Maths Teaching Through Stories.2

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Original Story (English)Happy Maths - 2Shapes and Data by Mala KumarPratham Books, 2007

First Edition 2007

Illustrations: Angie & Upesh

ISBN 978-81-8263-907-2

Registered Of ce:PRATHAM BOOKSNo.633/634, 4th C Main,6th B Cross, OMBR Layout, Banaswadi,Bangalore- 560043.&080 - 25429726 / 27 / 28

Regional Of ces:Mumbai &022 - 65162526New Delhi &011 - 65684113

This seri es is sponsored by Pals for Life


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San hya and Ganith have been learning a lot o thingsin their mathematics class.

Join San hya and Ganith in theirhappy discoveries about mathematics.


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San hya li es to s ip. The last time her brother Ganith counted,

she s ipped a hundred and ten times in ve minutes!Ganith tried it too.

He s ipped thirty timestripped and ell down.

Its un to count sometimes.Numbers are just one part o mathematics.

This boo tells you how you can play with mathematics.You see it can be un almost all the time.


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The Funny Cric et Ground

Hello, my name is Zzero.And this is my friend, Eka. That makes two of us.

With you for company, we will be three. And if you get all

your friends to join us. why we can be a cricket team,or a hockey team or even the entire stadium of footballfans, or. That reminds me, I have to be at the cricketmatch between Aryanagar and Bhaskaragram. You see,Im the Umpire! I hope you will help me keep count.


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At Aryanagar, rules eep changing.Ashwin, the tallest ellow in Aryanagar wants a square eld.

Little Meenu wants a small, circular eld.

Samir, the strongest boy in Aryanagar wants a large,

pentagon shaped eld.


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Draw cric et elds in di erent shapes. Do all these shapes1.have names?

I you had to have a cric et ground with straight lines as2.boundaries, what is the smallest number o straight linesthat you would require to orm a eld?

I a batsman hits a boundary, he gets our runs. I you were3. a batsman, what shape o eld would you li e to play on?Why?

In a circular eld, the stumps on either end o the pitch are4.

65m rom the boundary. The pitch is 20m long. Would yoube able to tell how long the rope o the boundary shouldbe?


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Try This

In a circle, the centre O is equidistantfrom every point on the circle.

Pitch length = 20m

Radius of circle=10m + 65m = 75m

Circumference of a circle is given by the formula -

Circumference = 2 r

Whats ?

Pi is a value. When you divide the circumference of a circle byits diameter, you always get 22/7.

Take any circle. Measure its circumference. Measure itsdiameter. Divide the circumference by its diameter.Answer = 22/7.

A

B

What if I take a BIG Try it, E a, or ta e a tiny

O

65m

10m


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Floor Designs

San hya was ma ing a rangoli on the foor.

Ganith did not li e it. A a, why do you always ma e rangolisthat loo li e jalebis? See, I will ma e a new rangoli.

Ganith made some straight lines on the mud foor.

San hya giggled. Your rangoli loo s li e a lot o bric s. I dontli e that.


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Ganith went around the garden and brought a huge mound o fowers or her to decorate the rangoli with.

San hya started eeping the fowers on the inner square.Four fowers tted side-by-side on one side o the inside square.


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No, no, Z ze ro.

2 D s t a nd s fo r t wo

d i me n s io n s. Le n g t h, a n

d he i g h t

a nd w id t h a re a l l d i me

n s io n s.

We u se t he m to me a s u re t

he

s i ze o f a n o b jec t.

Zzeros Chatter

So 3D means threedimensions!

ZZero, do you knowwhat 2D and 3D mean?

Ar e t he y t he c l asse s i n w hi c h N e e l a and S ur e sh st ud y , E k a?


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So Much In ormation!

Todays weather - warm and sunny throughout the day, heavyrain expected in the evening, said a stylish newsreader ontelevision.

You better carry your umbrella, San hya, cautioned Amma.I thin Ill cut the grass in the bac yard tomorrow, saidFather.

Im going to ma e paper boats o all inds. Yippee! dancedGanith.


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Data

Data is nothing but in ormation.

Actually, the singular o data is datum. Funny word!We use data to orm opinions, to ma e arrangements, to organisematters and to in orm others.

San hya and her amily used the data rom the news on televisionto organise their time. Mathematical data is very use ul too.

We use mathematical data, also called statistics, in many ways.


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San hya li es writing tests. Her mar s indicatewhether she has learnt her lessons well.When she gets above average mar sshe eels happy.

But what does average mean?

Lets see. These are the mar s out o 100 that San hya and her19 classmates got in the last mathematics examination.

74, 65, 35, 57, 59, 53, 44, 88, 97, 33, 86, 88, 88, 45, 61, 79, 88,56, 57, 67.

WhatsAverage ?


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San hya is Con used

In the Class 10 Board examinations, 50% o students havepassed. 10% o students who have passed are rom the Urbancentres in the State. While 80% o girls who have passed have

scored rst class mar s only 70 % o boys have secured rstclass. .. San hya read rom the days newspaper.

How did the newspaper get so much in ormation in one day?No one came to Aryanagar to nd out. So how do they now how

the boys and girls in our school have ared in the examinations?as ed a very con used San hya.

Forget that, San hi, come here and help me sort these answer-sheets, requested Amma.

Per cent comes f r om the Latin Per Centum. Centum means 100. Per centage means number of par ts per hundr ed . T he sy mbol f or per centage is %.50% means

50 out of 100.


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San hyas mother is a geography teacher in AryanagarVidyamandir.

Put all Class 5 papers here, Class 4 papers in this pile, andClass 6 papers here.Mother and daughter counted the number o answer copiesin each class. San hya spent the day helping her mother to llup the record boo that had columns or Name, Mar s and


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Now, lets go bac to the newspaper.

Schools send their lists with the names o students to a Central

Board. A ter the papers are corrected, the Central Board ma esa list with the names o all the students and their mar s.

People called Analysts or Statisticians read this in ormation,understand it, and write it in the orm o tables so that we can

understand the in ormation easily. The table is given to newspapers, television channels and to allthe schools in the country immediately.

Over 6,00,000 students wrote the Class 10 examinations in the

CBSE Board in 2006.And la hs o students must have written the Class 10 exams o other Boards too, isnt it ? as ed San hya.

CENTRAL

BOARD


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Yes, San hya. Now call Ganith and Ill teach you how to ma erotis.

San hyas roti loo ed li e this. (An Oblong)


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I the ull roti represents the 100 percent o students who1.too up the Class X CBSE examination, what part o the

roti would represent the pass percentage?Students write examinations either in Urban Centres or2.Rural Centres. What part o the roti would representthe percentage o students who have passed rom RuralCentres?

Ta e another roti. Can you show the percentage o boys3.who have secured a rst class?


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Reading a Picture

A chart can be o many inds.

It is an easy-to-understand representation o in ormation.

A chart in mathematics can be very help ul. Ta e a loo at the


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When you see di erent shapes around you, study them.See i there is anything special about these shapes.

Then you can record your observations in the orm o charts.

Which class has shown the most improvement?1.

Have students o Class 4 improved?2.

What can you say about Class 5 students?3.

Pie Chart

Di erent types o charts

Divided Bar Graph


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San hya and Ganith now enjoy reading the newspaper!

They try to convert several news items intographs or drawings!

You can do it too!


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Answer PageAnswers to The Funny Cric et Ground Page 7

Some shapes do not have names. In mathematics, a section o 1.study is called geometry. Under this section we study shapes calledtriangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, circles and someothers.

Three straight lines on a single plane will orm a triangle. So we2.need at least three straight lines to orm a closed gure li e a cric etground. Try to see what happens when you eep extending thetriangular shape by adding one more straight line to the ormation.(You get a square, a pentagon, a hexagon. and nally a circle!)

And one curved line is enough to orm a closed gure a circle!

Triangle Square Rectangle Parallelogram Circle


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Pitch length =20m, Midpoint =20/2=10m. Radius o 4.circle=10+65m =75m Circum erence o a circle=2 x pi x rwhere Pi =22/7, r=radius, Circum erence = 2 x22/7 x 75=471metres (approximately)

Answers to Floor Designs Page 11 There are 3 steps to this rangoli.1.

Hope you enjoyed drawing a design and decorating it with2.fowers!

Step 1

Step 2Step 3


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16. She arranged our fowers in a row. In a square, the sides are4.equal. So i there were our fowers in a row, there would be ourin a column. 4+4+4+4 =16. A simpler method is to multiply 4 (ina row) by 4 (in a column). 4 x 4=16.

Answers to San hya is con used Page 21Hal a roti.1.

90%.2.

50% 50%

10%

90%


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Answers to Reading a Picture Page 23Class 3 showed the best improvement o the three classes, rom1.an average o below 40 mar s to over 80 mar s.

Students o Class 4 have improved rom getting an average o 422. mar s to over 70 mar s.


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Mala Kumar is a journalist, writer and editor based in Bangalore. Her stories for children have won awards from Childrens Book Trust. She discovered her love for teaching while conducting non-formal workshops in Mathematics in schools, usingthe days newspaper instead of text-books.

I am Ankit. I study in class 7 and want to become a lawyer whenI grow up because the law is equal for everybody. You will never see me lagging behind in disco dancing and cricket also!Thank you for buying this book. My friends and I will get to readmany more books in our library because you bought this book.


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For more information on all our titles please visit www.prathambooks.org

Our books are available in English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu,Kannada, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Punjabi, Urdu and Oriya.

Titles in this seriesHappy Maths 1

Numbers

Happy Maths 3Measurements

Happy Maths 2Shapes and Data

Happy Maths 4Time and Money

This is a Mathematics boo with a di erence. There are more stories here than problems!

So read the stories, ta e in the mixture o acts and ction andenjoy teasing your brain.


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Maths Teaching Through Stories.2