Methods of Research Chapter 12 Plagiarism

8/16/2019 Methods of Research Chapter 12 Plagiarism

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PLAGIARISM & STRATEGIES TO AVOID IT

ir . PANCHITO M. LABAY

FORD Fellow, Professor 5


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What is plagiarism?

"Plagiarism" is derived from the Latin plagiarius, which means a'plunderer', a 'kidnapper‘ or a thief.

It refers to intellectual theft, dened as "the false assumption ofauthorship: the wrongful act of taking or coping the product ofanother person's mind, and presenting it as one's own"

!o plagiarise is to give the impression that ou wrote or thoughtsomething that ou in fact #orrowed from someone.

$hile some plagiarise deli#eratel # coping or #uing papers orsoliciting unauthorised help, most plagiarism is accidental, #ut it isusuall dealt with %ust as harshl as intentional plagiarism.& ()

*aval +cadem Plagiarism Polic .

Copying includes using the gures, charts, diagrams, e-uations,computer code, graphs, photographs, tet, a#stract, or su#%ectheadings of a previous work without proper reference. Copying alsoincludes cutting and pasting su#stantial portions of tet from another

work without proper reference.


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Types of plagiarism?1.Direct plagiarism. Its is an almost ver#atim cop of the originalsource. he writer has compressed the author's opinions into fewer

sentences # omitting several phrases and sentence, #ut, thiscompression does not disguise the original writer's concepts and ideas.2.Mosaic plagiarism. his tpe contains relativel few direct#orrowings form the original source, #ut all the ideas and opinions arelifted from the original source he writer hides his/her dependenc onthe source # translating its academic terms into more credi#le

language. 0owever, the su#stitutions done are in themselves clues toplagiarism of the original work, since the over1generalise the source'smeaning.3.Half-crediting plagiarism. his tpe is a common form ofplagiarism, wherein the writer acknowledged the source for a credit,then continue the idea with two or more sentences using the author

without giving acknowledgement.4.Self plagiarism. he writer did not acknowledge his/her own workfrom the previous sources, #earing in mind that he/she is the sameauthor of the said work or idea. )elf1plagiarism is wrong #ecause whenou are coping some of our previous work in a new pu#licationwithout proper referencing, ou are asking for the same credit twice.

hus, self1plagiarism is dishonest and goes against academic integrit.


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!ample)ource: Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration ofFindings # Paul 2kman, $allace 3. 4riesen, Phoe#e 2llsworth *ew 5ork: Pergamon Press,Inc, p.6. Pscholog source

he human face in repose and in movement, at the moment of death as in life, in silenceand in speech, when alone and with others, when seen or sensed from within, inactualit or as represented in art or recorded # the camera is a commanding,complicated, and at times confusing source of information. he face is commanding#ecause of its ver visi#ilit and omnipresence. $hile sounds and speech areintermittent, the face even in repose can #e informative. +nd, ecept # veils or masks,

the face cannot #e hidden from view. here is no facial manoeuvre e-uivalent to puttingone's hands in one's pockets. 4urther, the face is the location for sensor inputs, life1necessar intake, and communicative output. he face is the site for the sense receptorsof taste, smell, sight, and hearing, the intake organs for food, water, and air, and theoutput location for speech. he face is also commanding #ecause of its role in earldevelopment8 it is prior to language in the communication #etween parent and child.

Plagiari9ed work:

an eperts agree that the h"man face, whether in repose or in mo#ement$ is acommanding$ complicated and sometimes conf"sing so"rce of information. heface is commanding, #ecause it's visi#le and omnipresent. +lthough so"nds andspeech may %e intermittent$ the face e#en in repose may gi#e information.&nd$ e!cept %y #eils or mas's$ the face cannot %e hidden. &lso$ the face is thelocation for sensory inp"ts$ life-s"pporting inta'e$ and communication.


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Ho( to do it right?

To a#oid plagiarism$ the %ottom line is ac'no(ledge the so"rceand "nderstand ho( to attri%"te (ords and ideas yo" "se to theirproper so"rce.6.ake carefull documented notes. Identif the sources # name ofauthor, title of work, place and name of pu#lication, date, and pagenum#ers.;. 2nclose all #orrowed words in -uotation marks, and set o< longer#orrowed passages in an indented #lock.

=. +void mere paraphrasing, su#stituting our own words or snonms forthe original work without giving proper credit to our source.>. ?o not plagiarise our own work # coping from it or su#mitting itmore than once for credit unless specicall authorised # our professor.@. ?ocument all gures, charts, statistics, graphs, ta#les, opinions andconclusions taken or adapted from an source, including electronic media

such as A?1BCs, diskettes or tapes, online resources like the $orld $ide$e#, or computer services such as *eis and ?ialog. Resist thetemptation to cut and paste without attribution.D. ?o not use translation software to produce a foreign1language tet forsu#mission as our own work. *ot onl does this constitutemisrepresenting another entit's work as our own, it also will #e

recognisa#le to our instructor as a machine1produced tet.


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Ta'e the )lagiarism Test

*ead this passage from Eruce Aatton's he Aivil $ar, pg. ;F@, *ew

5ork:4airfa Press, 6GFH.

"Cn ood 4rida evening, +pril 6> 11 driven # an insane compulsion ofhatred and perverted loalt to a cause which he had never felt o#ligedto ght for as a soldier 11 Eooth strode into the President's #o at 4ord's heatre in $ashington, red a #ullet into Lincoln's #rain, vaulted from the

#o to the stage, and rode o< desperatel through the night, fancingthat if he could %ust reach Aonfederate territor he would #e hailed as ahero and a savior.!

&ns(er these +"estions:

1.What of the paragraph is ,common 'no(ledge?

;. s this correctly done or has some plagiarism ta'en place?

Eooth shot Lincoln in the head then %umped onto the stage, escaped from4ord's heatre, and rode o< into the night. 0e dreamed that if he could

onl reach the )outh he would #e called a demigod # the Aonfederates.


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=. s this correctly done or has some plagiarism ta'en place?

John $ilkes Eooth chose ood 4rida to strike his rst #low as a so1

called soldier for the )outh. Cn the night of +pril 6>, 6FD@ he murderedPresident Lincoln in the 4ord's heatre.

4. s this correctly done or has some plagiarism ta'en place?

John $ilkes Eooth murdered President Lincoln in the 4ord's heatre

then %umped onto the stage and left the #uilding. +lthough Eoothnever fought in the Aonfederate +rm he was driven # "an insanecompulsion of hatred and perverted loalt" when he #roke the peaceof that ood 4rida evening Aatton, 6GFH, p. ;F@.


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&ns(ers

6.Eooth shot Lincoln in the head at the 4ord's heatre then %umped onto thestage and attempted to escape # riding awa. + general idea of motives iscommon knowledge, that is, his motive to kill Lincoln as an aide to the

Aonfederac, #ut his specic epectation of #eing hailed as a "hero and asavior" is pro#a#l not generall known.;.his is simpl a loose paraphrasing of Aatton's words. )ince no credit isgiven to Aatton for the ideas, this is indeed plagiarism.=.his highlights little known facts of the assassination such as that it took placeon ood 4rida, that Eooth never fought for the Aonfederac, and the specic

date. )ince those facts are not common knowledge and are not credited toAatton, this too is plagiarism.>.In this case the items of common 'no(ledge are listed, properl, withoutreference to Aatton. he direct -uote from Aatton is in -uotation marks #ut thefootnote num#er does not appear until the end of the sentence. hat indicatesthat #oth those specic words and those specic facts that Eooth was never asoldier and ood 4rida are Aatton's.


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Methods of Research Chapter 12 Plagiarism