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Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 1994, 13 (3), 905-925
Medicinal plants used in the promotion of animal health in Tanzania
M.M.J. MINJA *
Summary: Plants with curative properties enjoy the highest consideration in indigenous systems of medicine throughout the world. This is especially true in the developing countries, where imported drugs are very expensive and are therefore inaccessible to the vast majority of the population. The author presents the results of an ethnobotanical study conducted in three main areas, namely the Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Mbeya regions of Tanzania. Special attention was paid to the use of plants for veterinary purposes. A total of 103 plant species within 48 families are collected for their curative properties in the field of veterinary medicine. The family which provided the greatest number of species was Compositae (13 species), followed by Euphorbiaceqe (11 species) and Papillionaceae (9 species). A total of 38 different pathological states are treated, the most frequent being gastrointestinal disorders, followed by helminthosis, wounds and urethral infections.
K E Y W O R D S : A n i m a l h e a l t h - M e d i c i n a l p l a n t s - N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s -Tanzania - Tradit ional medicine.
INTRODUCTION
P l a n t s w i t h m e d i c i n a l p r o p e r t i e s e n j o y t h e h i g h e s t c o n s i d e r a t i o n in i n d i g e n o u s systems of m e d i c i n e t h r o u g h o u t t h e wor ld . F o r a d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r y such as T a n z a n i a , w h e r e r e s o u r c e s a r e s ca rce , he rba l i s t s p l a y a c ruc ia l r o l e in t h e h e a l t h c a r e sy s t em for bo th h u m a n s a n d an imals . K n o w l e d g e of t h e cura t ive p r o p e r t i e s of specific p l an t s is an a c c o m p l i s h e d a r t w h i c h is p a s s e d o n f rom o n e g e n e r a t i o n t o t h e n e x t . T h i s a r t is still ma in ta ined in Tanzan ia , especial ly in ru r a l a r eas ; w h e n an an ima l falls sick a herba l i s t is usually c o n s u l t e d first, a n d on ly in c a se of fa i lure is a v e t e r i n a r i a n s o u g h t . Very o f ten , the n e a r e s t ve t e r i na r i an m a y b e m a n y mi les away.
A s J. L u n d s t r o m c o r r e c t l y o b s e r v e d ( p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n , 1992) , m e d i c i n a l plants a r e u n d e r t h r e a t d u e t o c h a n g e s in t h e e n v i r o n m e n t caused by increas ing h u m a n p o p u l a t i o n s a n d t h e d e s t r u c t i o n of l a n d , l e a d i n g t o t h e d e c l i n e of m a n y p l a n t popu la t i ons . T h e r e is a g rowing n e e d t o e n s u r e p r o p e r m a n a g e m e n t of p l a n t r e s o u r c e s for t h e b e n e f i t of f u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s . H o w e v e r , s o m e c o n s c i e n t i o u s h e r b a l i s t s in Tanzania m a i n t a i n smal l g a r d e n s which con t a in i m p o r t a n t med ic ina l p l an t s t h r e a t e n e d wi th e x t i n c t i o n . T h e u s e of m e d i c i n a l p l a n t s in d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s , i n c l u d i n g
* Animal Diseases Research Institute, Pharmacology/Toxicology Department, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
906
Tanzan i a , is significant pr incipal ly b e c a u s e h e r b a l d rugs a r e re la t ive ly c h e a p c o m p a r e d to t h e prohib i t ive ly high cost of i m p o r t e d syn the t ic d rugs , g iven t h e u n s t e a d y e c o n o m i c b a s e of t h e s e coun t r i e s .
T h e a u t h o r a ims to b r i n g t o l ight t r a d i t i o n a l k n o w l e d g e r e g a r d i n g m e d i c i n a l p l a n t s u s e d in t h e v e t e r i n a r y f ie ld, t o e n c o u r a g e i m p r o v e d m e t h o d s for t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n of n a t u r a l r e sou rces .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pr io r visits w e r e o rgan i s ed to t h r e e r eg ions of Tanzan ia , n a m e l y Ki l iman ja ro , A r u s h a a n d M b e y a , w h e r e t h e h e l p of l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s w a s e n l i s t e d , t o p i n p o i n t r e n o w n e d h e r b a l i s t s a n d i n f o r m t h e m of t h e f o r t h c o m i n g visit of a sc ient i f ic e x p e d i t i o n . T h e s e vis i ts t o o k p l a c e o n s e p a r a t e o c c a s i o n s b e t w e e n 1991 a n d 1992. T h e h e r b a l i s t s w e r e i n t e r v i e w e d us ing t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e f o r m a t p r o p o s e d by F a r a h (3) (Fig. 1). T h e p l an t s w e r e s h o w n t o t h e m e m b e r s of t h e e x p e d i t i o n , a f t e r w h i c h p l a n t s p e c i m e n s w e r e col lec ted a n d p r e s sed for bo t an i ca l ident i f icat ion. S a m p l e s w e r e also t a k e n of t h e p lan t p a r t s u s e d by t h e h e r b a l i s t s . T h e s e s a m p l e s w e r e s u b j e c t e d t o a n u m b e r of s c r e e n i n g tes t s , inc lud ing s tud ies of toxic i ty a n d b io log ica l act ivi ty b o t h in vivo a n d in vitro. T h e bu lk of h e r b a r i u m spec imens w e r e ident i f ied a t t h e N a t i o n a l H e r b a r i u m of t h e Tanzan i a Pes t i c ide R e s e a r c h Ins t i tu t e ( T P R I ) in A r u s h a . A few spec imens w e r e ident i f ied at t he b o t a n y s e c t i o n of t h e T r a d i t i o n a l M e d i c i n e R e s e a r c h U n i t ( T M R U ) w i t h i n t h e Univers i ty of D a r es Sa l aam.
T h e m a i n l i t e r a t u r e s o u r c e s u s e d for i n f o r m a t i o n w e r e t h e m o n o g r a p h s by D a l z i e l (2) , Wa t t and Breye r -Brandwi jk (9) a n d K o k w a r o (4).
RESULTS
T h e resul t s of t he e t h n o b o t a n i c a l survey (Table I) a r e p r e s e n t e d in a lphabe t i ca l o r d e r wi th r e s p e c t t o families a n d to genus wi th in t h e families. T h e fol lowing i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e p lan t s is also inc luded:
- v e r n a c u l a r n a m e , w h e r e given ( l anguage in b r acke t s )
- locali ty of col lec t ion
- medic ina l in fo rmat ion p r o v i d e d by herbal is ts in t h e field, inc luding t ype of d isease t r e a t e d , p lan t p a r t u sed a n d m e t h o d of p r e p a r a t i o n of t h e r e m e d y
- d a t a f rom the l i t e ra tu re .
Nota bene: A s t h e d i s e a s e s e n c o u n t e r e d o c c u r e n d e m i c a l l y in spec i f ic a r e a s , t h e s y m p t o m s a r e well r e cogn i sed by local p e o p l e in t h e r e spec t ive a r e a s , a n d this was t he basis u s e d for d iagnoses .
907
QUESTIONNAIRE
Date: 1. Locality: District
Distance and direction from major town Longitude/latitude
Collection SMP No. Village
Habitat
2. Type of plant: Tree Shrub
Herb Liana
Parasite Aqueous plant
3. For trees: Height and bulk Slash * Flower colour: Small:
Bark description
4. 6.
5. Fruit description: 7. Latex present: —
8. Attacked by insects, etc.: _ 9. Provisional identification:
10. Vernacular name: 11. Name of traditional healer: — 12. Preparation of remedy:
Plant part Fresh Dried Amount taken Crushed Powdered Mixed with water (amount) Cold water Boiled Boiling water poured over Mixed with other vehicle (amount) Other preparation
13. Dose and regimen:
14. Disease or symptoms treated:
15. Plant used together with the following plants (vernacular name or SMP No.; par t of plant; note amount of plant part taken in preparat ion or other details if preparat ion differs from description in 12 above):
17. Additional notes:
SMP No.: Serial Medicinal Plant Number * appearance of cross-section of stem when cut with sharp implement
FiG. l
Form for recording data for herbarium specimens and information obtained from traditional healers
(3)
908 T
AB
LE
I
Med
icin
al p
lan
ts u
sed f
or th
e tr
eatm
ent o
f an
imal
s in
Tan
zan
ia
Ver
nacu
lar n
ame
Fam
ily
Spec
ies
(lang
uage
) and
/or
Med
icin
al in
form
atio
n D
ata
from
lite
ratu
re
loca
lity
Aca
ntha
ceae
Ad
hato
da e
ngle
riana
Ir
ingo
ringo
(Cha
gga)
Le
af in
fusio
n ad
min
ister
ed o
rally
to a
nim
als
Roo
t dec
octio
n m
ixed
with
egg
yol
k us
ed fo
r Li
ndau
C.B
. Cla
rke
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
su
fferin
g fr
om a
napl
asm
osis
th
e tre
atm
ent o
f sw
olle
n liv
er o
r spl
een
(5).
Roo
ts u
sed
as a
laxa
tive
(4, 9
) an
d as
a re
med
y fo
r tub
ercu
losis
(9)
Thur
nber
gia
Maa
fipila
(N
dali)
Le
af in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
to a
nim
als
as a
No
repo
rts f
ound
la
ncifo
lia T
. And
es
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
fe
brifu
ge
Adi
anta
ceae
Ad
iant
um p
oire
tii
Mac
ham
eri (
Chag
ga)
Leaf
infu
sion
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
to a
nim
als
as
No
repo
rts fo
und
Wilk
str. v
ar.
poire
tii
Mar
angu
, a
rem
edy
for c
olic
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Aga
vace
ae
Alan
gium
chi
nens
e M
ringo
nu (C
hagg
a)
Bar
k de
coct
ion
used
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith b
ark
No
repo
rts f
ound
(L
ouis)
Reh
cler
Sa
nya
Juu,
de
coct
ions
of B
ridel
lia m
icra
ntha
, Eke
berg
ia
Hai
Dis
trict
ca
pens
is an
d Co
mm
ipho
ra z
imm
erm
anii
in th
e or
al tr
eatm
ent o
f ana
plas
mos
is
Dra
caen
a de
rem
ensis
M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Roo
t dec
otio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly to
ani
mal
s N
o re
ports
fou
nd
Engl
. su
ffer
ing
from
ure
thrit
is
Sans
evie
ria s
p.
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
Roo
t dec
octio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly to
ani
mal
s N
o re
ports
foun
d su
fferin
g fr
om a
llerg
y
Am
aryl
idac
eae
Crin
um st
ulhm
anii
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
Bul
bs a
nd le
aves
pou
nded
and
use
d as
loca
l N
o re
ports
fou
nd
Bak
tr
eatm
ent f
or w
ound
s
Scad
oxys
mul
tiflo
rus
Ndal
akio
(Ch
agga
) R
hizo
me
poun
ded,
mix
ed w
ith w
ater
and
the
No
repo
rts f
ound
M
arty
n R
ef. s
pp.
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
to a
nim
als
for
heat
m
ultif
loru
s st
imul
atio
n
909
Ana
card
iace
ae
Lann
ea
edul
is Na
kavu
mba
(N
dali)
Le
af in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
to a
nim
als
as a
Le
aves
use
d as
an
antid
iarr
hoei
c (9
). R
oot
(Son
d.) E
ngl.
Mbo
zi D
istri
ct
febr
ifuge
de
coct
ion
used
for t
reat
men
t of l
eish
man
osis
(9).
Leaf
infu
sion
use
d by
wom
en in
chi
ldbi
rth (4
)
Lann
ea sc
him
peri
Naka
vum
ba (
Nda
li)
Leaf
infu
sion
adm
inis
tere
d to
ani
mal
s as
a
Bar
k ex
tract
gar
gled
for t
he re
lief o
f thr
oat
Mbo
zi D
istri
ct
febr
ifuge
ai
lmen
ts (9
)
Apo
cyna
ceae
Ra
uwol
fia ca
ffra
Isyo
ngot
i (N
dali)
Le
aves
pou
nded
and
app
lied
to fr
esh
wou
nds.
Bar
k de
coct
ion
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
for
So
nd.
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
B
ark
pow
dere
d, e
qual
vol
ume
of w
ater
add
ed
treat
men
t of b
ody
swel
lings
, rhe
umat
ism
, an
d in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
to a
nim
als
suffe
ring
pneu
mon
ia a
nd fr
esh
wou
nds
(9).
Late
x us
ed
from
gas
troen
terit
is. R
oot d
ecoc
tion
used
as
an
as s
typt
ic (9
). B
ark
and
root
use
d as
aca
ricid
e an
thel
min
tic
(9, 4
)
Base
lace
ae
Base
lla a
lba
L.
Lele
ma
(Cha
gga)
Le
aves
pou
nded
and
som
e w
ater
add
ed.
No
repo
rts f
ound
M
aran
gu,
Adm
inist
ered
ora
lly to
ani
mal
s as
a la
xativ
e M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
and
supp
ortiv
e th
erap
y in
the
treat
men
t of
anap
lasm
osis
Big
noni
acea
e M
arkh
amia
M
aran
gu,
Leaf
infu
sion
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
to a
nim
als
as
Bar
k ch
ewed
for t
he re
lief o
f too
thac
he (
9, 4
) hi
ldeb
rand
tii (B
aker
) M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct a
febr
ifuge
Bor
agin
acea
e Eh
retia
sylv
atic
a M
nem
vu (
Cha
gga)
Le
aves
use
d fo
r mas
sage
of i
nfla
med
udd
er.
Leaf
juic
e dr
ops
appl
ied
to w
ound
s as
a s
typt
ic
Gue
rke
Sany
a Ju
u,
Leaf
juic
e us
ed in
the
trea
tmen
t of f
ract
ured
(9
, 4)
Hai
Dis
trict
bo
nes,
by a
pply
ing
the
juic
e th
roug
h a
cut o
ver
the
frac
ture
d sit
e
Tric
hode
sma
Mba
rali
Dis
trict
B
ark
and/
or ro
ot p
ound
ed a
nd p
lace
d on
fres
h En
tire
plan
t bur
nt a
nd th
e as
h us
ed to
rel
ieve
ze
ylan
icum
Bur
m.
wou
nds
coug
hing
(5).
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s a d
iure
tic
and
to re
lieve
rhe
umat
ism
and
arth
ritis
(4).
Pow
dere
d or
che
wed
root
s ap
plie
d to
wou
nds
(9).
Cold
wat
er e
xtra
ct u
sed
as a
n ef
fect
ive
antid
ote
for s
nake
bite
(4)
. See
ds c
onta
in 1
% o
f th
e hy
drol
lizid
ine
alka
loid
sup
inin
e (7
)
Bur
sera
ceae
Co
mm
ipho
ra fi
sch
eri I
poro
twa
(Nda
li)
Leaf
infu
sion
used
as
a fe
brifu
ge
Poun
ded
bark
mix
ed w
ith to
bacc
o an
d us
ed a
s En
gl.
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
a re
med
y fo
r sna
kebi
te (9
)
910 T
AB
LE
I (
con
td)
Ver
nacu
lar
nam
e Fa
mily
Sp
ecie
s (la
ngua
ge)
and/
or
Med
icin
al in
form
atio
n D
ata
from
lite
ratu
re
loca
lity
Bur
sera
ceae
Co
mm
ipho
ra
Mfifin
a (C
hagg
a)
Bar
k de
coct
ion
used
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith b
ark
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s a
febr
ifuge
(9).
Cold
(c
ontd
) Zi
mm
erm
anii
Engl
. M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t de
coct
ions
of B
ridel
lia m
icra
ntha
, Eke
berg
ia
wat
er e
xtra
ct o
f lea
ves
used
as
a fe
brifu
ge.
cape
nsis
and
Alan
gium
chi
nens
e (L
ouis)
B
ranc
hes
cut i
nto
smal
l pie
ces,
soak
ed in
col
d R
ehcl
er in
the
oral
trea
tmen
t of a
napl
asm
osis
w
ater
and
the
extra
ct a
dmin
iste
red
oral
ly to
ste
m e
xces
sive
blee
ding
dur
ing
men
stru
atio
n (5
)
Caes
alpi
nace
ae
Cass
ia d
idym
obot
rya
Iwin
u (C
hagg
a)
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s dr
astic
pur
gativ
e, a
nd
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s pu
rgat
ive
and
emet
ic
Fres
. M
aran
gu,
also
as
antid
ote
to p
oiso
ning
(9
, 4).
Stem
bar
k in
fusio
n us
ed a
s pur
gativ
e M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t an
d em
etic
(4).
Leaf
dec
octio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f gon
orrh
oea,
bac
k pa
in,
mea
sles
and
mal
aria
l fev
er (4
). Le
aves
ver
y po
isono
us to
cat
tle (
9)
Cap
tarid
acea
e Ca
ppar
is to
rmen
tosa
M
bara
li D
istric
t Le
af in
fusio
n m
ixed
with
soo
t and
M
ost p
opul
ar s
ourc
e of
mag
ico-
med
icin
al
Lam
. ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f sna
kebi
te
med
icin
es in
Afr
ica
(9).
Bar
k sm
oked
for c
hest
ai
lmen
ts an
d he
adac
he (
9). R
oot u
sed
for
treat
men
t of s
crof
ula,
lepr
osy,
wou
nds a
nd
opht
halm
ia (9
). Le
aves
use
d as
cur
e fo
r m
adne
ss a
nd s
nake
bite
(9)
Com
posi
tae
Aniso
papp
us
Mba
rali
Dist
rict
Leaf
dec
octio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly to
ani
mal
s Le
aves
use
d as
med
icin
e fo
r hoo
kwor
m (
4).
africa
nus
Hoo
k (f
) fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f hel
min
thos
is
Leaf
and
sta
lk d
ecoc
tion
used
for i
nhal
atio
n (4
) an
d H
iern
Ar
tem
isia
afra
Wild
. Fi
vi (
Sam
baa)
Lea
f dec
octio
n us
ed a
s a
febr
ifuge
Fe
rmen
tatio
n of
the
heat
ed h
erb
adm
inis
tere
d M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t to
chi
ldre
n to
soo
the
thro
at a
ilmen
ts a
nd a
s a
febr
ifuge
(4)
. Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed f
or
treat
men
t of w
orm
infe
stat
ions
(4)
Berk
eya
spek
eana
M
beya
Rur
al D
istric
t Le
aves
pou
nded
, som
e w
ater
add
ed a
nd th
e A
sh o
f the
bur
nt p
lant
use
d fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f (O
liv.)
mix
ture
car
eful
ly fi
ltere
d. F
iltra
te a
dmin
iste
red
indi
gest
ion
(4)
to a
nim
als
suffe
ring
from
sw
olle
n liv
er
911
Cony
za b
onar
iens
is In
anzie
(Cha
gga)
Le
af ju
ice
used
for t
reat
men
t of w
ound
s. Le
af
Leav
es c
rush
ed a
nd s
mea
red
on n
ippl
es o
f L.
M
aran
gu,
infu
sion
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
for t
he tr
eatm
ent
mot
her t
o en
cour
age
a ba
by to
suc
kle
(4)
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
of
col
ic
Cony
za ne
wii
(Oliv
. la
nde
(Cha
gga)
Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed f
or th
e tr
eatm
ent o
f col
ic
Leav
es c
hew
ed fo
r the
rel
ief o
f che
st ai
lmen
ts.
and
Hie
rn)
Mar
angu
, Le
af d
ecoc
tion
used
as
an e
met
ic (
4)
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
Elep
hant
opus
scab
er
Daw
a ya
Kam
ba
Roo
t dec
octio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly fo
r the
No
repo
rts f
ound
L.
(S
wah
ili)
treat
men
t of d
elay
ed o
estru
s M
beya
Rur
al D
istric
t
Mik
ania
cor
data
Lo
wok
a (N
dali)
Le
af in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly a
s a
stro
ng
Leaf
dec
octio
n us
ed to
relie
ve h
eada
che
(9).
Robi
nson
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
an
tidia
rrho
eic
Leav
es u
sed
as re
med
y fo
r sna
kebi
te (
9). L
eaf
juic
e us
ed fo
r the
trea
tmen
t of p
ainf
ul e
yes
(9)
Pluc
hea
oval
is Sa
nya
Juu,
Hai
Le
af ju
ice
used
as
drop
s in
the
treat
men
t of e
ar
No
repo
rts fo
und
Dist
rict
infe
ctio
n
Sene
cio
lyra
tipar
titus
Ki
raam
buya
(Cha
gga)
Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed a
s a
stro
ng a
nthe
lmin
tic fo
r Po
wde
red
root
app
lied
to w
ound
s (4
) A
. Ric
h Sa
nya
Juu,
rou
nd w
orm
s in
goa
ts H
ai D
istri
ct
Spila
nthe
s m
aurit
iana
Ki
singa
man
a ye
wo
Entir
e pl
ant p
ound
ed, m
ixed
with
wat
er, a
nd
Roo
ts c
hew
ed to
hea
l sor
es in
the
mou
th (
4).
Dc
(Cha
gga)
in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
to a
nim
als
suffe
ring
from
Sa
p fr
om c
rush
ed le
aves
app
lied
loca
lly to
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
gast
roen
terit
is, i
nclu
ding
infla
mm
atio
ns in
the
relie
ve to
ngue
sor
es in
chi
ldre
n (4
). Fl
ower
s bu
ccal
cav
ity
chew
ed to
rel
ieve
toot
hach
e (9
)
Tith
onia
dive
rsifo
lia
Uru
, Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed in
the
treat
men
t of e
xces
s N
o re
ports
fou
nd
A. G
ray
Mos
hi R
ural
Dist
rict
bile
Vern
onia
col
orat
a M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Leaf
infu
sion
mix
ed w
ith le
af in
fusio
n of
Le
aves
che
wed
as
toni
c an
d st
imul
ant.
Roo
ts
Dra
ke
Cler
oden
dron
john
stoni
i use
d as
an
used
as
an e
met
ic o
r feb
rifug
e, an
d to
rel
ieve
an
thel
min
tic
coug
hing
(9)
Vern
onia
losio
pus
Daw
a ya
Don
da
Leaf
infu
sion
used
as
an a
nthe
lmin
tic
Leav
es u
sed
as p
urga
tive.
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed
Ohi
em.
(Sw
ahili
) as
an
aphr
odis
iac
for h
uman
mal
es (4
). Le
af
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
de
coct
ion
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f epi
leps
y an
d ab
dom
inal
diso
rder
s (9
)
Cra
ssul
acea
e Ka
lanc
hoe
dens
iflor
a Im
boko
(C
hagg
a)
Leav
es ro
aste
d an
d us
ed to
mas
sage
infla
med
Le
aves
use
d as
a g
alac
tago
gue
in c
attle
(9)
Rolfe
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
or s
wol
len
parts
of t
he b
ody
912
TA
BL
E I
(co
ntd
)
Ver
nacu
lar
nam
e Fa
mily
Sp
ecie
s (la
ngua
ge) a
nd/o
r M
edic
inal
info
rmat
ion
Dat
a fro
m l
itera
ture
lo
calit
y
Cucu
rbita
ceae
Ze
hner
ia sc
abra
L.f.
Ia
ri (C
hagg
a)
Leav
es c
rush
ed a
nd a
pplie
d on
fres
h w
ound
s as
Su
spec
ted
of b
eing
poi
sono
us (
9)
Sond
. M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
stypt
ic a
nd an
ti-in
flam
mat
ory
Eben
acea
e Eu
clea
div
inor
um
Ngen
enga
(Ch
agga
) Le
aves
pou
nded
, som
e w
ater
add
ed a
nd
No
repo
rts f
ound
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
infu
sion
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f ga
stroe
nter
itis
and
helm
inth
osis
Euph
orbi
acea
e Ac
alyp
ha v
olke
nsii
Sany
a Ju
u,
Leav
es p
ound
ed, m
ixed
with
som
e w
ater
and
R
oots
use
d to
relie
ve e
arac
he a
nd s
trong
Pa
x.
Hai
Dist
rict
dren
ched
for t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f goa
ts su
fferin
g co
ughs
(4)
. Roo
ts b
oile
d in
wat
er a
nd m
ilk
from
pne
umon
ia
adde
d fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f gon
orrh
oea
(4)
Brid
ellia
mic
rant
ha
Maa
rie
(Cha
gga)
B
ark
deco
ctio
n us
ed in
com
bina
tion
with
bar
k B
ark
boile
d as
a re
med
y fo
r sto
mac
h ac
he a
nd
Baill
. Sa
nya
Juu,
de
coct
ions
of A
lang
ium
chi
nens
e,
Com
mip
hora
ta
pew
orm
(4).
Roo
t dec
octio
n ad
min
iste
red
Hai
Dist
rict
zim
mer
man
ii an
d Ek
eber
gia
cape
nsis
in th
e or
ally
to re
lieve
pai
nful
join
ts (4
) or
al tr
eatm
ent o
f an
apla
smos
is
Crot
on
mac
rosta
chys
M
furufu
ru (C
hagg
a)
Leaf
infu
sion
used
as
an a
nthe
lmin
tic a
nd
Leaf
juic
e an
d ju
ice
of th
e fre
sh le
af o
f H
ochs
t ex
. A. R
ich
Mar
angu
, la
xativ
e Em
belia
kili
man
dsch
aric
a us
ed b
y th
e Ch
agga
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
as a
n an
thel
min
tic (4
)
Crot
on
meg
aloc
arpu
s M
kaik
ai (C
hagg
a)
Gro
und
bark
mix
ed w
ith w
ater
and
dre
nche
d Ba
rk p
ound
ed a
nd s
oake
d in
wat
er o
vern
ight
H
utch
. Sa
nya
Juu,
fo
r use
as
a la
xativ
e an
d an
thel
min
tic (4
) us
ed a
s tre
atm
ent f
or in
test
inal
wor
ms
(4) a
nd
Hai
Dis
trict
w
hoop
ing
coug
h (4
, 9).
Cont
ains
toxa
lbum
in (9
)
Crot
on
sylv
atic
us
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
You
ng le
af ju
ice
used
as
drop
s fo
r the
U
sed
by th
e Sw
ati a
s a
rem
edy
for
treat
men
t of e
ar in
fect
ions
an
apla
smos
is (9
). Ro
ot d
ecoc
tion
used
as a
re
med
y fo
r tub
ercu
losis
(4)
. Roo
t use
d as
a
rem
edy
for p
leur
isy
and
indi
gest
ion
(9).
Ora
nge-
colo
ured
ber
ries
pois
onou
s (9
). Le
af
infu
sion
used
as
purg
ativ
e (9
)
Euph
orbi
a tir
ucaí
íí L.
M
uyal
a (N
dali)
M
ilky
sap
care
fully
tapp
ed a
nd sm
eare
d on
the
Late
x us
ed a
s an
em
etic
and
ant
i-syp
hilit
ic (9
). M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
sites
of s
wol
len
lym
ph n
odes
(afte
r sha
ving
the
Roo
t use
d as
an
emet
ic a
nd in
the
treat
men
t of
hair)
for t
reat
men
t of E
ast C
oast
feve
r sn
akeb
ite (9
). La
tex
very
poi
sono
us,
henc
e
care
to b
e ta
ken
whe
n us
ed m
edic
inal
ly (8
, 4)
Man
ihot
glaz
iovi
i Ng
ayew
a (K
isang
u)
Leav
es p
ound
ed a
nd so
aked
in w
ater
. Fre
sh
No
repo
rts f
ound
(A
rg.)
Ruje
wa,
m
ilk a
dded
and
the
mix
ture
adm
inist
ered
M
bara
li D
istri
ct
oral
ly to
an
anim
al b
itten
by
a do
g su
spec
ted
of
rabi
es in
fect
ion.
Tre
atm
ent s
houl
d be
inst
itute
d im
med
iate
ly, i
f pos
sible
, and
not
late
r tha
n th
ree
days
afte
r bi
ting
Phyl
anth
us fis
cher
i M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Entir
e pl
ant c
rush
ed, m
ixed
with
som
e w
ater
N
o re
ports
fou
nd
Pax.
and
dren
ched
for t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f dys
peps
ia in
ca
lves
Rici
nus c
omm
unis
L.
Iwon
u (C
hagg
a)
Leaf
infu
sion
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f See
ds to
xic
for h
orse
s, hu
man
s, g
oats,
pig
s and
M
aran
gu,
diar
rhoe
a in
cal
ves.
Seed
s us
ed a
s a
purg
ativ
e po
ultry
(4).
Roo
t che
wed
and
swal
low
ed fo
r M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
(ove
rdos
age
lead
s to
poi
soni
ng)
treat
men
t of D
racu
ncul
us m
edin
ensi
s
infe
stat
ion
(4).
Leav
es u
sed
to re
lieve
mus
cle
swel
ling
and
as a
febr
ifuge
(10)
. Po
wde
red
leav
es o
r sta
lks
used
as
inse
ctic
ide
(6)
Syna
deni
um v
olke
nsii
Mas
aa (C
hagg
a)
Dry
bar
k po
wde
r use
d in
the
treat
men
t of
No
repo
rts fo
und
Pax.
W
est K
ilim
anja
ro
New
castl
e di
seas
e in
chi
cken
s. La
tex
used
in
the
treat
men
t of E
ast C
oast
feve
r by
smea
ring
on th
e sw
olle
n ly
mph
nod
es. Y
ellow
folia
ge fe
d to
cat
tle a
s gal
acta
gogu
e
Trag
ia fu
rialis
Boj
M
bara
li D
istric
t R
oot d
ecoc
tion
used
in th
e ex
pulsi
on o
f Le
af in
fusio
n fo
rms p
art o
f tre
atm
ent f
or
reta
ined
pla
cent
a sy
phili
s (9
). Tr
agia
sp. u
sed
as a
'war
med
icin
e' in
Wes
t Afri
ca (
2)
Hyp
eric
acea
e Ps
oros
perm
um.
Mwi
sya
(Nda
li)
Roo
t dec
octio
n or
infu
sion
used
in th
e U
sed
in A
ngol
a an
d M
ozam
biqu
e as
feb
rifug
e fe
brifu
gum
Spa
ch
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
tre
atm
ent o
f urin
ogen
itary
trac
t inf
ectio
ns (
9). B
ark
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f lep
rosy
and
as a
n an
tidot
e to
poi
son
(9).
Roo
t and
late
x us
ed a
s pur
gativ
e (9
) oo
914
TA
BL
E I
(co
ntd
)
Ver
nacu
lar
nam
e Fa
mily
Sp
ecie
s (la
ngua
ge)
and/
or
Med
icin
al in
form
atio
n D
ata
from
lite
ratu
re
loca
lity
Labi
atae
Fu
ersti
a afr
icana
K
imam
ho (
Chag
ga)
Leav
es u
sed
in th
e tr
eatm
ent o
f ski
n di
seas
es
Leav
es u
sed
as a
ver
mic
ide
(incl
udin
g fo
r T.
C.E
. Frie
s M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t ho
okw
orm
s), a
s a
purg
ativ
e an
d as
a re
med
y fo
r mal
aria
(9)
. Lea
ves
used
as
a ga
lact
agog
ue
in b
oth
hum
ans
and
anim
als
(9).
Leav
es u
sed
for t
reat
men
t of s
tom
ach
ulce
rs a
nd to
ngue
in
fect
ions
, and
as
a re
med
y fo
r mal
aria
(4)
Iboz
a mu
ltiflo
ra E
.A.
Mwa
che
(Par
e)
Leav
es a
nd/o
r roo
ts us
ed a
s an
ant
helm
intic
R
oot a
nd le
af u
sed
to re
lieve
cou
ghin
g. R
oot
Bru
ce
Sam
e D
istri
ct
and
rem
edy
for g
astro
ente
ritis
al
so u
sed
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f fla
tule
nce
and
as
an e
met
ic (9
)
Oci
mum
gra
tissim
um
Mba
rali
Dis
trict
Se
eds
plac
ed in
the
conj
unct
ival
sac
for
No
repo
rts fo
und
treat
men
t of '
pink
eye
' diso
rder
, and
eve
ntua
lly
was
hed
out b
y te
ars.
Leav
es h
ave
mos
quito
re
pelle
nt p
rope
rty
Plec
thra
nthi
is Ito
lo (
Cha
gga)
Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed in
the
trea
tmen
t of
Leav
es u
sed
for t
reat
men
t of s
tom
ach
ache
, ba
rbat
us A
ndr.
Mar
angu
, ga
stro
ente
ritis
an
d (in
hig
her d
osag
e) a
s a
purg
ativ
e (4
) M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t
Laur
acea
e Ca
ssyt
ha fi
lifor
mis L
. M
beya
Rur
al D
istric
t En
tire
plan
t use
d in
mas
sage
of w
eak
anim
als
In M
aurit
ius,
entir
e pl
ant d
ecoc
tion
whi
ch h
ave
diffi
culty
in s
tand
ing
up. E
ntire
ad
min
ister
ed to
infa
nts s
uffe
ring
from
ric
kets
plan
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s tre
atm
ent f
or
(9).
Dec
octio
n al
so u
sed
as to
nic
and
alte
rativ
e,
diar
rhoe
a an
d to
incr
ease
the
secr
etio
n of
sem
en (9
). Ju
ice
of th
e pl
ant r
elie
ves
infla
mm
atio
n of
the
eye
(9)
Lilia
ceae
Alli
um s
ativ
um L
. Ki
tung
uu S
aum
u Po
unde
d bu
lbs
inco
rpor
ated
in c
hick
en fe
ed
Use
d as
stim
ulan
t, ca
rmin
ativ
e, a
ntis
eptic
, (S
wah
ili)
from
birt
h to
two
wee
ks o
f age
, for
pre
vent
ion
anth
elm
intic
, dia
phor
etic
, exp
ecto
rant
, diu
retic
, M
bara
li D
istri
ct
of S
alm
onel
la p
ullo
rum
infe
ctio
n an
d ty
phoi
d hy
pote
nsiv
e, a
ntis
corb
utic
, aph
rodi
siac
and
di
seas
es. I
nfus
ion
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
to c
alve
s an
tiast
hmat
ic (9
). B
ulb
infu
sion
s us
ed a
s cou
gh
suffe
ring
from
dia
rrho
ea o
r dys
ente
ry
med
icin
e, s
tom
achi
c, a
nd in
the
treat
men
t of
erup
tive
feve
rs a
nd u
lcer
s (2)
9 1 5
Aloe
late
ritia
Iw
ata
(Nda
li)
Poun
ded
leav
es a
dmin
iste
red
oral
ly to
ani
mal
s N
o re
ports
fou
nd
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
for e
xpul
sion
of re
tain
ed p
lace
nta,
also
use
d in
w
ound
trea
tmen
t. R
oast
ed le
aves
use
d fo
r m
assa
ge in
infla
mm
atio
ns
Aloe
vol
kens
ii Ira
to
ne
(Cha
gga)
Le
af ju
ice
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f wou
nds
and
Leaf
juic
e us
ed in
trea
tmen
t of b
urns
, and
also
M
aran
gu,
for e
xpul
sion
of re
tain
ed a
fterb
irth.
Use
d as
fo
r wea
ning
by
rubb
ing
on th
e ni
pple
(9)
. Ver
y M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
rat/m
ouse
repe
llent
by
pain
ting
the
juic
e on
the
smal
l am
ount
s of
juic
e al
so u
sed
as a
bo
dies
of y
oung
live
stock
pre
serv
ativ
e fo
r but
ter
(9)
Aspa
ragu
s af
rican
us
Ngon
daro
(N
dali)
Ro
ot d
ecoc
tion
used
as
a ge
nera
l ant
idot
e an
d Th
e Ta
ita (
sout
hern
Ken
ya)
use
the
plan
t in
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
febr
ifuge
th
e tre
atm
ent o
f bub
onic
pla
gue
(4)
Aspa
ragu
s ra
cem
osus
Ng
onda
ro (
Nda
li)
Root
dec
octio
n us
ed a
s a
gene
ral a
ntid
ote
and
No
repo
rts f
ound
M
beya
Rur
al D
istric
t fe
brifu
ge
Urgi
nea
altis
ma
Bak
Mbo
zi D
istric
t Bu
lbs
poun
ded
and
plac
ed o
ver w
ound
s U
sed
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f rhe
umat
ism
in th
e kn
ee (
2). T
oxic
to li
vesto
ck in
Sou
th A
fric
a (9
). In
the
Cape
Pro
vinc
e of
Sou
th A
frica
, fle
shy
scal
es o
f the
bul
b ap
plie
d to
lim
bs a
ffect
ed
with
gou
t (9)
. Bul
bs fr
om T
anga
nyik
a co
ntai
n ha
emol
ytic
sap
ogen
in a
nd o
rgan
ic a
cid
(9)
Loga
niac
eae
Nuxi
a co
nges
ta
Mor
inga
(Ch
agga
) Le
aves
use
d to
fum
igat
e an
imal
s su
fferin
g fro
m
Use
d as
a m
edic
ine
by th
e H
otte
ntot
s of
Sou
th
Fres
en
Mar
angu
, m
astit
is an
d hi
gh a
ltitu
de s
ickn
ess
Afr
ica
(9)
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
Stry
chno
s sp
. M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed in
the
treat
men
t of
No
repo
rts fo
und
abno
rmal
ure
thra
l disc
harg
es
Mel
asto
mat
acea
e D
issot
is Ur
inga
(Ch
agga
) Le
aves
use
d in
the
treat
men
t of d
ysen
tery
and
U
sed
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f cou
gh, s
ores
and
se
nega
mbi
ensis
Gui
ll.
Mam
ba,
diar
rhoe
a in
cal
ves
haem
opty
sis
(2)
and
Perd
. Tr
iana
var
. M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
alpe
stris
(Tau
b) A
. an
d R.
Fer
nand
es
Mel
iace
ae
Ekeb
ergi
a ca
pens
is M
vahi
(Cha
gga)
Ba
rk d
ecoc
tion
used
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith b
ark
Bark
use
d by
the
Zulu
as
an e
met
ic, a
nd r
oot
Spar
rm.
Sany
a Ju
u,
deco
ctio
ns o
f Brid
ellia
mic
rant
ha, C
omm
ipho
ra
used
as
a re
med
y fo
r dys
ente
ry (9
). Ba
rk
Hai
Dist
rict
zim
mer
man
ii an
d Al
angi
um c
hine
nse
in th
e co
ntai
ns 7
.23%
tan
nins
(9)
oral
trea
tmen
t of a
napl
asm
osis
916
TA
BL
E I
(co
ntd
)
Ver
nacu
lar
nam
e Fa
mily
Sp
ecie
s (la
ngua
ge) a
nd/o
r M
edic
inal
info
rmat
ion
Dat
a fro
m l
itera
ture
lo
calit
y
Mel
iace
ae
Trich
ilia
emet
ica
Val
. M
afur
a, T
ukuy
u G
roun
d se
eds
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f whi
te
Maf
ura
oil d
oes
not b
ecom
e ra
ncid
(2).
Bar
k (c
ontd
) D
istric
t ba
cilla
ry d
iarr
hoea
in c
hick
ens.
Als
o us
ed a
s us
ed a
s an
em
etic
, and
root
as
a pu
rgat
ive
(2).
anth
elm
intic
. One
see
d is
suffi
cien
t to
treat
R
oot a
lso u
sed
for t
reat
men
t of c
ough
and
ea
ch b
ird
thru
sh (
cand
idos
is) (
9). B
ark
used
as
enem
a in
So
uth
Afri
ca a
nd fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f bac
k pa
in
and
rect
al u
lcer
atio
ns in
chi
ldre
n (2
, 9).
Bark
de
coct
ion
non-
toxi
c (9
). Po
unde
d ba
rk o
r oi
ntm
ent f
rom
see
ds u
sed
in W
est A
fric
a fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f par
asiti
c sk
in d
iseas
es,
itchi
ng,
ringw
orm
, etc
. (2)
Men
ispe
rmac
eae
Ciss
ampe
los
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
R
oot d
ecoc
tion
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
and
G
row
n as
a m
edic
inal
pla
nt in
gar
dens
of
muc
rom
ata
A. R
ich
pow
dere
d ro
ot lo
cally
in th
e tr
eatm
ent o
f co
asta
l reg
ions
in W
est A
fric
a (2
). Le
aves
sn
akeb
ite. R
oot d
ecoc
tion
used
to c
ure
poun
ded,
mix
ed w
ith p
ound
ed b
ark
of
helm
inth
osis
of t
he in
test
inal
trac
t Ve
rnom
ia a
myg
dalin
a an
d ad
min
iste
red
to
cow
s af
ter b
irth
to fa
cilit
ate
the
expu
lsio
n of
pl
acen
ta (
4)
Ciss
ampe
los p
arei
ra
Ruj
ewa,
R
oots
mix
ed w
ith th
e ro
ots
of L
aune
a co
rnut
a Ro
ot in
fusio
n us
ed in
the
treat
men
t of t
hroa
t L.
var
. arb
icul
ata
Mba
rali
Dist
rict
to p
repa
re a
n in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
both
ora
lly
ailm
ents
, col
ds, c
ough
s an
d sn
akeb
ite. L
eave
s D
.C. M
igue
l an
d lo
cally
as a
rem
edy
for s
nake
bite
an
d ro
ots
chew
ed fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f sto
mac
h an
d pr
egna
ncy
pain
s (4
). Le
aves
use
d fo
r tre
atm
ent
of m
uscl
e in
flam
mat
ion,
and
cru
shed
lea
ves
used
as
an a
ntid
ote
to s
nake
bite
(10
)
Mim
osac
eae
Acac
ia
Ndom
ondi
(N
dali)
Ro
ot p
owde
r (ha
s a
very
repu
gnan
t sm
ell)
No
repo
rts f
ound
am
ythe
thop
hylla
Iw
ambi
, us
ed a
s a
snak
e re
pelle
nt; s
prea
d in
the h
idin
g St
eud
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
pl
aces
of s
nake
s, m
akin
g th
em fl
ee
Acac
ia s
tulh
man
ii Iw
ambi
, R
oot p
owde
r (al
so h
as a
repu
gnan
t sm
ell)
used
N
o re
ports
fou
nd
Bre
nan
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
as
a s
nake
rep
elle
nt
Alb
izia
an
thel
min
tica
Lim
ulim
uli
(Heh
e)
Roo
t ba
rk d
ecoc
tion
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
to
Roo
t ba
rk u
sed
as a
nthe
lmin
tic
agai
nst
A.
Bro
ngn.
R
ujew
a,
anim
als
as a
n an
thel
min
tic,
esp
ecia
lly a
gain
st
tape
wor
m (
4).
Use
d as
feb
rifu
ge a
nd p
urga
tive
M
bara
li D
istr
ict
tape
wor
m.
Roo
t so
aked
in
wat
er f
or s
ever
al
(9).
Use
d as
an
aphr
odis
iac
by M
asai
wom
en
days
and
the
inf
usio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly t
o (4
, 9)
. U
sed
as r
emed
y fo
r sy
phili
s an
d an
imal
s fo
r th
e tr
eatm
ent
of b
lack
leg
gono
rrho
ea,
also
as
a co
ntra
cept
ive
(9).
Bar
k us
ed f
or t
reat
men
t of
mal
aria
(4)
. B
ark
and
root
con
tain
kos
otox
in (
9)
Mor
acea
e F
icus
tho
ning
ii M
fum
u (C
hagg
a)
Bar
k an
d ro
ot d
ecoc
tion
used
as
a R
oot
used
as
a ga
lact
agog
ue (
9).
Pow
dere
d B
lum
e M
aran
gu,
gala
ctag
ogue
in
catt
le
bark
use
d fo
r tr
eatm
ent
of w
ound
s, a
nd b
ark
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
tric
t de
coct
ion
used
for
tre
atm
ent
of c
olds
and
th
roat
ail
men
ts (
9).
Bar
k us
ed a
s a
gala
ctag
ogue
(9,
4)
Fic
us
voge
lii M
kuu
(Cha
gga)
B
ark
deco
ctio
n us
ed a
s a
gala
ctag
ogue
in
catt
le
Lat
ex (
cont
ains
tan
nins
) us
ed a
s st
ypti
c an
d fo
r M
aran
gu,
trea
tmen
t of
den
tal
cari
es (
9).
Bar
k in
fusi
on
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
tric
t us
ed i
n th
e tr
eatm
ent
of le
prou
s ul
cers
, an
d as
a
stom
achi
c, a
stri
ngen
t, an
tidi
arrh
oeic
and
an
tidys
ente
ric
(9)
Myr
sina
ceae
E
mbe
lia
Sach
ona
(Mas
ai)
Seed
s us
ed a
s a
rem
edy
for
helm
inth
osis
and
Fr
uit
used
by
the
Mas
ai a
s pu
rgat
ive
(mix
ed
kilim
ands
char
ica
Aru
sha
pneu
mon
ia.
Fru
it u
sed
as p
urga
tive.
Wea
k an
d w
ith
hot
mil
k or
blo
od)
(9).
Roo
t an
d dr
y se
eds
Gilg
. yo
ung
anim
als
are
not
trea
ted
with
eit
her
the
used
as
anth
elm
inti
c, a
nd t
he p
lant
yie
lds
seed
s or
fru
it, a
s th
ese
are
cons
ider
ed t
oo s
tron
g 7.
58%
em
belin
(9)
Em
belia
sch
impe
ri
Nge
zi (
Cha
gga)
Se
eds
used
as
a la
xati
ve a
nd a
nthe
lmin
tic
Frui
t, ro
ot, l
eaf
and
bark
use
d as
ant
helm
intic
s V
atke
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istr
ict
(9).
Fru
it y
ield
s 5.
36%
to
7.5%
em
beli
n an
d al
so t
oxal
bum
in (
9)
Myr
tace
ae
Psi
dium
gua
java
L.
Mpe
ra (
Cha
gga)
In
fusi
on o
f lea
ves
and
poun
ded
unri
pe f
ruit
Lea
f an
d flo
wer
poss
ess
anti
bact
eria
l act
ivity
, Sa
nya
Juu,
us
ed a
s an
ant
idia
rrho
eic,
ant
acid
em
ollie
nt
and
extr
acts
of
the f
low
er ha
ve g
iven
pos
itive
H
ai D
istr
ict
and
febr
ifug
e re
sult
s in
ant
ibio
tic
test
s ag
ains
t M
ycob
acte
rium
tub
ercu
losi
s (9
). L
eaf
deco
ctio
n ap
plie
d ex
tern
ally
for
tre
atm
ent
of p
rola
psus
an
d in
chi
ldre
n. U
nrip
e fr
uit h
as a
stri
ngen
t and
an
tidia
rrho
eic
prop
erti
es (
2).
Lea
ves
have
¡o
ve
rmic
ide
actio
n (1
) -J
918
TA
BL
E I
(co
ntd
)
Ver
nacu
lar
nam
e Fa
mily
Sp
ecie
s (la
ngua
ge)
and/
or
Med
icin
al in
form
atio
n D
ata
from
lite
ratu
re
loca
lity
Ola
cace
ae
Xim
enia
caffr
a So
nd.
Ruj
ewa,
Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed in
the
trea
tmen
t of e
ye
Poun
ded
leav
es a
dded
to a
littl
e w
ater
and
one
M
bara
li D
istri
ct
infla
mm
atio
n dr
op a
pplie
d lo
cally
to it
chy
eyes
, als
o fo
r tr
eatm
ent o
f tra
chom
a (4
). Le
aves
use
d to
pr
epar
e ey
e lo
tion
to r
elie
ve in
flam
mat
ion
(9).
Leav
es u
sed
in t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f sto
mac
h pa
ins
(4).
Leaf
dec
octio
n w
ith H
omer
a pa
llida
use
d as
an
aphr
odis
iac
in b
ulls
(9).
Root
use
d as
a
rem
edy
for f
ever
and
dia
rrho
ea (9
). Le
af
and/
or ro
ot d
ecoc
tion
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f w
orm
infe
stat
ions
and
syp
hilis
(9)
Ole
acea
e Ja
smin
um flu
min
ense
Jasm
ini (
Swah
ili)
Leav
es p
ound
ed a
nd u
sed
as a
loca
l rem
edy
for
Leaf
, roo
t and
bar
k us
ed a
s an
ant
idot
e to
Ru
jew
a,
snak
ebite
sn
akeb
ite (
9). R
oot u
sed
for t
reat
men
t of
Mba
rali
Dis
trict
sn
akeb
ite (
4)
Ole
a af
rican
a La
m.
Mse
nevu
, Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed in
the
tre
atm
ent o
f In
fusi
on o
f fre
sh b
ark
used
to
relie
ve c
olic
and
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
babe
siosis
ey
e in
flam
mat
ion
in a
nim
als
(9).
Pow
dere
d le
af
used
as
styp
tic (
9)
Papi
llion
acea
e Al
bizi
a pe
ters
iana
M
kuu
(Cha
gga)
Le
af in
fusio
n ad
min
iste
red
to a
nim
als
with
No
repo
rts f
ound
Bo
lle
Sany
a Juu
, Hai
Dist
rict
diar
rhoe
a
Calp
urni
a au
rea
(Art.
M
lata
ngao
(Ch
agga
) H
ighl
y-pr
ized
med
icin
al p
lant
. Lea
f inf
usio
n U
sed
to k
ill m
aggo
ts pr
esen
t on
wou
nds
(9)
Bent
h.)
Mos
hi R
ural
Dist
rict
used
as
a re
med
y fo
r fev
er, a
nd a
lso in
the
treat
men
t of p
neum
onia
in c
attle
Dol
icho
s Ny
oong
we (
Nda
li)
Root
infu
sion
used
as
a re
med
y fo
r col
ic
Root
s bo
iled,
stra
ined
and
mix
ed w
ith n
ativ
e ki
liman
dsch
aric
us
Iwam
bi,
beer
for t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f dys
ente
ry (4
) Ta
ub
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
Dol
icho
s tri
nerv
atus
Ny
achi
nyoo
ngwa
Tu
bero
us r
oot p
ound
ed, s
ome
wat
er a
dded
, N
o re
ports
fou
nd
Bak
(Nda
li)
and
dren
ched
as
a tr
eatm
ent f
or c
alve
s with
M
beya
Rur
al D
istr
ict
diar
rhoe
a
919
Gly
cine
wig
htii
Ovu
ndov
undo
Lea
f dec
octio
n or
infu
sion
used
as
a ge
nera
l Le
aves
hav
e em
etic
pro
perti
es (9
) (W
ight
and
Am
.) (C
hagg
a)
antid
ote
to p
oiso
ning
V
erdc
. ss
p.
Uru
, ps
eudo
java
nica
Tau
b M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Ver
dc. v
ar.
pseu
doja
vani
ca
Indi
gofer
a sp
. Iw
ambi
, Le
aves
pou
nded
and
use
d fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f N
o re
ports
foun
d M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
fresh
wou
nds
and
deep
cut
s
Indi
gofer
a ar
recta
M
nawa
nawa
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s a
rem
edy
for
Juic
e fro
m p
eele
d ro
ot is
a v
alua
ble
rem
edy
for
Hoc
hst
ex. A
. Ric
h (C
hagg
a)
gast
roen
terit
is
flatu
lenc
e an
d co
lic. P
ound
ed ro
ot m
ixed
with
M
aran
gu,
tar a
pplie
d lo
cally
for t
reat
men
t of
skin
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t irr
itatio
n (9
)
Sesb
ania
mic
rant
ha
Iche
yech
e (C
hagg
a)
Leav
es p
ound
ed a
nd u
sed
as a
loca
l rem
edy
for
No
repo
rts f
ound
Ph
il.
and
Hut
ch.
Kiru
a,
supe
rfici
al b
urns
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Teph
rosia
vog
elii
Utup
a (S
wah
ili)
Leaf
pow
der o
r jui
ce u
sed
as a
pow
erfu
l Le
aves
use
d as
fish
poi
son.
Drie
d le
af r
emai
ns
Hoo
k (f)
M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
pest
icid
e w
ith in
sect
icid
al, a
caric
idal
and
to
xic
to b
acte
ria, i
nsec
ts an
d fis
h fo
r a lo
ng
larv
icid
al a
ctio
n tim
e (9
). Le
af is
effi
cien
t par
asiti
cide
aga
inst
fle
as a
nd li
ce. L
eaf a
nd s
eeds
pos
sess
ap
prox
imat
ely
the
sam
e de
gree
of t
oxic
ity a
s ni
cotin
e (9
). Tw
ig e
xtra
ct r
epel
s biti
ng fl
ies a
nd
hors
efly
, and
also
use
d in
the
treat
men
t of
man
ge (
9). W
eak
infu
sion
has a
ntih
elm
intic
ac
tion
(act
ive
subs
tanc
e is
teph
rosi
n) (
9)
Pass
iflor
acea
e Ad
enia
gum
mife
ra
Olo
ru (
Chag
ga)
Pow
dere
d le
af p
oulti
ces
used
in th
e tr
eatm
ent
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s re
med
y fo
r go
norr
hoea
(H
arm
s)
Sany
a Ju
u, H
ai
of fo
ot a
nd m
outh
dis
ease
lesio
ns, a
nd a
lso in
an
d di
arrh
oea.
Als
o ad
min
iste
red
with
milk
for
Dis
trict
th
e tre
atm
ent o
f pus
tula
r sto
mat
itis
trea
tmen
t of a
naem
ia (
4). R
oot c
hew
ed fo
r tr
eatm
ent o
f sna
kebi
te (4
)
Peda
liace
ae
Sesa
mum
U
sam
bwe
(Nda
li)
Leav
es u
sed
as a
laxa
tive
Poun
ded
leav
es a
dded
to w
ater
and
app
lied
angu
stifo
lium
(Oliv
.) M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
loca
lly fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f eye
ailm
ents
, and
ora
lly
Engl
. fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f dia
rrho
ea in
infa
nts.
Roo
ts
boile
d, a
nd a
dmin
iste
red
twic
e a
day
as a
n
920
TA
BL
E I
(co
ntd
)
Ver
nacu
lar n
ame
Fam
ily
Spec
ies
(lang
uage
) an
d/or
M
edic
inal
info
rmat
ion
Dat
a fr
om li
tera
ture
lo
calit
y
Poly
gona
ceae
O
xygo
num
sinu
atum
M
biin
u (C
hagg
a)
Roo
t lot
ion
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f inf
lam
ed
Leav
es p
ress
ed b
etw
een
palm
s to
squ
eeze
out
M
eisn
. M
aran
gu,
eyes
ju
ice.
Dro
ps th
en a
pplie
d lo
cally
for t
reat
men
t of
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
ey
es. R
oot d
ecoc
tion
also
adm
inis
tere
d fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f eye
ailm
ents
and
gono
rrho
ea (4
)
Prot
eace
ae
Gre
vea
sp.
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
R
oots
boi
led
toge
ther
with
roo
ts of
Cas
sia N
o re
ports
fou
nd
siam
ea a
nd D
raca
ena
dere
men
sis fo
r tre
atm
ent
of u
rinar
y tra
ct in
fect
ions
Rha
mna
ceae
Rh
amnu
s pru
noid
es
Msh
imba
num
ba
Leaf
infu
sion
mix
ed w
ith le
af in
fusio
n of
mal
e R
oot d
ecoc
tion
used
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f L'
Her
it (C
hagg
a)
fern
and
use
d as
an
anth
elm
intic
go
norr
hoea
. Roo
t dec
octio
n w
ith th
e ba
rk o
f M
aran
gu,
Eryt
hrin
a ab
ysin
ica
used
to re
lieve
col
ic (4
). M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t Ro
ot (o
r som
etim
es le
af) d
ecoc
tion
or in
fusio
n us
ed
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f abn
orm
al u
reth
ral d
ischa
rges
(2
). R
oot d
ecoc
tion
also
use
d fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f lu
mba
go a
nd sc
rofu
lous
con
ditio
ns (2
)
Zizip
hus a
bysin
ica
Msh
ao (
Iwam
bi)
Roo
t dec
octio
n ad
min
iste
red
oral
ly fo
r A
sh fr
om b
urnt
leaf
mix
ed w
ith s
alt a
nd a
pplie
d H
ochs
t K
. Sch
um.
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
tre
atm
ent o
f urin
ogen
itary
infe
ctio
ns
loca
lly in
the
treat
men
t of t
onsil
itis.
Hea
ted
leav
es u
sed
by th
e N
yanj
a as
a fo
men
tatio
n fo
r th
e ch
est i
n th
e tre
atm
ent o
f pne
umon
ia (
9).
Roo
t dec
octio
n ha
s ab
ortif
acie
nt p
rope
rties
. D
ry ro
ots
rubb
ed o
n ch
est l
esio
ns fo
r tre
atm
ent
of p
neum
onia
(4).
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f ast
hma
(4)
Rosa
ceae
Py
geum
afri
canu
m
Muu
ri (C
hagg
a)
Bark
dec
octio
n us
ed in
com
bina
tion
with
bar
k B
ark
cont
ains
am
ygda
lin a
nd y
ield
s H
ook
Mar
angu
, de
coct
ions
of B
ridel
lia m
icra
ntha
, Ala
ngiu
m
hydr
ocya
nic
acid
(9)
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istri
ct
chin
ense
an
d Co
mm
ipho
ra z
imm
erm
anii
in
the
oral
trea
tmen
t of a
napl
asm
osis
921
Rub
iace
ae
Pave
tta c
rass
ipes
K.
Isew
ese
(Nda
li)
Leaf
infu
sion
used
as
a fe
brifu
ge
Leav
es u
sed
in T
anga
nyik
a in
the
treat
men
t of
Schu
m. I
wam
bi,
gono
rrho
ea. L
eaf i
nfus
ion
used
in C
entra
l M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
Afr
ica
for t
reat
men
t of c
ough
s. In
Wes
t A
frica
, le
af u
sed
as fo
odstu
ff (9
)
Pent
as s
p.
Mos
erek
a (C
hagg
a)
Leaf
infu
sion
used
as
purg
ativ
e Le
aves
use
d as
dra
stic
pur
gativ
e by
the
Chag
ga
Mw
ika,
an
d K
amba
(10,
4).
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed f
or
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
tre
atm
ent o
f gon
orrh
oea
and
syph
ilis.
Roo
t an
d le
af u
sed
as to
nic
for c
hild
ren
(4)
Lasio
thus
M
nden
gend
enge
Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed a
s an
ant
helm
intic
aga
inst
No
repo
rts fo
und
kilim
ands
char
icus
(C
hagg
a)
roun
d w
orm
s M
aran
gu,
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
Rut
acea
e Te
clea
simpl
icifo
lia
Maa
rai (
Chag
ga)
Roo
t pow
der m
ixed
with
root
pow
der o
f Lea
f use
d by
the
Mas
ai in
the
treat
men
t of
V
erdo
on
Mar
angu
, Em
belia
schi
mpe
ri fo
r the
trea
tmen
t of u
rinar
y pn
eum
onia
. Lea
f dec
octio
n w
ith m
ilk u
sed
by
Mos
hi R
ural
Dist
rict
tract
infe
ctio
ns
the
Zigu
a fo
r tre
atm
ent o
f lun
g di
seas
e (9
). R
oots
cla
imed
to b
e po
ison
ous
(8)
Xant
hoxy
lum
M
rung
urun
gu
Roo
t bar
k in
fusi
on u
sed
oral
ly in
the
treat
men
t Th
e N
yam
wez
i use
twig
s as
toot
hbru
shes
and
ch
alib
eum
(= F
ag
ara
(Sw
ahili
) of
hel
min
thos
is a
nd p
neum
onia
pou
nded
root
mix
ed w
ith o
x fa
t as
an o
intm
ent
chal
ibea
) R
ujew
a,
for a
pplic
atio
n to
sw
ellin
gs. T
hey
also
use
roo
t M
bara
li D
istri
ct
bark
dec
octio
n as
a g
argl
e to
forti
fy a
nd a
s an
em
etic
in c
ases
of f
ever
(9)
Sapi
ndac
eae
Dod
onea
visc
osa
L.
Msin
go (
Cha
gga)
Le
aves
(po
unde
d or
fres
h) u
sed
for t
he
Leav
es (
som
ewha
t sou
r- an
d bi
tter-
tast
ing)
Ja
cq.
Mar
angu
, tre
atm
ent o
f foo
t and
mou
th d
iseas
e le
sions
. ch
ewed
as
stim
ulan
t (2)
. Lea
ves
used
as a
M
oshi
Rur
al D
istric
t Le
af in
fusio
n us
ed in
the
treat
men
t of E
ast
febr
ifuge
in e
aste
rn S
udan
and
in p
repa
ratio
n Co
ast f
ever
of
a lo
tion
appl
ied
to s
prai
ns a
nd b
ruis
es (
2).
Leaf
has
topi
cal a
ntip
rurit
ic a
ctio
n, a
nd a
lso
used
as
a fe
brifu
ge, i
n th
e tre
atm
ent o
f thr
oat
ailm
ents
and
as
an a
nti-r
heum
atic
(9)
922
TA
BL
E I
(co
ntd
)
Ver
nacu
lar
nam
e Fa
mily
Sp
ecie
s (la
ngua
ge)
and/
or
Med
icin
al in
form
atio
n D
ata
from
lite
ratu
re
loca
lity
Sola
nace
ae
Sola
num
inca
num
Nd
uo (
Chag
ga)
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed a
s an
ant
helm
intic
for
Roo
t dec
octio
n us
ed in
the
trea
tmen
t of
Uru
, ro
undw
orm
s in
goa
ts ab
dom
inal
pai
n, d
yspe
psia
, fev
er, s
tom
ach
Mos
hi R
ural
Dis
trict
ac
he, i
ndig
estio
n, to
otha
che
and
snak
ebite
(4)
. Le
aves
also
use
d in
the
treat
men
t of
eara
che
and
fresh
cut
s or
wou
nds
(4)
Thym
elac
acea
e G
nidi
a kr
ausii
Nd
indi
ndi (
Nda
li)
Pow
dere
d ro
ot u
sed
as fi
sh p
oiso
n, in
sect
icid
e N
o re
ports
fou
nd
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
and
acar
icid
e
Tilia
ceae
Tr
ium
phet
a sp
. M
nato
(N
dali)
Ro
ots
poun
ded
and
fed
to a
nim
als
suffe
ring
No
repo
rts fo
und
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
fro
m c
olic
Ver
bena
ceae
Cl
erod
endr
on
Ijook
a (N
dali)
Le
af in
fusi
on u
sed
for t
reat
men
t of
Leav
es u
sed
by th
e Ch
agga
as
an e
xpec
tora
nt
john
ston
ü O
liv.
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dis
trict
he
lmin
thos
is an
d in
the
trea
tmen
t of d
yspe
psia
(9)
. Lea
ves
chew
ed/p
ound
ed fo
r use
in th
e tre
atm
ent o
f ab
dom
inal
/sto
mac
h pa
ins (
4)
Vita
ceae
Rh
oici
ssus
trid
enta
ta
Igom
bole
(U
mal
ila)
Roo
ts p
ound
ed, m
ixed
with
wat
er a
nd
No
repo
rts f
ound
L.
f. W
ill a
nd D
rum
M
beya
Rur
al D
istri
ct
dren
ched
for a
nim
als
suffe
ring
from
urin
ary
tract
infe
ctio
n
Viti
dace
ae C
issus
pro
duct
a A
fzel
D
awa
ya J
ipu
Roo
ts (
cons
istin
g of
tube
rs o
f var
ious
siz
es a
nd
No
repo
rts f
ound
(S
wah
ili)
shap
es) p
ound
ed, m
ixed
with
wat
er, a
nd
Mbe
ya R
ural
Dist
rict
adm
inis
tere
d or
ally
to a
nim
als
suffe
ring
from
tu
mou
rs
923
DISCUSSION
F r o m t h e e n q u i r i e s u n d e r t a k e n , p l a n t spec ies a r e r e p o r t e d l y a b l e t o c o m b a t th i r ty -eight d i f ferent i l lnesses (Tab le I ) . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r a p e u t i c subs t ances , t h e r e w e r e a lso p roduc ts with r a r e p r o p e r t i e s , such as t h o s e used for repe l l ing snakes : d a n g e r o u s s n a k e s can b e k e p t a w a y f rom an ima l enc losu re s by m e r e l y sp ray ing t h e p o w d e r e d r o o t of t h e p lan t s in q u e s t i o n , n a m e l y Acacia amythethophylla S t e u d a n d / o r Acacia stulhmanii Brenan , which g row copious ly in t he a r ea s s tud ied .
T h e f o r m s of i l l nes s m o s t o f t e n e n c o u n t e r e d w e r e g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l d i s o r d e r s , inc luding h e l m i n t h o s i s . O t h e r p a t h o l o g i c a l s t a t e s e n c o u n t e r e d a t c o m p a r a t i v e l y h igh f requencies w e r e w o u n d s a n d u r e t h r a l in fec t ions . L o c a l t r e a t m e n t of classical d i seases such as E a s t C o a s t f ever ( loca l n a m e : Ndigana Kali), a n a p l a s m o s i s (Ndigana Baridi), blackleg (Chambavu) a n d rab ies was also r e p o r t e d , wi th h igh cu re r a t e s . T h e efficacy of the t r e a t m e n t in t he se d iseases shou ld h o w e v e r b e assessed t h r o u g h field a n d l a b o r a t o r y research involving in vivo a n d in vitro m e t h o d s .
This s tudy also r e v e a l e d t h a t t he p l a n t p a r t m o s t f r equen t ly u s e d was t h e leaf (used in 66 t r e a t m e n t s f rom a t o t a l of 117) . O t h e r p a r t s u s e d w e r e r o o t s (32 t r e a t m e n t s ) , b a r k (11 t r e a t m e n t s ) , seeds (6 t r e a t m e n t s ) a n d fruit (1 t r e a t m e n t ) . T h e en t i r e p lan t was u s e d in 5 t r e a t m e n t s .
D o s a g e w a s a v e r y p r o b l e m a t i c p a r a m e t e r , as t h i s v a r i e d g r e a t l y b e t w e e n t h e herbalists consu l t ed . In s o m e cases , o n e herba l i s t p r o p o s e d twice t h e a m o u n t p r o p o s e d by a n o t h e r h e r b a l i s t , w h i l e ye t a n o t h e r p r o p o s e d o n l y half as m u c h . H o w e v e r , g r e a t p r e c a u t i o n s w e r e t a k e n w h e n p r e s c r i b i n g a p l a n t w h i c h was k n o w n t o b e tox ic t o t h e r e c i p i e n t a n i m a l s . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , p l a n t s w h i c h w e r e n o t t o x i c t o a n i m a l s w e r e prescr ibed in h igh dosages , a n d herba l i s t s s t rongly e m p h a s i s e d tha t t h e p l a n t was qu i t e safe, a n d w o u l d c h e w a n d inges t s o m e of t h e m e d i c i n e t h e m s e l v e s t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h e absence of side-effects, even in t he case of o v e r d o s a g e .
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S
T h e a u t h o r is deep ly grateful t o S.P K i b u w a of t he N a t i o n a l H e r b a r i u m a t t h e T P R I , without w h o s e efforts in ident i fy ing t h e b u l k of p l a n t s r e p o r t e d h e r e , this p a p e r w o u l d not h a v e b e e n poss ib l e . T h a n k s a r e a lso d u e t o B . M h o r o of t h e T M R U at M u h i m b i l i , Dar es S a l a a m , for ident i fy ing s o m e of t h e p l a n t s . Final ly, t h e a u t h o r is g ra te fu l t o t h e Assis tant C o m m i s s i o n e r of L ive s tock , G .L . K o m b a for a u t h o r i s i n g t h e wr i t i ng of th is paper, a n d to t h e D i r e c t o r of t h e A n i m a l D i s e a s e s R e s e a r c h In s t i t u t e , D a r es S a l a a m , for his e n c o u r a g e m e n t .
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UTILISATION D E S P L A N T E S M É D I C I N A L E S P O U R L A P R O T E C T I O N D E L A SANTÉ A N I M A L E E N T A N Z A N I E . - M.M.J. Minja.
Résumé : La phytothérapie occupe une place de premier choix dans tous les systèmes de médecine traditionnelle du monde entier. C'est notamment le cas dans les pays en développement où les médicaments importés sont très coûteux
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et donc inaccessibles à la grande majorité de la population. Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une étude ethnobotanique effectuée dans trois grandes régions de Tanzanie, celles d'Arusha, du Kilimandjaro et de Mbeya. L'étude porte, en particulier, sur l'utilisation des plantes à usage vétérinaire. En tout, 103 espèces appartenant à 48 familles sont collectées pour leurs vertus médicinales. La famille des Composées fournit le plus grand nombre d'espèces (13), suivie par les Euphorbiacées (10) et les Papilionacées (9). Trente-huit types de cas pathologiques différents sont ainsi traités, dont les plus fréquents sont les troubles gastro-intestinaux, les helminthiases, les blessures et les infections de l'urètre.
M O T S - C L É S : Médec ine t radi t ionnel le - P lan tes médicinales - Ressources naturelles - Santé animale - Tanzanie.
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U S O D E P L A N T A S M E D I C I N A L E S P A R A L A S A N I D A D A N I M A L EN T A N Z A N I A . - M.M.J. Minja.
Resumen: La fitoterapia ocupa un lugar de gran importancia en todos los sistemas de medicina tradicional del mundo. Esto es tanto más así en los países en vías de desarrollo, en que la importación de medicamentos resulta muy costosa e inaccesible a la mayoría de la población. El autor presenta los resultados de un estudio etnobotánico, referido en particular a plantas de uso veterinario, que se realizó en tres grandes regiones de Tanzania: Arusha, Kilimanjaro y Mbeya. Se colectan en total 103 especies vegetales, pertenecientes a 48 familias, por su valor medicinal. La familia de las compuestas incluye la mayor cantidad de especies (13), seguida de las euforbiáceas (10) y las papilionáceas (9). Treinta y ocho tipos de patologías diferentes son así tratados, dentro de los cuales los más frecuentes son los trastornos del aparato digestivo, las helmintiasis, las heridas y las infecciones de la uretra.
P A L A B R A S CLAVE: Medicina tradicional - Plantas medicinales - Recursos naturales - Sanidad animal - Tanzania.
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