CULTURE, GLOBAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN NURSINGBY :M. ASKAR,
S.KEP,NS.,M.KESKEY CONCEPTOrganizing phenomena o !"#$"reC"#$"ra##%
&en&i$i'e !areG#o(a# hea#$h organiza$ionDemographi! an)
&o!io!"#$"ra# 'aria$ion& o )i'er&e
gro"p&*aria$ion& in (io#ogi!a#, &o!ia#, en'ironmen$a#,
an) !omm"ni!a$ion& phenomenaE)"!a$ion, pra!$i!e, an)
re&ear!h i&&"e& $ha$ in#"en!e !"#$"ra##% !ompe$en$
!areWHY STUDY CULTURE IN NURSING?CULTURAL MINORITY POPULATIONS1990S
= 2!2010 = "0!20#0 = #0!ETHNOCENTRISM THE BELIE$ THAT ONES
CULTURAL, ETHNIC, OR PRO$ESSIONAL GROUP IS SUPERIOR TO THAT O$
OTHERS.STEREOTYPINGAN E%PECTATION THAT ALL PEOPLE WITHIN THE SAME
RACIAL, ETHNIC, OR CULTURAL GROUP ACT ALIKE AND SHARE THE SAME
BELIE$S AND ATTITUDES.USUALLY RESULTS IN LABELING.ACCULTURATION
&S. ASSIMILATION ACCULTURATION IS THE PROCESS O$ ADAPTING TO
AND ADOPTING A NEW CULTURE. ASSIMILATION RESULTS WHEN AN
INDI&IDUAL GI&ES UP HIS OR HER ETHNIC IDENTITY IN $A&OR
O$ THE DOMINANT CULTURE.ORGANI'ING PHENOMENA O$CULTURE
COMMUNICATION SPACE SOCIAL ORGANI'ATION TIME EN&IRONMENTAL
CONTROL BIOLOGICAL &ARIATIONS.COMMUNICATION THE WAY BY WHICH
ONE PERSON INTERACTS WITH ANOTHER THROUGH WRITTEN OR ORAL LANGUAGE,
GESTURES, $ACIAL E%PRESSIONS, AND BODY LANGUAGE. CULTURE IN$LUENCES
HOW $EELINGS ARE E%PRESSED AND THE TYPE O$ &ERBAL AND
NON(&ERBAL E%PRESSIONS THAT ARE APPROPRIATE. LANGUAGE, SILENCE,
EYE CONTACTCOMMUNICATION WITH &ERBAL COMMUNICATION, PROBLEMS
MAY OCCUR BECAUSE WORDS HA&E DI$$ERENT MEANINGS WITHIN
DI$$ERENT CULTURAL CONTE%TS. NON&ERBAL COMMUNICATION CONSISTS
O$ BODY LANGUAGE, THE USE O$ SILENCE, AND EYE CONTACT.SPACE CULTURE
USUALLY DETERMINES THE AMOUNT O$ SOCIAL DISTANCE TOLERATED BY A
PERSON. DI&ERSE GROUPS ALSO HA&E &ARYING NORMS $OR USE
O$ TOUCH.TOUCH MAY BE PERCEI&ED AS IN&ASI&E BY CLIENTS
$ROM SOME CULTURES.TIME ORIENTATION PAST OR PRESENT OR $UTURE
ORIENTED I$ PAST ORIENTED, MAY &ALUE TRADITION AND THE WAY THEY
HA&E ALWAYS DONE THINGS.MAY BE RELUCTANT TO TRY NEW PROCEDURES.
I$ PRESENT ORIENTED, TEND TO $OCUS ON THE HERE AND NOW.MAY BE
RELATI&ELY UNCONCERNED WITH THE $UTURE, DEAL WITH IT WHEN IT
COMES.SOCIAL ORGANI'ATION RE$ERS TO THE WAYS IN WHICH GROUPS
DETERMINE RULES O$ ACCEPTABLE BEHA&IOR AND ROLES O$
INDI&IDUAL MEMBERS. $AMILY MAY ASSUME GREATER IMPORTANCE THAN
THE INDI&IDUAL IN MANY CULTURES. E%AMPLE:IN NATI&E AMERICAN
TRIBES, THE E%TENDED $AMILY IS THE BASIC $AMILY STRUCTURE.SOCIAL
ORGANI'ATION GENDER ROLES &ARY ACCORDING TO CULTURAL
CONTE%T.SOME CULTURES HA&E &ERY DISTINCT ROLES $OR MALE
&S. $EMALE. RELIGIOUS BELIE$S ALSO IN$LUENCE A PERSONS RESPONSE
TO MA)OR E&ENTS SUCH AS BIRTH, ILLNESS, AND
DEATH.EN&IRONMENTAL CONTROL RE$ERS TO THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
PEOPLE AND NATURE AND TO A PERSONS PERCEI&ED ABILITY TO CONTROL
ACTI&ITIES O$ NATURE DE$INITION O$ HEALTH CAUSATI&E $ACTORS
O$ ILLNESSBIOLOGIC &ARIATIONS DIETARY PRACTICES*PRE$ERENCES
INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASEPRO&IDING CULTURALLY
SENSITI&E CARE SEL$(AWARENESS + NEED TO RECOGNI'E OWN
STEREOTYPES, BIASES, AND PRE)UDGMENTS ABOUT CLIENTS WHO ARE
CULTURALLY DI$$ERENT. NON)UDGMENTAL ATTITUDE IS ESSENTIAL IN
PRO&IDING CULTURALLY SENSITI&E CARE. EDUCATION MUST BE
RELE&ANT TO CLIENTS NEEDS AND PRO&IDED IN CULTURALLY
SENSITI&E MANNER.GLOBAL HEALTH ORGANI'ATIONS UNITED NATIONS
,UN- WORLD HEALTH ORGANI'ATION ,WHO- UNITED NATIONS CHILDRENS $UND
,UNICE$- INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL O$ NURSES ,ICN-UNITED NATIONS ,UN-
TO MAINTAIN INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY TO $OSTER
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SOL&ING ECONOMIC, SOCIAL,
CULTURAL, AND HUMANITARIAN PROBLEMS AND IN PROMOTING RESPECT $OR
HUMAN RIGHTS AND $UNDAMENTAL $REEDOMS TO BE A CENTER $OR
HARMONI'ING THE ACTIONS O$ NATIONS IN ATTAINING THESE COMMON
ENDSWHO$OUR MA)OR $UNCTIONS:1. TO GI&E WORLDWIDE GUIDANCE IN
THE $IELD O$ HEALTH2. TO SET GLOBAL STANDARDS $OR HEALTH". TO
COOPERATE WITH GO&ERNMENTS IN STRENGTHENING NATIONAL HEALTH
PROGRAMS.. TO DE&ELOP AND TRANS$ER APPROPRIATE HEALTH
TECHNOLOGY, IN$ORMATION AND STANDARDSUNICE$ PRIMARY OB)ECTI&E
IS TO PRO&IDE SUPPORT $OR THE WORLDS MOST DISAD&ANTAGED
CHILDREN WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION MA)OR $OCUS IS WORLDWIDE PROBLEM O$
MALNUTRITIONICN GOALS: BRING NURSES TOGETHER WORLDWIDE AD&ANCE
NURSES AND NURSING WORLDWIDE IN$LUENCE HEALTH
POLICYWWW.ICN.CH*ABOUTICN.HTM ,ICNS MISSION, &ISION, AND
&ISION $OR THE $UTURE O$ NURSING STATEMENTS-PRO*IDINGCULTURALLY
APPROPRIATE NURSING CARE INHERENT IN NURSING IS RESPECT +OR LI+E,
DIGNITY AND RIGHTSO+,AN-ITISUNRESTRICTEDBY
CONSIDERATIONSO+NATIONALITY,RACE,CREED, COLOUR, AGE, SE., POLITICS
OR SOCIAL STATUS- THENURSE,INPRO*IDINGCARE,PRO,OTESAN
EN*IRON,ENTIN/HICHTHE*ALUES,CUSTO,SAND SPIRITUAL BELIE+S O+ THE
INDI*IDUAL ARE RESPECTED-
CONTD/Ea!h regi&$ere) n"r&ei& a!!o"n$a(#e or hi&
or herpra!$i!e, an), in $he e0er!i&e o proe&&iona#
a!!o"n$a(i#i$% &ha## $a1e a!!o"n$ o $he !"&$om&,
'a#"e& an) &piri$"a# (e#ie& o pa$ien$&2
!#ien$&- In)i'i)"a#ize) program& o n"r&ing !are are
)e&igne) $o a!!ommo)a$e $he p&%!ho#ogi!a#, &o!ia#,
!"#$"ra# an) &piri$"a# nee)& o !#ien$&, a& 3e##
a& $heir (io#ogi!a# nee)&-Pro'i)ing!"#$"ra##% appropria$e
n"r&ing !are !an (e 'er% !ha##enging, re4"iring m"!h $ho"gh$
an) !aring !on!ern, an) a 3i##ingne&& $o #earn rom
$ho&e 3e n"r&e-
No$ on#% n"r&e& m"&$ (e a 3are o $he !#ien$&
!"#$"ra#poin$ o 'ie3 hi& re#a$ion $o $he #ie, $o rea#ize
hi& 'i&ion o hi& 3or#), ("$ (e 3i##ing $o #oo1 a$
hea#$h nee)& an) pro(#em& in ne3 3a%&, p#anning
n"r&ing in$er'en$ion& $ha$ are !"#$"ra##% a!!ep$a(#e an)
meaning"# $o $he !#ien$C0123/HEALTH DISPARITIESLie e0pe!$an!% or
3hi$e& i& 56-7 %ear&8 or Ari!an9Ameri!an&, :;-:
%ear&Ca"&e& o )ea$h or minori$%
gro"p&Can!erCar)io'a&!"#ar )i&ea&e an)
&$ro1eChemi!a# )epen)en!%Dia(e$e&Homi!i)e& an)
a!!i)en$&Inan$ mor$a#i$%REASONS FOR CULTURAL
COMPETENCEN"r&e
