Methane Hydrate Resource Potential Methane Hydrate Resource Potential Associated with the Barrow Gas FieldsAssociated with the Barrow Gas Fields

Arctic Energy SummitArctic Energy SummitAnchorage, AlaskaAnchorage, Alaska

October 2007October 2007

Tom WalshTom WalshPete Stokes Pete Stokes

Steve MacRaeSteve MacRae

OutlineOutline

•• IntroductionIntroduction•• Geologic OverviewGeologic Overview•• Hydrate ResourceHydrate Resource•• Interim Study ResultsInterim Study Results•• ConclusionsConclusions•• AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

North Slope BoroughNorth Slope Borough

•• 95,000 sq. miles, largest 95,000 sq. miles, largest ““countycounty”” in U.S.in U.S.•• More land area than state of IdahoMore land area than state of Idaho•• 7,385 residents (7,385 residents (2000 census2000 census), nine villages), nine villages•• Over 15 Billion bbls of oil produced within NSB Over 15 Billion bbls of oil produced within NSB

over last 30 yearsover last 30 years

•• Barrow is the economic, transportation and Barrow is the economic, transportation and administrative hub of the NSBadministrative hub of the NSB

•• ~4,500 Barrow residents, consume ~1.3BSCF ~4,500 Barrow residents, consume ~1.3BSCF natural gas/year for heating and powernatural gas/year for heating and power

U.S. Navy Active in NPRU.S. Navy Active in NPR--4 in 19404 in 1940’’ssBarrow Arch and Avak AstroblemeBarrow Arch and Avak Astrobleme

The Barrow Arch ThThe Barrow Arch The Avak Astroblemee Avak Astrobleme(from Kirschner, et al) (from Kirschner, et al) (from Kirschner, et al)(from Kirschner, et al)

Significant Finds in the Barrow AreaSignificant Finds in the Barrow Area

•• South Barrow #2 South Barrow #2 –– discovery well for the BGFdiscovery well for the BGF•• Drilled by Navy/USGS in 1948Drilled by Navy/USGS in 1948--4949•• First Producing Gas Well in the ArcticFirst Producing Gas Well in the Arctic

Barrow Gas FieldsBarrow Gas Fields

•• Original exploration by US Navy 1944Original exploration by US Navy 1944--4949•• Further Investigations by Department of Further Investigations by Department of

the Interior in the 1970the Interior in the 1970’’ss•• Congress transfers BGF to North Slope Congress transfers BGF to North Slope

Borough in 1984.Borough in 1984.•• Local control (NSB) since 1984Local control (NSB) since 1984

Barrow Gas FieldsBarrow Gas Fields

North Slope Borough GISNorth Slope Borough GIS

Avak Impact Crater

Walakpa Gas FieldWalakpa Gas Field

•• Identification of Identification of Walakpa Gas Field as Walakpa Gas Field as possible source of gas possible source of gas for Barrowfor Barrow

•• Walakpa now Walakpa now provides 80% to 95% provides 80% to 95% of Barrowof Barrow’’s natural s natural gasgas

•• Photo shows drill rig Photo shows drill rig used in development used in development drilling programdrilling program

Barrow Gas FieldsBarrow Gas Fields

•• East Barrow Gas FieldEast Barrow Gas Field–– Discovered in 1949 by U.S. NavyDiscovered in 1949 by U.S. Navy

•• South Barrow Gas FieldSouth Barrow Gas Field–– Discovered in 1974Discovered in 1974

•• WalakpaWalakpa Gas FieldGas Field–– Discovered 1980 by Husky for U.S. DOIDiscovered 1980 by Husky for U.S. DOI

South Barrow Gas Field Pool StatsSouth Barrow Gas Field Pool Stats

South Barrow Gas Field Prod.South Barrow Gas Field Prod.

East Barrow Gas Field Pool StatsEast Barrow Gas Field Pool Stats

East Barrow Gas Field Prod.East Barrow Gas Field Prod.

WalakpaWalakpa Field Pool StatisticsField Pool Statistics

WalakpaWalakpa Gas Field Prod.Gas Field Prod.

Methane Hydrate PotentialMethane Hydrate Potential

•• Last Comprehensive Reservoir Study in Last Comprehensive Reservoir Study in 19911991——Glenn and AllenGlenn and Allen

•• Postulated Presence of Methane HydratePostulated Presence of Methane Hydrate•• Material Balance Models for East Barrow Material Balance Models for East Barrow

and Walakpa Fields Lend Support to and Walakpa Fields Lend Support to Possible MH RechargePossible MH Recharge

•• Potential Significant Impact on Local Potential Significant Impact on Local ResourceResource

•• Excellent Laboratory for MH ResearchExcellent Laboratory for MH Research

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

•• DOEDOE--NETL/NSB 80NETL/NSB 80--20% Funded Research20% Funded Research•• Characterize and Quantify Methane Characterize and Quantify Methane

Hydrate Resource Associated With Barrow Hydrate Resource Associated With Barrow Gas FieldsGas Fields

•• Contribute to Global Research Effort Contribute to Global Research Effort Through Practical Research Through Practical Research

•• Advance North Slope BoroughAdvance North Slope Borough’’s s Understanding of ItUnderstanding of It’’s Energy Supply s Energy Supply

ScopeScope

•• Integrated Study (Seismic, Well Log, Production Integrated Study (Seismic, Well Log, Production History, Geochem)History, Geochem)

•• Focus on Barrow Gas FieldsFocus on Barrow Gas Fields——East Field, South East Field, South Field, WalakpaField, Walakpa

•• Phased ApproachPhased Approach•• Integrate Prior Research Efforts/Current Integrate Prior Research Efforts/Current

KnowledgeKnowledge•• If Justified, Phase 2 plan is to drill and test If Justified, Phase 2 plan is to drill and test

dedicated methane hydrate welldedicated methane hydrate well

Project TasksProject Tasks

•• Phase 1APhase 1A–– Prepare Research Management Plan to Guide StudyPrepare Research Management Plan to Guide Study–– Complete Technology Status Assessment to Define Global and LocalComplete Technology Status Assessment to Define Global and Local Context of StudyContext of Study–– Gather Data on BGF Temperature and Pressure Gradient, Gas and FmGather Data on BGF Temperature and Pressure Gradient, Gas and Fm. Water Composition . Water Composition

(legacy data and new collection)(legacy data and new collection)–– Complete Hydrate Stability ModelingComplete Hydrate Stability Modeling

•• Phase 1BPhase 1B–– Perform Reservoir Characterization to Estimate Methane Hydrate RPerform Reservoir Characterization to Estimate Methane Hydrate Resource Size and esource Size and

Facilitate Dynamic Modeling (Integrate Seismic, Well Logs, ProduFacilitate Dynamic Modeling (Integrate Seismic, Well Logs, Production History, Gas and ction History, Gas and Water Sample TimeWater Sample Time--series Analysis)series Analysis)

–– Select Optimum Location for a Dedicated Hydrate Test Well (HydraSelect Optimum Location for a Dedicated Hydrate Test Well (Hydrate/Gas interface and te/Gas interface and logistics)logistics)

•• Phase 2Phase 2–– Design, Drill and Production Test a Dedicated MH WellDesign, Drill and Production Test a Dedicated MH Well–– Not Funded Under This ContractNot Funded Under This Contract

Project StatusProject Status

•• Project start Nov. 14, 2006Project start Nov. 14, 2006•• Phase 1A Complete, with positive results from Phase 1A Complete, with positive results from

Hydrate Stability Hydrate Stability •• Phase 1B Initiated August 1, 2007Phase 1B Initiated August 1, 2007•• Completion of Phase 1B scheduled for March Completion of Phase 1B scheduled for March

20082008•• Possible Phase 2 to design and drill dedicated Possible Phase 2 to design and drill dedicated

hydrate production test and observation wellhydrate production test and observation well

What Is Required for Methane What Is Required for Methane Hydrate Formation?Hydrate Formation?•• Petroleum System: Reservoir, Petroleum System: Reservoir,

Gas Source, Migration Path, Gas Source, Migration Path, TrapTrap

•• Suitable Temperature and Suitable Temperature and Pressure Regime Pressure Regime

•• Formation WaterFormation Water•• Critical Timing of All Critical Timing of All

ComponentsComponents

http://doddys.files.wordpress.com/2006/10/petroleum-system.jpg

East Barrow Gas Field HSZ Model

Temp Gradient & Hydrate Stability Zone Walakpa Gas Field

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Walakpa Gas Wells Completions Top: -2000', Base -2600'

Currently Mapped Top of Walakpa Sand -1700'

Methane Hydrate Stability

Walakpa Gas Field HSZ ModelWalakpa Gas Field HSZ Model

Modeled most likely hydrate stability zone Modeled most likely hydrate stability zone depth in East Barrow Fielddepth in East Barrow Field

Modeled most likely hydrate stability Modeled most likely hydrate stability zone depth in Walakpa Fieldzone depth in Walakpa Field

Hydrate Resource PotentialHydrate Resource Potential

Amount of Area of Hydrates Equivalent to Current Reserves in NSB Gas FieldsConversion Factor 160 SCF of gas per CF of Methane Pore Volume

Information found, but not used

FieldEstimated

Current Reserves, BCF

Equivalent Methane Hydrate Pore Volume, BCF

Porosity

Reservoir Rock Bulk Volume,

BCF

Sand Thickness

Ft

Area, Acres, Assuming

same H and Phi

Res Temp Deg F

Res Press, psia

Z Bg, RCF/SCF

Walakpa 150 0.9375 22% 4.223 22.2 4366.9 62.8 1037 0.85 0.012114

S Barrow 9 0.05625 20% 0.281 22.2 290.8 57 663 0.908 0.020016

E Barrow 8 0.05 20% 0.250 22.2 258.5 43.5 935 0.866 0.013183

Conclusions from Phase 1AConclusions from Phase 1A•Temperature Gradients and Hydrate Stability Zone Modeling support Hydrate Stability Zone in East Barrow and Walakpa Fields

•Material Balance studies in East Barrow and Walakpa Field suggest external recharge but with no water production or breakthrough. This could suggest pressure support by methane hydrate dissociation

•Objectives for Phase 1A of the Study have been met, and support further reservoir study.

Walakpa #1 Synthetic SeismogramWalakpa #1 Synthetic Seismogram

South Barrow Seismic Line (NSouth Barrow Seismic Line (N--S)S)Through South Barrow #1 WellThrough South Barrow #1 Well

South Barrow Seismic Line (WSouth Barrow Seismic Line (W--E)E)Through South Barrow #6 WellThrough South Barrow #6 Well

Walakpa Composite Seismic LineWalakpa Composite Seismic LineBrontosaurus to Walakpa #1Brontosaurus to Walakpa #1

After Krason and Findley, 1992Messoyakha field, Siberia, gas production and reservoir pressure. Bottom blue curve is intermittant and variable historical gas production, top curve is observed reservoir pressure, middle curve is expected reservoir pressure given the production history. The unexpected increase in reservoir pressure is interpreted to indicate recharge from disassociating hydrates. (Makogon, 1995)

Thermo-cross section, Messoyakha field (modified from Makogon, 1995). Free gas underlies the hydrate interval. Explanation of pressure recovery might include one or more of these alternatives:

1. Disassociating hydrates (rsponding to decreased pressure after production) recharge free gas zone.

2. A strong water drive restores reservoir pressure during shut-in period.

3. Low permeability reservoir sands require time to rebuild pressure.

Given the limited data available for Messoyakha field, I feel it is unconfirmed the pressure increase reflects disassociating hydrates. It is a possibility, but unproven in my opinion and caution is advised. Some reservoir pressure modeling may shed more light on this issue.

I find this view is shared by others, such as : Collet, T.S., and Ginsburg, G.D., 1998. Gas Hydrates in the Messoyakha Gas Field of the West Siberian Basin — A Re-Examination of the Geologic Evidence: International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 1998 (ISSN 1053-5381).

Full reference: Makogon, Y.F., 1995, "Hydrates of Hydrocarbons", Japan National Oil Corporation Seminar on the Gas Hydrate Development Technology, September 11 -13, 1995, Chiba, Japan.

Found at http://www.aist.go.jp/GSJ/dMG/dMGold/hydrate/Messoyakha.html

Full reference: Krason, J. and Finley, P.D., 1992, Messoyakh Gas Field - Russia: West Siberian Basin, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields, Structural Traps VII, p. 197-220.

Messoyakha Field, Siberia

After Krason and Findley, 1992Messoyakha field, Siberia, gas production and reservoir pressure. Bottom blue curve is intermittant and variable historical gas production, top curve is observed reservoir pressure, middle curve is expected reservoir pressure given the production history. The unexpected increase in reservoir pressure is interpreted to indicate recharge from disassociating hydrates. (Makogon, 1995)

Thermo-cross section, Messoyakha field (modified from Makogon, 1995). Free gas underlies the hydrate interval. Explanation of pressure recovery might include one or more of these alternatives:

1. Disassociating hydrates (rsponding to decreased pressure after production) recharge free gas zone.

2. A strong water drive restores reservoir pressure during shut-in period.

3. Low permeability reservoir sands require time to rebuild pressure.

Given the limited data available for Messoyakha field, I feel it is unconfirmed the pressure increase reflects disassociating hydrates. It is a possibility, but unproven in my opinion and caution is advised. Some reservoir pressure modeling may shed more light on this issue.

I find this view is shared by others, such as : Collet, T.S., and Ginsburg, G.D., 1998. Gas Hydrates in the Messoyakha Gas Field of the West Siberian Basin — A Re-Examination of the Geologic Evidence: International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 1998 (ISSN 1053-5381).

Full reference: Makogon, Y.F., 1995, "Hydrates of Hydrocarbons", Japan National Oil Corporation Seminar on the Gas Hydrate Development Technology, September 11 -13, 1995, Chiba, Japan.

Found at http://www.aist.go.jp/GSJ/dMG/dMGold/hydrate/Messoyakha.html

Full reference: Krason, J. and Finley, P.D., 1992, Messoyakh Gas Field - Russia: West Siberian Basin, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields, Structural Traps VII, p. 197-220.

After Krason and Findley, 1992Messoyakha field, Siberia, gas production and reservoir pressure. Bottom blue curve is intermittant and variable historical gas production, top curve is observed reservoir pressure, middle curve is expected reservoir pressure given the production history. The unexpected increase in reservoir pressure is interpreted to indicate recharge from disassociating hydrates. (Makogon, 1995)

Thermo-cross section, Messoyakha field (modified from Makogon, 1995). Free gas underlies the hydrate interval. Explanation of pressure recovery might include one or more of these alternatives:

1. Disassociating hydrates (rsponding to decreased pressure after production) recharge free gas zone.

2. A strong water drive restores reservoir pressure during shut-in period.

3. Low permeability reservoir sands require time to rebuild pressure.

Given the limited data available for Messoyakha field, I feel it is unconfirmed the pressure increase reflects disassociating hydrates. It is a possibility, but unproven in my opinion and caution is advised. Some reservoir pressure modeling may shed more light on this issue.

I find this view is shared by others, such as : Collet, T.S., and Ginsburg, G.D., 1998. Gas Hydrates in the Messoyakha Gas Field of the West Siberian Basin — A Re-Examination of the Geologic Evidence: International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 1998 (ISSN 1053-5381).

Full reference: Makogon, Y.F., 1995, "Hydrates of Hydrocarbons", Japan National Oil Corporation Seminar on the Gas Hydrate Development Technology, September 11 -13, 1995, Chiba, Japan.

Found at http://www.aist.go.jp/GSJ/dMG/dMGold/hydrate/Messoyakha.html

Full reference: Krason, J. and Finley, P.D., 1992, Messoyakh Gas Field - Russia: West Siberian Basin, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields, Structural Traps VII, p. 197-220.

Messoyakha Field, Siberia

MessoyakhaMessoyakha Field Analog?Field Analog?

East Barrow FieldP/Z vs. CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION

PRA 2007 Reserves Study

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1988 A&C Est of ultimate recoverable = 5.7 BCF

1996 A&C Pressure EB #'s 14 & 21

2007 PRA Pressure EB #'s 14 & 21

East Barrow Field Decline?East Barrow Field Decline?

Phase 1B Achievements:

•Comprehensive literature and data search completed, extensions anticipated

•Produced water sample collection and analysis from E.B. #14 well completed

•Barrow Area Seismic Data loaded to Seismic Workstation

•Well Log Interpretation in progress

•Seismic well ties and interpretation of Walakpa lines nearly complete

Study Challenges:Study Challenges:

•Thin pay seismic interpretation, very mixed well and seismic dataset

•Depletion Mechanism:

•Will dissociation occur in reservoir through pressure depletion?

•Will wellbore/reservoir freeze?

•Will Fm. Water overrun well?

Conclusions:Conclusions:

•Great opportunity for NSB and Hydrate Research Community

•Significant Potential Social, Economic and Scientific Impact

•Excellent Natural Laboratory

ParticipantsParticipants

DOEDOE--NETLNETLNSBNSBPRAPRAUAFUAF

Advisory CommitteeAdvisory Committee

Tim Collett, Chet Paris, Bob Hunter, Bob Tim Collett, Chet Paris, Bob Hunter, Bob Swenson, Shirish Patil, Richard GlennSwenson, Shirish Patil, Richard Glenn

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

•• North Slope BoroughNorth Slope Borough–– Steve MacRae, Kent GrinageSteve MacRae, Kent Grinage

•• DOEDOE--NETLNETL–– Robert Vagnetti, Ray BoswellRobert Vagnetti, Ray Boswell

•• USGSUSGS–– Tim CollettTim Collett

•• ASRCASRC–– Richard Glenn, Bob HunterRichard Glenn, Bob Hunter

•• UAFUAF–– Shirish Patil, Abhijit Dandekar, Praveen SinghShirish Patil, Abhijit Dandekar, Praveen Singh

Backup SlidesBackup Slides

BASC and BarrowBASC and Barrow

•• A collaboration A collaboration between the between the community of community of Barrow and the Barrow and the scientific communityscientific community

•• Primarily Supported Primarily Supported by the NSFby the NSF

•• Also accommodates Also accommodates many nonmany non--NSF NSF funded research funded research projectsprojects

BASC FacilitiesBASC Facilities

•• BARCBARC•• Field Work Support Equipment Field Work Support Equipment •• Laboratory SpaceLaboratory Space•• Dormitory SpaceDormitory Space•• BASC designated as a remote campus of BASC designated as a remote campus of

University of Alaska, Fairbanks for IT supportUniversity of Alaska, Fairbanks for IT support

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References: NSB Planning/GIS Dept.

Mapmakers Alaska

LegendBarrow Area Wells

DT_COMP1944 - 1955

1964 - 1970

1973 - 1978

1980 - 1981

1987 - 1988

1990 - 1992

D Mislocated - 1948 S Barrow Test 1

& AOGCC Wells from NSB

! USGS Regional Seismic! South Field Seismic

Barrow Gas Fields and Surrounding Lands

South Field

Alignment of ObjectivesAlignment of Objectives

•• BGF is tied to existing gas transmission and BGF is tied to existing gas transmission and distribution infrastructure.distribution infrastructure.

•• Practical application and testing of production Practical application and testing of production techniques, with significant potential techniques, with significant potential contribution to global hydrate resource research.contribution to global hydrate resource research.

•• May enable the NSB to regionalize the utility May enable the NSB to regionalize the utility infrastructure (either gas transmission or power infrastructure (either gas transmission or power transmission) thereby serving other remote transmission) thereby serving other remote arctic communities.arctic communities.