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MCSE MATERIAL

M CSE – M ICROSOFT CERTIFIED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

Papers Code

Client 70-270

Server 70-290

Network Infrastructure - I 70-291

Network Infrastructure – II 70-293

Active Service Directory(ADS) 70-294

Design ADS 70-297

Exchange Server 70-284



Client / Paper – I

Brief description of XP:

XP means experience

XP‘s different versions are: Home, Professional, Starter, Media

Center, Table Pc, Embedded Systems

Professional Editions had server domains, safe mode, remote access and

data encrypting features which H ome editions did not have.

Starter Editions were of low cost, it could 3 programs at a time, could run

on Celeron, Duron and Sempron Processors.

Media Center’s code name was Freestyle

Media Center had an update of Windows Movie Maker and supported

DVD burning

Tablet PC had Pen Sensitive screen with portrait oriented screens. It had

2 releases one in 2002 and second in 2005.

Different ways of Windows XP installation:

Unattended: Writing all the info in a file and then executing

Remote Installation Service: LAN Booting

DOS

Booting : While system is booting , insert a CD

Network:

It means interconnection of 2 or more systems. It’s mainly used for resource

sharing like Hardware and Software.



Types of Network Models:

Workgroup :

It could only limited numbers of systems like not more than 10

No local administration

No client – server Model

Domain :

It could connect more than 10 systems at a time

It can have two server : Hardware Server & Software Server

While preparing a system for server we need to install /configure DNS and

ADS that becomes Domain Control which indeed is a Server.

Domain Control:

Single logon Process

Centralized Administration

LSD – Local Security Database which maintains information about

different user with their passwords and settings.

DNS

ADS

D. C.

Domain

Control



While installing ADS, D.C. deletes LSD and makes Directory

Database (DD) which has all types of type like username and

password of clients in domain model.

Domain Control is a combination of servers, computers, users, groups

and printers etc......

Server provides services to clients.

TTL – Time To Live is the time period which lives in cache for fast

& easy accessing of data generally it is 60mins.

ADS – Active Directory Services:

It contains mainly to prepare a Domain, while installing ADS enter Domain

name. Client is connected to server with the help of Domain Name. The first

domain created is called Parent Domain.

Collection of Objects & Servers is called a Domain.

Objects

User a/c

Group

Computer

Printers



Tree Structure

There are 2 types of network connections between the computers:

Physical Connections: Using a coaxial cable and a jack

Logical Connections: Usage of IP address

Different levels of Domain Name:

Ex: www.mail.yahoo.com

Root level ‘ . ‘

Ist level Organisational .com ; .org ; .net; .edu; .gov

Geographical .au; .in; .uk; .it; .us

IInd level .microsoft ; .yahoo ; .aptech ; .rediff

IIIrd level .mail. ; .usa.

IVth level www

Parent Domain

Yahoo.com

Child Domain

Xyz.yahoo.com

Child Domain

Abc.yahoo.com



DNS Zone Division:

Forward lookup zone : Name to IP

Name IP

Reverse lookup zone : IP to Name

IP Name

Requirements of Server:

Installation of Server OS like Windows 2003 Server

Check TCP/IP requirements

Installation of Directory Named System (DNS)

Installation of Active Directory Services (ADS)

TCP / IP Requirements: Client for Microsoft Networks

File & Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks

QOS Packets Scheduler*

TCP/IP

*If QOS is not visible in the dialog box, kindly follow the steps for

installing QOS Packets as below:

Installing QOS packets scheduler:

Click on Install in LAN properties Dialog box Select Service

Click on Add

Select QOS

Say ok



Installation of DNS: Check computer name

Enter the IP address (random)

Click close & go to control panel

Add / Remove Programs then Windows Components

Select Networking Services (do not check)

Select details --> click on DNS

Select Next

Go back to network connection properties and then TCP/IP

properties Enter preferred DNS same as IP address

Installing ADS: Go to run command type dcpromo enter

Click on next Next again

Select first option as we setting up a new server

Next again First option Next

Enter DNS name

Next Next Next

Select option 2 Next

Next Enter passwords

Next Next Finish Restart

*ADS is installed in NTDS

* NTDS is located in system root / windows

* NTDS – New Technology Directory Services

* The filename is NTDS.dit



Configuration of Reverse Lookup Zone: Start DNS

Right click on Reverse Lookup Z one

New Zone Next

Select Primary Zone Next

Select Second O ption Next

Enter 192.168.1 Next

Next Finish

PROTOCOL:

It is a set of rules & regulations which governs the

communications between the networks.

International Organisation for Standardization then came up with common

protocols so to create a network between two different computers with the helpof IEEE (mac address) known as Open Source Interconnection (or) Seven (7)

layer reference Model. Every layer has its own functionality. They can also be

called as Logical Seven Layers namely:

Application Layer

Presentation Layer

Session Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link Layer

Physical Connection

Upper Layer / Application

Lower Layer / Data flow



Connection between 2 networks

System 1 System 2

Application Application

Presentation Presentation

Session Session

Transport Transport

Network Network

Data Link Data Link

Physical Connection Physical Connection

Application Layer: It works as an interface between end-user and

Presentation layer. It decides the protocol according to the data which

is been send to the server/client.

Presentation Layer: It decides how to present the data in a network

with the help of encrypting mode, compressing etc....

Session Layer: It establishes session between source & destination.

After establishing it also maintains the session and finally it

terminated the session. D uring establishing it helps in authenticate

the session.

Transport / End-to-End: It segments / divides the data into parts so

that it can easily send to the destination. While segmenting it does

socket addressing / sequence numbering of the data. While

transferring the data it also rectifies the error if any.



Network : It’s main work is to controls the operation of the subnet,

deciding which physical path the data should take based on network

conditions, priority of service, and other factors

Data Link Layer / Node-to-Node: It finds out the exact

destination computer.

Physical Connection: It is concerned with the transmission and

reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium

and also and carries the signals for all of the higher layers.

Media Access control

MAC address is unique with every Network Interface Card

(NIC). MAC address is in the form of H exa (6) Decimal (10) form which

ranges from 0-9 & A-F. It is also known as physical address / hardware address.

Ex of MAC address: 00-01-AB-2E-3C-23 = 6 Bytes / 48 bits

Why is it 6 Bytes/ 48 bits?

It is so because if we take the last alphabet that is F (15 i.e. it starts from 0) its

value is 1111, so in the above example i.e. 00-01-AB-2E-3C-23 we write it as

00000000 – 00000001 – 10101011 – 00101110 – 00111100 – 00100011

8 bits

As we know that 8 bits = 1 Byte

48 bits = 6 Bytes



TCP / IP or FOUR LAYER PROTOCOL SUITE

Application

Presentation APPLICATION

Session

Transport TRANSPORT

Network INTERNET

Data Link H OST TO NETWORK

(or)

Physical NETWORK INTERFACE

Different Protocols in each Layer:

APPLICATION : H TTPS , H TTP , FTP , TFTP , TELNET ,

SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, DNS, DH CP, NTP

TRANSPORT : TCP , UDP

NETWORK : IP , ARP , ICMP



Different Protocols with their Port Numbers and Abbreviations

Protocol Full Forms Port Number

H TTPS Hyper Text Transfer

Protocol Secure

443 (TCP)

TFTP Trivial File Transfer

Protocol

DHCP Dynamic H ost

Configuration Protocol

546 (TCP,UDP)

547 (TCP , UDP)

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Pro

POP3 Post Office Protocol 995 (TCP , UDP)

IMAP Internet Mail Access

Protocol

143 (TCP)

UDP User Datagram Protocol

ARP Address Resolution

Protocol

ICMP Internet Control Message

Protocol

NTP Network Time Protocol 123 (UDP)



INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP):

TCP / IP is mainly used by Microsoft, Linux etc......Internet is mainly

depended on this protocol. IP ranges from 0-255 i.e. 256 numbers

Internet Protocol has two versions i.e.

Internet Protocol

Version 4(V4) Version 6(V6)

Version 4:

Internet Protocol is divided into two parts i.e. Network ID & Host ID.

Internet Protocol

Network ID Host ID

Internet Protocol is ‘.’ Separated decimal notation. It is divided into 4

parts, each part is known as octet. Each octet consists of 8 bits therefore

total IP address consists of 4 octet (or) 32 bits as shown below

Ex:

192 . 162 . 1 . 1

Octet 1 octet = 8bits

8 bits 4 octet = 32bits

As we can above an IP address contains 4 parts which has 32 bits or 4 octets.



Bit is nothing but either 0 or 1. It is known as Binary Digit; 8 bit representation

is shown as below

Ex:

Representation starts from 0, 20 =1, 21=2, 22=4............ 28=256

00000000 0

00000001 1

00000010 2

00000011 3

00000100 4

............... ....

................ .....

................ .....

................ .....

11111110 254

11111111 255

Internet Protocol is divided into classes basing on their Network & H ost ID’s

ranges like Class ‘A’, Class ‘B’, Class ‘C’, Class ‘D’, Class ‘E’. In general Class D

& Class E is not used because they are used for Multicasting & Reserved

respectively.

Class ‘A’ 0-127.0-255.0-255.0-255

Class ‘B’ 128-191.0-255.0-255.0-255

Class ‘C’ 192-223.0-255.0-255.0-255

Class ‘D’ 224-239.0-255.0-255.0-255

Class ‘E’ 240-255.0-255.0-255.0-255

256 numbers



Class “A”

Class “A” IP address is divided into 1:3 ratios i.e. it has one part as network id

and three parts as hosts id.

Ex:

0-127 . 0-255 . 0-255 . 0-255

Network Id Host Id

Network Id contains 1 octet or 8 bits

H ost Id contains 3 octet or 24 bits

Q1) How many Network address does Class “A” IP address contains?

As we know that Network Id ranges from 0-127 so according to that there

should be 128 address but we know that 0 means nothing so we won’t consider

0 as an address. Now, remaining 127 but the last address i.e. 127.0.0.1 is

reserved for loop back address which means it is used for testing / diagnostic

purposes. So therefore the network id ranges from 1-126 which can be assigned.

Q2) How many H ost address per Network Id has?

As we now know that Network Id ranges from 1-126, so let us taken as number

between 1 & 126 like 10 then our IP address should range something like this:

10 . 0-255 . 0-255 . 0-255

It starts like this...............

10 . 0 . 0 . 0

10 . 0 . 0 . 1

10 . 0 . 0 . 2



10 . 0 . 0 . 3

...................

...................

...................

10 . 0 . 0 . 255

Continues..........

10 . 0 . 1 . 0

10 . 0 . 1 . 1

10 . 0 . 1 . 2

...................

...................

...................

10 . 0 . 1 . 255

10 . 0 . 2 . 0

10 . 0 . 2 .1

...................

...................

...................

10 . 0 . 2 . 255

...................

...................

...................

...................



...................

...................

10 . 0 . 255 . 255

10 . 1 . 0 . 0

10 . 1 . 0 . 1

...................

...................

...................

10 . 1 . 0 . 255

10 . 1 . 1 . 0

...................

...................

10.255.255.254

10.255.255.255

So there are (256)3=1, 67, 77,216 Host address which a Network Id can contain.

But according to the rules:

When H ost bits are completely filled with 0’s it is a Network address i.e.

in this case it 10.00000000.00000000.00000000 - 10.0.0.0

When H ost bits are completely filled with 1’s it is Broadcasting address

i.e. 10.11111111.11111111.11111111 – 10.255.255.255

Subnet M ask for Class “A”:

Network bits filled with 1’s

Host bits filled with 0’s



If above 2 conditions are true then that address is called as Subnet Mask. For

Class “A” Subnet Mask is 255.0.0.0 or

11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

Rules for creation new network:

Network address in IP address should be common in Network

computers.

H ost address in IP address should be different in network computers

Ex:

10.1.1.1 10.15.16.2 10.100.223.1 10.5.6.4

OR

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.4

Subnet Mask:

255.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 255.0.0.0



Class “B”

Class “B” IP address is divided into 2:2 ratios i.e. it has two part as network id

and two parts as hosts id.

Ex:

128-191 . 0-255 . 0-255 . 0-255

Network Id H ost Id

Q1) How many Network address does Class “B” IP address contains?

As we know that Network Id ranges from 128-191 so according to that there

should be 64 address because 128 is also counted , so there is 64 * 256 = 16384

network address . We have multiplied 64 with 256 because Class “B” has 2 parts

of network address unlike Class “A”. But there is 1 network address which is

reserved i.e. 169.254.0.0 for APIPA.

APIPA – Automatic Private IP Addressing.

Q2) How many H ost address per Network Id has?

As we now know that Network Id ranges from 127-191, so let us taken as

number between 127 & 191 and 0-255 like 170.15 then our IP address should

range something like this: 170 . 15 . 0-255 . 0-255

It starts like this........................

170.15.0.0

170.15.0.1

170.15.0.2

.................

170.15.0.255



170.15.1.0

170.15.1.1

.................

.................

170.15.1.255

170.15.2.0

170.15.2.1

.....................

.....................

170.15.2.255

........................

........................

........................

170.15.255.254

170.15.255.255

So there are (256)2 =65,536 host address which a Network Id can contains. But

as we know that if the host id contains 0’s then it is network address and if it

contains 1’s then it is broadcasting address. So there are total 65,536-2=65,534.

Subnet Mask :

255.255.0.0



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