured for stand-alone operation. The IP address is on alabel on the spectrometer rear side. The Ethernet port (ETH) is designed for RJ-45plugs and complies with the 10Base-T standard. Use a CAT 5 cable (SSTP) to realizethe connection; the cable length should not exceed 100 meters. Alternatively, a gatewaycan be used to connect the spectrometer to the internet. In this case a uniqueIP address must be assigned to the spectrometer. For detailed information on how toassign an IP address refer to appendix E.

Note: Keep in mind that the interface speed is 10 Mbit/s. In this case a 100BASE-T connection does not work!

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P O W E R S U P P L Y P A N E L

A

B

C

Figure 83: Power Supply Panel

D


. . .

. .E L E C T R O N I C S A N D P O W E R S U P P L YPower Supply Panel

V O L T A G E S T A T U S L E D S ( + 5 V , + 1 2 V , - 1 2 V )

These LEDs (A in figure 83) indicate the state of the secondary voltages of the electron-ics unit.

Note: A dark power supply LED indicates a major electronics problem.

C A N B U S P O R T

The CAN bus port (B in figure 83) is primarily used to connect external automated units(e.g. sample changer, moving mirror unit, etc.) to the spectrometer. The CAN bus alsoprovides power to these units. Thus, most external units can be operated withoutconnecting them to the power supply. Furthermore, the CAN bus can be used as acommunication link to control these external units via the spectrometer. (Theabbreviation CAN stands for Controller Area Network.)

M A I N S S W I T C H

The mains switch (C in figure 83) is used to switch the spectrometer on and off. Thisswitch interrupts the primary voltage supply.

P R I M A R Y P O W E R R E C E P T A C L E

Connect the supplied power cord to the primary power receptacle at the spectrometerrear side (D in figure 83) as well as to the mains socket outlet.

P O W E R C O R D

Replace the power cord if there are any visible signs of insulation, connectors or cabledamage. Do not repair it! Replace the power cord only with cords rated for at least250VAC, 10A. The cord must have approbation of at least your local authority, UL forUS, CSA for Canada or VDE for Europe.


F E L E C T R O N I C S A N D P O W E R S U P P L YPower Supply Panel


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .FIRMWARE UPDATE G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

The spectrometer firmware needs to be updated in order to make new features (e.g. ahigher scanner velocity) available. It is updated using the FCONF program (FirmwareConfiguration Tool). This program performs automatically all the necessary actions.

The FCONF program facilitates:

• updating the firmware,• restoring a previous firmware version,• backing up the current firmware version,• initializing the firmware (For service purposes only!),• modifying IP settings (See appendix E, section Assigning Network Addresses.),• running a custom script (For service purposes only!).

Firmware updates are typically delivered on CD or by e-mail. If the firmware update hasbeen delivered on a CD start the FCONF program directly from the CD by double-click-ing on the fconf.exe file and proceed as described below. If the firmware update hasbeen delivered via e-mail, store the delivered files into a temporary directory, start theFCONF program by double-clicking on the fconf.exe file and proceed as describedbelow.

After having double-clicked on the fconf.exe file, the following window appears:


G F I R M W A R E U P D A T EUpdating the Firmware

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U P D A T I N G T H E F I R M W A R E

To update the firmware, proceed as follows:

• Activate the Update firmware option button and click on the Next button. The following window appears:

• If there is no reason why another directory (run folder) than the displayed default directory should be specified, accept the default directory by clicking on the Next button. The following window appears:

• In this window you have to specify the spectrometer of which the firmware is to be updated. To do this, activate the Enter custom address option button and enter the corresponding IP address in dotted notation.

Note: In case of a stand-alone operated instrument, the default IP address is 10.10.0.1. If the spectrometer is integrated into a network and therefore the operating company has assigned a different than the default IP address you will find it at the spectrometer rear side. In this case, it is the operating company’s duty to inscribe the IP address on the provided label at the spectrometer rear side.


. . .

. .F I R M W A R E U P D A T EUpdating the Firmware

• After having entered the IP address, check whether the intended spectrometer is addressed by clicking on the Beep button. The addressed spectrometer will beep shortly three times.

• Click on the Next button. The following window will appear:

• Press the Finish button to start the update procedure.

Note: The update procedure may take several minutes, depending on the available bandwidth and the amount of files to be updated.

During the update procedure, a log window is displayed showing all actions performedby the FCONF program. (The log-file is stored in the same directory as the backupfiles.)

At the end of the update procedure, the FCONF program resets the spectrometer (tell-ing it in the log window: Resetting the spectrometer... done.). After a successful spec-trometer initialization, the firmware version is displayed in the log window.


G F I R M W A R E U P D A T ERestoring a previous Firmware Version

After the firmware updating has been completed successfully, the following messageappears:

• Click on the OK button of the message window and on the Close button of the log window.

Note: The delivered Firmware update performs automatically all the actions necessary to properly replace the existing firmware version by the new one. It also generates automatically backup information to allow the restoration of the previous firmware version, in case the new firmware version does not ensure a trouble-free operation. For information on how to restore a previous firmware version refer to the next section.

Note: In case of error during the update procedure, the FCONF program terminates the procedure and proposes to restore the previous firmware version.

R E S T O R I N G A P R E V I O U S F I R M W A R E

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V E R S I O N

Restoring a previous firmware version is only possible if an update has been performedfrom that PC before.

To restore the previous firmware version, proceed as follows:

• Activate the Restore previous firmware option button and click on the Next button. The following window appears:


. . .

. .F I R M W A R E U P D A T EBacking up the current Firmware Version

• The FCONF program asks you to select the directory containing the backup information of the last firmware version (previous run folder). By default, this directory is displayed automatically.

Note: If you click on the View Log button a log window appears displaying detailed information about the last update including errors, warnings or other irregularities.

• Press on the Next button.

• In the next window you are asked to specify a directory for the backup files of the restoration procedure. It is recommended to accept the directory proposed by the FCONF program.

• The rest of the restoration procedure is identical to the update procedure described above.

B A C K I N G U P T H E C U R R E N T F I R M W A R E

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V E R S I O N

To backup the current firmware version, proceed as follows:

• Activate the Backup current firmware option button and click on the Next button.

• The following backup procedure is identical to the update procedure described above.


G F I R M W A R E U P D A T EBacking up the current Firmware Version


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SAMPLE PREPARATION H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N

Proper sample preparation is crucial to obtain good and meaningful spectra. This sec-tion describes several sample preparation technique that cover a wide range of sam-ples. It will give you some help in choosing the most suitable sample preparationtechnique for a given sample.

The adequate sample preparation technique depends on the state of aggregation andthe spectral absorptivity of the sample. Regardless of the state of aggregation, the sam-ple material has to be homogeneous because variations in concentration or compositionwithin the sample area to be analyzed can result in misleading or erroneous data.Sometimes the trial-and-error procedure is required to obtain an acceptable spectrum.

State o f Aggregat ionDepending on the state of aggregation of the sample, there are different sample prepa-ration and measurement techniques. If you have to analyze a solid sample you caneither prepare a solution, a Nujol mull or a KBr pellet. Liquid samples can be analyzedeither as a thin film between plates or in a liquid cell. Gaseous samples require dedi-cated cells with different path lengths.

Absorpt iv i ty The absorptivity of the sample is a critical factor in choosing a suitable sample prepara-tion method. To get a meaningful spectrum of a strongly absorbing sample, the samplehas to be either:

• very thin or • diluted by a solvent or powder that is not strongly absorbing.

According to Beer’s Law, the absorbance (i.e. peak intensity) in an absorbance spec-trum is directly proportional to the component concentration in the sample, pathlength ofthe sample and the absorptivity.

A εbC=


H S A M P L E P R E P A R A T I O NGeneral Information

If the absorbance A (i.e. peak intensity) is too strong, decrease the sample concentra-tion C by diluting it or diminish the pathlength b by reducing the sample thickness. If theabsorbance A (i.e. peak intensity) is too weak, increase the sample concentration C orthe pathlength b correspondingly to obtain a reasonable peak intensity.

To find out whether a sample is strongly absorbing in the wavelength range of interestor not you have to acquire a test transmission spectrum. The figure below shows atransmission spectrum of a strongly absorbing sample.

Symbol Description Typical Units

A Absorbance at a given wavelength None

ε Molar absorptivity (a proportionality constant) l . mol-1. cm-1

bPathlength of the sample (cell length for sam-ples in a cell or sample thickness for films,pressed pellets)

cm

C Component concentration in the sample mol/l)

Figure 84: Transmission Spectrum of a strongly absorbing Sample

Regions of total Absortion


. . .

. .S A M P L E P R E P A R A T I O NSample Preparation Techniques

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S A M P L E P R E P A R A T I O N T E C H N I Q U E S

There is a large number of possible sample preparation techniques. For lack of space,however, not all possible techniques can be described in detail in this chapter. There-fore, we restrict our explanations only to the most common techniques. (For moredetailed information about this topic refer to the relevant specialist literature1.) More-over, we give you a general guideline for choosing the adequate sample preparationtechnique.

To find the most adequate method we recommend trying several sample preparationtechniques and acquiring spectral data. On the basis of these data, you can assesswhich sample preparation technique is the most suitable one for your application. Incase of doubt ask your application specialist.

Some of the most common sample preparation techniques are:

• No sample preparation (e.g. self supporting film or measurement using a micro-ATR accessory)

• Thin film of liquid sample solution between two IR-transparent2 plates• Preparing a solution• Preparing a Nujol mull3

• Pressing a KBr pellet• Liquid cell and gas cell

Note: Most of the described sample preparation techniques involve the use of hygroscopic materials (such as NaCl or KBr), i.e. if these materials come in contact with water or alcoholic solvents, they begin to dissolve or become cloudy and thus, impair the measurement results. Therefore, avoid all sources of water and even alcohols (ethanol and methanol).

No Sample Preparat ionThe easiest samples to analyze are film and polymer samples with a thickness of lessthan approx. 100 micrometers. They can be simply placed in a magnetic holder andimmediately scanned. The same procedure can be used for samples which can besliced to an appropriate thickness.

A large number of solid and liquid samples can also be analyzed without requiring apreparation using a micro-ATR accessory. Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) units area very versatile accessory for FT-IR measurements. In many cases, the micro-ATR unitcan be used for liquid and semi-liquid materials instead of the constant path transmis-

1. e.g. Günzler, Helmut / Gremlich, Hans-Ulrich (2002): IR Spectroscopy - An Introduction. Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag.

2. i.e. IR-transparent within the frequency range of interest3. A mull is a mixture (more precisely a suspension) of two substances, one of which (i.e. the sample)

is finely divided and dispersed in the other (e.g. the paraffin oil Nujol).


H S A M P L E P R E P A R A T I O NSample Preparation Techniques

sion cells and the salt plates. In addition, this measurement accessory can also be usedfor analyzing polymer films, pastes and powders. Due to the reproducible effective path-length, they are well suited for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Depending onthe sample material and the objective of the analysis, there are different ATR-crystalmaterials (e.g. ZnS, ZnSe, Ge and diamond). The sample penetration depth rangesbetween 0.1 and 2µm and depends on the wavelength, the refractive index of the ATR-crystal material and the incidence angle of the beam. (For more information aboutattenuated total reflectance refer to the respective specialist literature.)

Thin F i lm between two P la tesPreparing a thin film of a liquid sample between two IR-transparent plates is an easysample preparation method. Choose this method if your sample is either a liquid or anoil. An advantage of this method is that only a small amount of the sample is required.

• Apply a drop of the sample on one of the plates using a pipet.• Place a second plate on the top and make a quarter turn to obtain a nice even film

of the liquid sample. Sandwich the plates carefully together to remove all air bubbles. Note that these plates are very fragile and can break easily. (The space between the two plates is very small (typically < 0.01mm).

• If the sample amount proved to be too much, separate the plates, wipe one side clean and fit the plates together again.

• Slot the plates in the sample holder of the spectrometer and start the measurement.

Note: The plates (made of NaCl or KBr) are extremely moisture sensitive. Therefore, do not use samples that contain water, keep the plates always dry, clean them only with chloroform or high purity acetone and polish them carefully after each use. In the course of time they will absorb moisture from the atmosphere and deteriorate. Therefore, proper storage (e.g. in an exicator) is extremely important.

So l id Sample as Solut ionUse this sample preparation method if your sample is a soluble solid (e.g. a solublepowder). To obtain an IR spectrum, you have to prepare a concentrated solution of yoursample using a suitable solvent. The concentration of the solution needed for a goodspectrum depends on the sample.

• Dissolve the sample or sample powder in a solvent and apply the sample solution between two support plates, as described above. Depending on the available amount of sample material you can either apply a small amount of your sample powder directly on the plate and add one drop of the solution or dissolve the sample in a test tube and apply the solution with a pipet on the plate.

• A second variant is to apply the sample solution on an IR-transparent plate and allow the solvent to evaporate leaving a thin sample film on the plate. Then, slot the plate in the sample holder of the spectrometer and start the measurement.


. . .


• A third variant is to fill the sample solution in a liquid cell and acquire a sample spectrum. To acquire a background spectrum measure the liquid cell containing only the solvent. The volumes of these liquid cells are between 0.1 and 1ml. Microcells with a much lower capacity are also available.

• Do not forget to acquire a background spectrum from the solvent as well.

Note: The plates (made of NaCl or KBr) are extremely moisture sensitive. (See above.)

The major problem in preparing a solution is choosing an appropriate solvent. Most sol-vents have a strong absorptivity and so their absorption bands will superimpose thoseof the solute. Therefore, you have to ensure that the used solvent is not stronglyabsorbing in the wavelength range of interest. Use only spectrophotometrically pure sol-vents and solvents that are not infrared active in the spectral region of interest.

No solvent is perfect but if some information about the sample is known, the solvent canbe chosen accordingly. Commonly used solvents are carbon tetrachloride, carbon disul-phide, chloroform, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, and tetrachloroethylene. Never use wateras solvent because, firstly, it will dissolve the salt plates and secondly, it exhibits abroad OH-peak. Consult the relevant reference books for the absorptivity of the varioussolvents.

Prepar ing a Mul lThis sample preparation method is suitable if the solid sample can be ground into fineparticles but a suitable solvent is not available. In this case the sample powder is sus-pended in a mulling agent (i.e. a liquid in that the solid is not soluble). A suitable mullingagent is Nujol, a paraffin oil, which is transparent in the infrared region, except for nar-row bands at 2900, 1450 and 1375cm-1. (An alternative mulling agent, which does notabsorb in these regions, is a perfluorokerosene, such as Fluorolube.)

The advantage of this technique is that it is a relatively quick and simple procedure. Thedisadvantage is the interference resulting from the absorption bands of the mullingagent. (Both Nujol and Fluorolube have characteristic spectral features and in mostcases have to be used as a pair in order to generate a complete MIR spectrum. Nujol isused below 1330cm-1, Fluorolube above 1330cm-1.)

• Put a small amount of your solid sample in an agate mortar.• Grind the sample thoroughly into fine powder (particles smaller than 500 mesh)

using a pestle.

Note: A common mistake when preparing a Nujol mull is to spend too little time grinding the powder. Note that a mull prepared from a coarsely ground solid will yield only a poorly resolved spectrum. Grinding the sample into very fine particles is also important to reduce light scattering and salt plate scratching.



• Add 1 or 2 drops of Nujol. Be careful not to add too much Nujol. • Mix the ground sample with the mulling agent until a uniform paste with a

vaseline-like consistency is formed.• Apply some mull on the surface of a NaCl plate using a suitable tool (e.g. a small

spatula or a rubber policeman). Be careful not to scratch the plate.• Place the second plate over the mull. To ensure an even and thin sample

thickness between the plates, rotate and press the plates together in order to squeeze out the excess of the paste. Exclude also air bubbles.

• Slot the plates in the plate holder installed in the spectrometer sample compartment and start the measurement.

• Do not forget to acquire also a background spectrum of the pur Nujol.

Press ing a KBr Pe l le tThis sample preparation technique is very suitable for solid samples in terms of theinformation yield from an IR spectrum because KBr is significantly more IR transparentthan most solvents or Nujol oil. KBr has no absorption in the region 4000cm-1 to250cm-1 so that a good sample spectrum (i.e. a spectrum that does not contain spectralinformation about the dispersing agent) is obtained.

The success of this technique strongly depends on the grain size of the ground sample.Grind the sample as fine as possible (particle size of at least 200 mesh, better 500mesh) to minimize the infrared light scattering on the particle surface, also called Chris-tiansen effect. This effect is caused by a refraction index mismatch between the salt(KBr) and the sample powder that leads to reflections at the salt-sample interface.Therefore, proper grinding is required to ensure a good contact between KBr and sam-ple powder and to minimize the portion of the reflected light.

Another important factor in this technique is to keep everything moisture free as the KBrmaterial is hygroscopic. To prevent the KBr material from absorbing moisture, keep theKBr material and the die in a drying oven at a temperature of 50 to 60°C. Failure to doso will result in cloudy pellets that yield distorted spectra. A correctly prepared KBr pel-let will be transparent to IR light.

To sum it up, the KBr-pellet technique yields good quality spectra with a wide spectralrange and no interfering peaks. Disadvantages include tedious and time consumingsample preparation and cleanup, interference of water bands (3,960 to 3,480cm-1 and1,950 to 1,300cm-1 and below 500cm-1) and in same cases structural changes causedby high pressure applied to the KBr/sample mix.

• Put a small amount of the sample in an agate mortar and grind it up as fine as possible.

• Add a spatula full of oven-dry KBr material to the ground sample and mix it until a uniform mixture is obtained. Do not grind the mixture as this may increase the absorption of water by KBr.


. . .


Note: A common mistake is to use to much sample. The concentration of the sample in KBr should be in the range of 0.2% to 1% (i.e. typically a 300:1 dilution by mass).

• Transfer the mixture into a die of a hydraulic or hand press and subject it to very high pressure (ca. 20,000 psi) for a few minutes (2 to 5 minutes). The result should be a translucent pellet with an ideal thickness of 0.5 to 1mm.

• Carefully remove the pellet from the die, place it in the pellet holder and put the pellet holder in the spectrometer sample compartment.

Note: The KBr pellet is very hygroscopic and fragile. Handle it with care and use gloves to avoid contact with moisture from your hands. Measure the KBr pellet immediately after removing it from the press as the pellet will fairly rapidly begin to absorb moisture from the air and becomes cloudy.

L iqu id Cel lLiquid cells produce excellent results for most liquids. Especially for liquid samples thatare very volatile, using a liquid cell is highly recommended. A liquid cell consists of twoIR transparent windows with a precision spacer in between. One of the windows hastwo drilled holes for the introduction and evacuation of the liquid. A large number of celloptions are available including permanently sealed cells, demountable cells with differ-ent window material and a wide selection of spacers.

Note: Take into consideration that KBr is hygroscopic and the pathlength of the KBr cell will change when exposed to a ‘wet’ sample (this may affect quantitative results). In addition, water will reduce the cell throughput by clouding the windows. Note that many liquid cells contribute a fringe pattern to the spectrum. Matching the refraction index of the window material with that of the sample can minimize this effect.

Gas Cel lTo obtain an infrared spectrum of a gaseous sample a gas cell with windows at eachend is required. It is important to select a suitable window material (e.g. KBr, NaCl, orCaF2) that does not absorb infrared light. The cell usually has an inlet and outlet portwith a tap to facilitate the filling with the gas to be analyzed. Simple demountable cells(50 mm to 100 mm) are recommended for samples in a 5 - 10% concentration range.For diluted samples (ppm to ppb concentrations) a long path cell should be used. Thelong path cell reflects the IR beam several times through the sample using a set of mir-rors positioned on the opposite ends of the cell. Note that the cell thickness, the pres-sure of the gas (proportional to concentration) inside the cell, and the molar absorptivitydetermine the peak intensity.




. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SERVICE ADDRESSES I

Bruker Optik has an international network of branch offices and representations toensure worldwide a competent customer service. Below the addresses of the Brukerheadquarters are listed.

For a complete list with the addresses and telephone numbers of the Bruker branchoffices and representations worldwide refer to the internet: http://www. brukerop-tics.com/contacts/worldwide.html

No responsibility can be taken for the correctness of this information. Subject to change.

North AmericaBruker Optics Inc19 Fortune DriveBillerica, MA 01821USA

Phone: +1-978-439-9899 (ext. 5227)Fax: +1-978-663 [email protected]

EuropeBruker Optik GmbHRudolf-Plank-Str. 2776275 EttlingenGermany

Phone: +49 7243/504-619 / -600Fax: +49 7243/[email protected]

AsiaBruker Optik Asia Pacific Ltd.Unit 505, 6/F, Tower IIIEnterprise Square No. 9Sheung Yuet RoadHong Kong

Phone: +852 2796 6100Fax: +852 2796 [email protected]


I S E R V I C E A D D R E S S E S

VERTEX 70v User Manual

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .INDEX

Numerics10Base-T Ethernet network 117, 11810Base-T Ethernet port 98, 12710Base-T Ethernet standard 7, 12, 98

AAAR 5, 33, 35ACR 5, 47, 50, 66Air humidity content 43, 95Aperture wheel 29Automatic accessory recognition 5, 35Automatic component recognition 5, 47,50, 66Automation diagnostics page 82, 88

BBeam direction control compartment 19Beam path 106Beamsplitter 25, 28, 29, 47, 50, 90, 93,94, 97

Color coding of the handle 28Exchange procedure 49Handling instructions 48Operating position 47Spectral range 28Storage position 47

CCAN bus port 23, 24, 96, 129CAT 5 cable 98, 128CG LED 84, 126COM1 port 126Computer network interface card 12Connection topology 116

Connecting VERTEX 70v and PC to anetwork 117

Connecting VERTEX 70v to a networkcomputer 118

For stand-alone operation 116CR LED 126Crossover cable 7, 12, 98, 127CY LED 84, 126

DData cable 7, 12, 115DDC ports 126Detector 25, 26, 28, 29, 50, 87, 90, 93,102

Exchange procedure 51Operating temperature 26Sensitivity 26Spectral range 26

Detector compartment 19, 50, 52Detector dewar 56Detector diagnostics page 83Diagnostic LEDs 75Diagnostics page 75, 80DLaTGS detector 26, 51

EEDIS port 126Electronics 87, 102Electronics compartment 19Electronics diagnostics page 81Electronics panel 23, 24, 125Electronics unit 129Electrostatic discharges 57ERR LED 84, 93, 97, 126Ethernet 24, 98Ethernet connection 5Ethernet network 83, 127Ethernet port 11, 98, 127, 128Evacuating valve 13, 37Evacuation time 41

FFCONF program 120, 131FIR source 26Firmware 120, 131

Backing up the current version 135Modifying IP settings 120Restoring a previous version 134Updating the firmware 132

Flaps 6, 37, 45, 69, 71, 85, 91Controlling 45


I n d e x

FusesReplacement procedure 68

FWD LED 126

GGas cell 139, 143Gaseous sample 137Globar 26

HHeNe laser 103

IInlet port 5, 22, 24, 26, 29Instrument status message 75, 79, 88Interferogram 75Interferometer 28, 87, 90, 102Interferometer compartment 19Internet 117Intranet 117IP address 12, 99, 123, 127, 128IP addresses

for the stand-alone configuration 119IR beam port 22, 23, 85IR-transparent plate 139, 140

KKBr pellet 137, 139, 142, 143

LLAS TEST port 126Laser 19, 25, 28, 61, 86, 88, 93, 97, 102

Parameter reset 64Replacement procedure 61Safety notes 61

Laser beam 86, 87, 97Laser diagnostics page 64, 80Laser LED 21, 61, 77, 86, 87, 93, 97Laser power supply unit 61Laser tube 86, 87, 97Liquid cell 139, 143Liquid nitrogen 52, 55, 93

Safety notes 55Liquid sample 137LPT1 Port 127

MMAC address 121

Mains switch 11, 23, 24, 31, 68, 96, 129MCT detector 26, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 87,90, 95

Cooling procedure 55Evacuation procedure 59

Measurement parameters 105MIR source 25, 26, 66, 103MPE port 96

NNetwork 116Network interface card 118, 119NIR source 25, 26, 66, 103Noise reduction hood 8, 15Nujol mull 137, 139, 141

OOptical path 29OQ test 57, 94Outlet port 5, 22, 29OVP 94OVP software 57OVP test 75, 77, 78, 94

PPeak position 95Photometric accuracy 101Power 101Power cord 7, 11, 96, 129Power supply

Frequency range 10Voltage range 10

Power supply connector 19Power supply panel 128Power supply unit 94, 96PQ test 94Pressure sensor 6Primary power receptacle 11, 23, 24, 129Primary voltage supply 129Purge gas 33

Degree of dryness 44Flow rate 44Maximum pressure 44

Purge gas connection 33Purge gas hose 7Purge gas inlet 15, 16, 24


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .INDEX

QQuickLock 25, 33, 34

Inserting a QuickLock accessory 34Removing a QuickLock accessory 34

RReset button 24, 98, 127Residual water vapor 41RJ-45 connection 98RX LED 83, 98, 127

SSample compartment 19, 21, 33, 102

Dimensions 110Sample compartment windows 28, 50, 69,94

Chemical properties 70Handling instructions 70Refraction index 70Replacement procedure 71Safety notes 70Transmission range 70

Sample holder 25Sample preparation 137Sample preparation techniques 139Sample spectrum 141Sanner diagnostics page 81Scan speed 101SG LED 83, 127Site requirements

Environmental requirements 9Humidity 9Power supply 10Space requirements 9Temperature range 9Vibration 10

Solid sample 137, 140Source 26, 28, 31, 89, 93, 94

Parameter reset 68Replacement procedure 66Safety notes 66

Source diagnostics page 68, 80Spectral range 101Spectral resolution 101Spectrometer

Connecting the vacuum pump 13Connecting to a PC 12Connecting to the power supply 11Connecting to the purge gas supply 15Evacuating procedure 36Initialization 21, 77, 86, 87, 96, 98Purging 43Rear side 23Switching-on/off-procedure 31Venting procedure 36

Spectrometer status indicator 75SR LED 83, 98, 123, 127Stand-alone configuration 123, 127Status indicator board 19, 20, 76Status LED 12, 21, 31, 32, 77, 86, 96Step scan option 126

TTemperature range 101Time-resolved measurement 126TKD LED 127Tool kit 7Transport handles 8TRG port 126TX LED 83, 98, 127

UUV source 26

VVacuum 102Vacuum LED 20, 76, 85Vacuum pump 6, 8, 9, 13, 15, 32, 73, 85Vacuum pump connection port 13, 19, 23,24Valve block 13Vent opening 13, 23, 24


I n d e x

Venting valve 13, 37, 85Vibration absorber 8, 15VIS source 26Voltage status LED 68, 83, 87, 94, 96, 98,129

WWavenumber accuracy 101



Documents

Manual Vertex 70vs