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May 2010 1
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JUDGE OF STROKE, INSPECTOR OF TURNS & HEAD LANE TIMEKEEPER
The National Officials Committee wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Swim Alberta officials and the Ontario Swimming Officials Association in the development of this presentation
May 2010 3
Function of Judge of Stroke Function of Inspector of Turns Filling out the Card or Infraction
Form Head Lane Timer Overview of all Strokes Individual Medley Relay Questionnaire
This clinic includes the following:
May 2010 4
Infraction vs Disqualification Infraction Report: made by an official
who is qualified to judge strokes and turns, assigned to that duty, and in the proper position to observe the swimmer in his assigned area.
Disqualification: made by the Referee, if an infraction report is accepted. If a PARA swimmer the Technical Official must agree.
May 2010 5
Swimmers with a Disability (PARA)
Swimmers’ classification and exceptions allow exceptions to some rule requirements.
When a Technical Official (TO), (educated in correctly judging PARA swimming), is available, he/she must approve all disqualifications of PARA swimmers.
5
May 2010 6
The Judge of Stroke
May 2010 7
1. Inspect the technique of the competitor• Observe the turns and the finishes to assist the
inspector of turns.
Function of Judge of Stroke
2. Note all infractions, and report the infractions according to the process defined for that meet:• Inform Referee and if a PARA swimmer the Technical
Official (TO). • If so instructed by the Referee inform the competitor
and/or coach within 15 minutes of the completion of the heat.
May 2010 8
Judge of Stroke
Judge of Stroke
Inspector of Turns
May 2010 9
1. Observe the swimmer,• Commencing from the beginning of the last
armstroke before touching and ending with the completion of the first armstroke after turning
2. Note all infractions, report the infractions according to the process defined for that meet:• Inform Referee and if a PARA swimmer the
Technical Official (TO). • If so instructed by the Referee inform the
competitor and/or coach within 15 minutes of the completion of the heat.
3. May be assigned extra duty of judging relay take-over.
Function of Inspector of Turns
May 2010 10
Inspector of Turns
Judge of Stroke
Judge of Stroke
However …you may be required to judge both the stroke & turns
May 2010 11
Judge of Strokes and Inspector of Turns
When serving as both you should be positioned to move between the side and the end of the pool.
May 2010 12
Inspector of Turns
More typical is to find Inspector of Turns observing the turn end of the pool.
Should watch a complete turn one lane at a time.
Insure that you saw the infraction.
May 2010 13
Filling out the Card
Write DQ clearly across the front of the card.
DQ
May 2010 14
Non-simultaneous touch at the turn
Bob Marley
at 50 m
On the back of the card;
1:25 pm
Write the time of the occurrenceWrite the distance at which the infraction occurredUse correct wording to describe the infractionSign the card; Print Your Name
Hand-out the Quick Reference Infraction Card
May 2010 15
At Cardless Meets,
• Typically a form with specific locations to be completed including:
• The event number• The heat number• The lane number• Swimmer’s name, not used at
Nationals or Trials)• The time of the occurrence• The distance at which the potential DQ occurred• Use correct wording to describe the potential DQ• Sign the card
• Present to Referee and TO if a PARA swimmer • Ensure swimmer or coach has been told
Disqualification Form
May 2010 16
{{{{{
{Timers
Timers
Timers
Timers
Timers
Timers
Inspector of Turns
MarshallingArea
Head Lane Timekeeper
Judge of Stroke
Judge of Stroke
May 2010 17
1. Official acting as a Timekeeper, who is also Strokes and Turns qualified.
2. Responsibilities:• Checking swimmer’s name for each heat.• Checking the swimmers are competing in
relays in the order stated on the card or lane sheet.
• Taking splits – ensuring that at least 2 times (splits) are taken on the first leg of a relay.
• Ringing the bell on distance events.• Observe turns.• Judge relay take-over.
Head Lane Timekeeper (HLT)
These are dutieswhich
the HLTmay
assign prior to the start of the
meet.
These duties remain the responsibility of the HLT
May 2010 18
Head Lane TimerAdditional Responsibilities
1. Ensuring no one touches the timing pads2. Ensure at least 2 manual times are collected for
swimmers in senior events and for swimmers with disabilities (Records can be set within age groups or classifications)
3. Long Distance Events (800m and 1500m events)• Verify completed lengths with Chief Timer• Ensure split time for each lap is recorded• Bell is rung
With 2 lengths + 5 meters remaining Over the right hand lane marker Continuously from wall approach to the
backstroke flags
May 2010 19
Did you know?A swimmer may,
• Stop and stand on the bottom of the pool only in freestyle
• Hang on to the lane rope (to catch their breath) only in freestyle
• A swimmer must remain and finish the race in the same lane in which he/she started
May 2010 20
However,A swimmer may not,• Walk on the bottom of the pool• Push off from the bottom of the pool• Pull on the lane markers• Tape on the body is not permitted unless
approved by the FINA Sports Medicine Committee or in the case of a PARA swimmer, by the Technical Official
If you have an internet connection you can bring up a youtube video by placing your mouse over the link below and pressing the left mouse button
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeVRTapaZi0&feature=related
May 2010 21
Overview of all Strokes
The StartThe StrokeThe Turn
May 2010 22
Free, Breast, Fly and IM Starts
• With a dive from the starting platform.• From the side of the pool if not deep
enough.• PARA and Master swimmers from on the
platforms, beside the platforms, or in the water with one hand in contact with the end of the pool.
May 2010 23
Breaststroke SW 7
• After the start & each turn ONE arm stroke is allowed past the hips.
• The head must break the surface of the water by the time the arms have reached the widest part of the second arm pull.
• After the start a swimmer MAY, during the first arm pull, take a single butterfly kick followed by a breaststroke kick, during which the swimmer MAY be completely submerged.
The Start
May 2010 24
The Stroke
Breaststroke
Each stroke cycle must contain one pull and one kick in that order.
During each cycle some part of the swimmer’s head must break the surface of the water.
May 2010 25
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 26
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 27
The Stroke
Breaststroke
The elbows shall be under the water except for….
… the final stroke before the turn, during the turn and for the final stroke at the finish.
May 2010 28
During each cycle some part of the head shall break the surface of the water
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 29
The feet must be turned outward in the propulsive part of the kick
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 30
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 31
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 32
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 33
One more time …
All movements of the arms are simultaneous and in the same horizontal plane.
The Stroke
Breaststroke
May 2010 34
The touch shall be a simultaneous two hand touch.
The Turn
Head may be submerged.
Breaststroke
May 2010 35
The Turn
Breaststroke
NO alternating movement.
After the turn a swimmer may, during the first arm pull, take a single butterfly kick followed by a breaststroke kick, the swimmer may be completely submerged.
May 2010 36
Questions?
Breaststroke
can bring up a you tube video by placing your mouse over the link below and
pressing the left mouse buttonhttp://www.youtube.com/user/AKswimming#p/u/4/Xj8YzwB7B18
If you have an internet connection you
May 2010 37
Backstroke SW 6The Start
The swimmer is in the water facing the start endSome part of the head must break the surface by the 15m mark after the start or turn.
May 2010 38
Backstroke
NO movement beyond 90 degree vertical.
The Stroke
Legal
Legal
LegalNot Legal
May 2010 39
The Turn
At the turn, the swimmer may touch on the back and MUST leave on the back.… OR the swimmer may roll onto the breast, use a CONTINUOUS single or double arm pull to initiate the turn Kicking into the turn is allowed
Backstroke
May 2010 40
The TurnBackstroke
May 2010 41
The TurnBackstroke
When executing the turn, there must be a touch of the wall with some part of the body.The swimmer must leave on their back. On the back is less then 90 degrees.
May 2010 42
BackstrokeThe Finish
At the finish of the race the swimmer MUST touch the wall while on the back.
The body may be submerged at the touch.
May 2010 43
Backstroke
If you have an internet connection you can bring up a you tube video by
placing your mouse over the link below and pressing the left mouse button
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hwj7zPQ4D00&feature=related
Questions?
May 2010 44
Butterfly SW 8The Start
The swimmer is allowed to take no more than one arm pull while totally submerged. This must bring the swimmer to the surface.
There is no limit to the number of leg kicks allowed off the start and at each turn
May 2010 45
The Stroke
Butterfly
Some part of the head must break the surface of the water by 15 m after the start & each turn
Both arms must be brought forward together over the water and brought backward simultaneously throughout the race.
May 2010 46
The StrokeButterfly
All up and down movements of the legs must be simultaneous.
The position of the legs or feet need not be on the same level, but they shall not alternate in relation to each other.
May 2010 47
Arm recovery isover the general
water level.
The Stroke - ArmsButterfly
May 2010 48
The Stroke - Arms
Arm Recovery is notover the water.
Butterfly
May 2010 49
The Stroke - Legs
Butterfly
The butterfly kick is the only legal kick
PARA & Master Swimmers: Breaststroke kick is allowed
One leg is allowed to be carried higher than the other.
May 2010 50
The Stroke – Legs
Alternating kick (flutter) is not allowed.
Butterfly
May 2010 51
The TurnMust make a two hand, simultaneous touch.
Arms must be recovered over the water on the touch.
Butterfly
This picture shows an underwater recovery which is NOT permitted
Do it again?
placing your mouse over the link below and pressing the left mouse button
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYLaAq7puHU&feature=related
May 2010 52
Questions?
ButterflyIf you have an internet connection you can bring up a you tube video by
May 2010 53
Freestyle SW 5The Start
Some part of the head must have broken the surface by the 15m mark after the start or turn.
The Strokethe swimmer may swim any style or combination – the stroke is judged as a freestyle stroke. Some part of the swimmer must break the surface throughout the race.
May 2010 54
The Turn
The swimmer must touch the end wall with some part of the body during the turn.
Freestyle
May 2010 55
Questions?
Freestyle
If you have an internet connection you can bring up a you tube video by placing
your mouse over the link below and pressing the left mouse button
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79pdZgcJWSw&feature=related
May 2010 56
Individual Medley SW 9.1
Fly
Back
Breast
Free
All strokes, turns and finishes must be performed within the rules assigned to that stroke.
Free must be any stroke other then fly, back or breast
The strokes must be swum in proper sequence.
May 2010 57
Medley Relay SW 9.2
Fly
Back
Breast
Free
All strokes, turns and finishes must be performed within the rules assigned to that stroke.
The swimmers must swim in proper order & strokes sequence.
Free must be any stroke other then Back, Breast or Fly
May 2010 58
Medley Relay Takeovers
•Swimmers may start from the starting platform or the pool deck.
•The swimmers may start in the water (water depth, PARA, or Master Swimmer).
May 2010 59
Medley Relay Takeovers
•The person starting may be in motion as the swimmer arrives.
•The person starting may not lose contact with the platform until the arriving swimmer touches the wall.
May 2010 60
Medley Races
• The swimmers must swim in the proper sequence, as indicated on the relay card.
• Any other order is an infraction.• The Free style leg must be front crawl, or a
stroke other then fly, breast, or back.
May 2010 61
Medley Races
If you have an internet connection you can bring up a you tube video by placing
your mouse over the link below and pressing the left mouse button
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpk6YboSLsQ&feature=related
May 2010 62
Questionnaire
Please take 30 minutes to complete the questionnaire
• Please use the answer sheet.• We will use the questionnaire for the
correct answers.• Remember! There may be one or more
correct answers for each question.
May 2010 63
QuestionnaireIf you have an internet connection you
can bring up a you tube video by placing your mouse over the link below and
pressing the left mouse buttonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xifsGPdkTY&feature=related
Questions?
May 2010 64
1. The Judge of Stroke has authority/responsibility to:
a) also serve as an Inspector of Turns, if so assigned;
b) file a report for any infraction of the stroke rules which he observes within his assigned zone;
c) serve as lane timer, if so assigned;
d) if directed by the Referee, inform the swimmer or his coach of each disqualification and provide the rationale for the DQ;
e) advise swimmers of incorrect technique;
f) inform the swimmer before he completes his race that he is going to be disqualified;
g) confer with the Referee (TO if PARA) or other Judges of Stroke as necessary.
May 2010 65
2. The Inspector of Turns has the authority/responsibility to:
a) observe and judge the legality of the ‘approach’, the touch and ‘push-off’ of each turn in his designated lanes;
b) file an report for any infractions of the turn rules which he observes within his assigned zone;
c) serve as relay take-over judge, if so assigned.
3. The Judge of Stroke should be positioned:
a) along the side of the pool;
b) at the starting or turning end of the pool, overlooking the centre lanes;
c) at the table with the Clerk of Course.
May 2010 66
4. The Inspector of Turns should be positioned:
a) at the starting or turning end of the pool, overlooking the lanes to be judged;
b) along the side of the pool, between the backstroke flags;
c) at the table with the Chief Finish Judge.
5. When serving as both Judge of Strokes and Inspector of Turns, you should be positioned:
a) where you can move between the side and the end of the pool;
b) mid-way along each side of the pool;
c) high in the stands where you can observe the entire pool.
May 2010 67
6. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer can legally:
a) swim with the head submerged for the entire race;b) swim with the head above the surface of the water at
all times;c) swim with the head submerged, provided it breaks
the surface of the water at least once during each complete stroke cycle;
d) dive into the wall, submerging the head on the touch;e) keep the head submerged after the start or turn,
providing it breaks the surface before the widest part of the second arm pull is reached;
f) have the elbows above the water for the final stroke before the turns, during turns and at final stroke at the finish.
May 2010 68
7. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer can legally:
a) touch with one hand before the other at the turn;
b) touch with both hands simultaneously but at different levels;
c) touch with both hands simultaneously above, below or at the water’s surface;
d) allow the shoulders to leave the horizontal plane before completing the touch.
May 2010 69
8. In BREASTSTROKE events, the swimmer may:
a) be on the side when coming out of a turn, after the feet lose contact with the wall, before beginning the first arm-pull;
b) take two complete strokes (arm pulls and leg kicks) before breaking the surface of the water;
c) use a single butterfly kick followed by a breaststroke kick, while wholly submerged after the start and each turn;
d) permit the heels to break the surface of the water;e) use the flutter kick;f) must use the butterfly kick throughout the raceg) recover the arms on, under, or over the surface of the water,
providing the elbows remain beneath the surface;h) fully extend the arms backwards during each stroke cycle;i) If a PARA swimmer ,take a complete stroke cycle
underwater for the purpose of returning to the correct lane.
May 2010 70
9. In BACKSTROKE events, the swimmer may legally:
a) use a simultaneous double arm pull;b) use an alternating arm stroke;c) use an inverted frog or butterfly kick;d) use a flutter kick;e) turn his shoulders past the vertical during the stroke;f) be submerged after the start and after each turn, provided
the head breaks the surface of the water by the 15m markg) turn onto the breast and immediately initiate a continuous
turning motion;h) scull towards the wall, if he has missed the touch, as long as
he/she did not leave the back during the turn;i) after initiating a continuous turn, lift the head to determine
the wall’s location without interrupting the ‘continuous’ nature of the turn.
May 2010 71
a) touch with both hands at the turn or finish;
b) touch while on the back, roll on to the front, grab the gutter and push off on the back;
c) turn before touching the end-wall with the foremost part of the body;
d) turn his shoulders past the vertical at the final touch;
e) dive into the wall and touch below the surface while still on the back;
f) be on the breast when leaving the wall after a turn, but return to the back before starting the first leg kick;
g) kick while still submerged, after a turn.
h) kick during a continuous turn.
10. In BACKSTROKE events, the swimmer may:
May 2010 72
a) take more than one kick after the start and each turn before taking the first arm pull;
b) use flutter kick;
c) use the frog kick;
d) alternate between butterfly and frog kick at will;
e) swim with one leg consistently higher than the other;
f) recover the arms underwater during the normal stroke cycle;
g) alternate arm strokes;
h) trail legs with no kicking.
11. In BUTTERFLY events, the swimmer may legally:
May 2010 73
a) kick into the wall for a touch with one or more correct leg kicks and the arms extended;
b) recover the arms underwater to complete a touch;c) touch below the water line;d) touch with the hands at different levels;e) touch with one hand before the other but at same level;f) touch with one hand;g) turn on to the side before the touch;h) dip one shoulder going into the turn, before the touch;i) be on the side coming out of a turn, before beginning the first arm
pull;j) complete any number of underwater arm pulls before returning to
the surface after the start or a turn;k) kick while on the side before beginning the first arm pull;l) at the start and after each turn, swim submerged provided some
part of the head breaks the surface of the water before the 15m mark
12. In BUTTERFLY events, the swimmer may:
May 2010 74
a) touch with one hand;
b) touch with one foot;
c) touch with two hands;
d) use the Breaststroke;
e) use the dog-paddle;
f) push off on the back after a turn;
g) push off the bottom after a turn;
h) alternate strokes at will;
i) swim submerged at the start and after each turn as long as some part of the head breaks the water’s surface at or within the 15 m.
13. In FREESTYLE events, the swimmer may:
May 2010 75
a) retain the correct form of stroke until a legal touch has been completed;
b) attain the correct form of the next stroke in accordance with the rules by the beginning of the first stroke;
c) be free to turn in any manner after a legal touch has been made for that stroke;
d) remain on the surface of the water.
14. In the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY, when changing from one stroke to the next, the swimmer is required to:
May 2010 76
15. The last one-fourth of the distance in the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY or MEDLEY RELAY:
a) may be the Front Crawl;
b) may be the Sidestroke;
c) shall be the Front Crawl;
d) shall be any stroke but the first three of the Medley.
16. The order of the strokes for the MEDLEY RELAY is:
a) butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle;
b) backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle.
May 2010 77
17. The order of the strokes for the INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY is:
a) butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle;
b) backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle.
18. A Judge of Stroke/Inspector of Turns may disqualify a swimmer for any stroke or turn infraction which he personally observes:a) whether or not the swimmer is in his assigned zone;
b) only if the swimmer is in his assigned zone.
May 2010 78
19. A Judge of Stroke/Inspector of Turns shall, unless otherwise instructed, report the infraction directly (verbally) to the:
a) Meet Referee;
b) Chief Finish Judge;
c) Session Referee/TO;
d) Chief Timekeeper;
e) Swimmer/coach within 15 minutes of the infraction, if so instructed by the referee.
May 2010 79
20. A swimmer shall be disqualified for:
a) standing on the bottom of the pool except in freestyle;
b) walking on the bottom of the pool in the direction of the race;
c) using a stroke other than that specified for that event;
d) pulling on a lane marker in the direction of the race;
e) pulling along the side of the pool in the direction of the race;
f) leaving the water and then re-entering to complete the race;
g) holding on to a lane marker or pool wall to catch his breath, except free style;
h) interfering with the progress of a swimmer in another lane;
i) pushing off the bottom in the direction of the race;
j) breaking the stroke or the orientation of the stroke during the race except in freestyle.
May 2010 80
21. In a relay event, when a relay take-over judge observes an early take-over, he should:
a) immediately inform the remainder of the team that they have been disqualified;
b) wait until the end of the race before informing the team about the disqualification;
c) immediately inform the Referee and TO if a PARA swimmer;d) inform the Referee/TO at the end of the race.
May 2010 81
22. In a relay take-over, the next swimmer:
a) may start from the platforms or the pool deck;
b) may start in the water when circumstances warrant (water depth/PARA Swimmer);
c) may be in motion before the touch is made as long as the toes are in contact with the platform or side;
d) may return and touch the wall if he feels that his take-over was too early.
May 2010 82
23. When a Judge of Stroke/Inspector of Turns notes the details of a potential DQ on the swimmers card, he should also:
a) indicate on the front of the card that the swimmer is DQ’d (i.e. a rubber stamp, bold diagonal line, etc.);
b) sign the card;
c) indicate the time the infraction occurred;
d) record the distance at which the infraction occurred.
NOTE: IF THERE IS ANY DOUBT,
DO NOT DISQUALIFY
May 2010 83
a) ensure that the assigned swimmer is in his lane;b) ensure that the correct time card is being used for each heat;c) determine the finish time of the winner of each heat;d) ensure that the correct times are being read and recorded in
his lane;e) determine the official time for his lane (when directed by the
Chief Timekeeper);f) ensure that one timer takes split times;g) determine the placing of the swimmer in his lane;h) notify the Chief Finish Judge, as directed, if the swimmer has
made an apparent light touch;i) operate the lap counters in long distance events;j) judge the legality of relay take-over;k) act as Turn Inspector if qualified and assigned;l) ensure the swimmer in his lane is informed of his official time.
24. Some of the responsibilities of the Head Lane Timekeeper are to:
May 2010 84
25. When an automatic judging and timing system is in use, the Head Lane Timekeeper should:
a) ensure that no one inadvertently contacts the touch pad;
b) ensure that manual times are provided;
c) transcribe the automatic time from the display board onto the time card.
May 2010 85
26. In long distance events, the Head Lane Timekeeper shall:
a) verify the tabulation of completed lengths with the Chief Timekeeper before ringing the bell;
b) delegate responsibility for tracking the number of lengths and ringing the bell to another Timekeeper;
c) advise the swimmer in his lane of the number of laps he has completed;
d) ensure that the split time for each lap is recorded (on the time card or other official form).
May 2010 86
27. The bell for the bell lap:
a) shall be rung when the swimmer has two lengths and 5 meters still to be swum;
b) shall be rung over the right-hand lane marker;
c) shall be rung continuously as the swimmer approaches and leaves the wall (from the backstroke flags to the backstroke flags);
d) shall be rung for 800m and 1500m events only.
May 2010 87
28. When judging takeovers, the Head Lane Timekeeper shall:
a) observe the touch-out and take-off from above the lane;
b) keep one finger in contact with the toe of the swimmer on the platform;
c) advise DQ’d swimmers immediately, even before the race is completed;
d) observe the take-over from the side of the pool.
May 2010 88
Always give the swimmer the benefit of the doubt.
You may be deceived by a splash
You must be absolutely sure.
May 2010 89
Thank you.
Approved by the National Officials CommitteeWe would like to acknowledge the initial work on the power point presentation
done by Swim Ontario and Swim Alberta
