MIAP Introduction

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Medical Images AnalysisMedical Images Analysisan rocess ngan rocess ng --

EmadEmad FatemizadehFatemizadeh

Sharif University of TechnologySharif University of Technology – – E.E.FatemizadehFatemizadeh



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Course Information:Course Information: – –

– – Credits: 3Credits: 3

– –




Reference(s):Reference(s): – –

Practice for Segmentation,Practice for Segmentation,

Registration, and Image Analysis Registration, and Image Analysis ,,By: T. S.By: T. S. Yoo Yoo, 2004 (Hardcopy), 2004 (Hardcopy)

– – Biomedical Images Analysis,Biomedical Images Analysis, by:by: R.R.

M.M. RangayyaRangayya, 2004, eBook., 2004, eBook. – – Some papers! Some papers!

– – DIP References! DIP References!








Course Contacts and Links:Course Contacts and Links: – – URL:URL: http:/ee.sharif.edu/~http:/ee.sharif.edu/~miapmiap

Course Lecture NotesCourse Lecture Notes

– – Course Email:Course Email: [email protected]@gmail.com Electronic Homework submission (NOT .Electronic Homework submission (NOT .rarrar)!)!

– – Submission rule:Submission rule:

– – My emails:My emails: fatemizadeh@[email protected]




SyllabusSyllabus:: – – Introduction to Medical Images/ImagingIntroduction to Medical Images/Imaging – – BrieflyBriefly

– –

– – Segmentation (Intro to Classification ?)Segmentation (Intro to Classification ?)

– – Enhancement/Enhancement/DenoisingDenoising – – RegistrationRegistration

– – InterpolationInterpolation

– – Medical Ima e Anal sis Usin PDEMedical Ima e Anal sis Usin PDE

– – MultilodalMultilodal Image AnalysisImage Analysis

– – Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) – – Mostly MammographyMostly Mammography

– –



What is a medical image:What is a medical image: – –

physical/physiological property(physical/physiological property(iesies).).

– – Several images from a certain region!Several images from a certain region!






Goal:Goal: – –

property of subject anatomy.property of subject anatomy.

– – Procedure in nonProcedure in non--invasive.invasive.

– – Image Geometry:Image Geometry:

Pro ectionPro ection

TomographyTomography



Based on Interested Physical Property:Based on Interested Physical Property: – – XX--Ray (CT/Radiography)Ray (CT/Radiography)

– – MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

– – PET (Positron Emission Tomography)PET (Positron Emission Tomography) – – US (Ultra Sound)US (Ultra Sound)

– – SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)

– – EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography)EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography) – – Video and etc. Video and etc.



--

Concepts:Concepts: – –

acquisition.acquisition.

– – Ima e reconstruction from raw data.Ima e reconstruction from raw data.

– – Noise and artifact reduction in raw dataNoise and artifact reduction in raw dataspace.space.



--


space.space.

– – Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest.Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest.

– – Image partitioning to meaningful regions.Image partitioning to meaningful regions.

– –

– – Multimodality Image FusionMultimodality Image Fusion

– –



Medical Images Categories:Medical Images Categories: – –

Single channel (Only one property isSingle channel (Only one property is

acquired): CT , PET, USacquired): CT , PET, US Multichannel (More than one property areMultichannel (More than one property are

acquired): MRIacquired): MRI




Medical Images Categories:Medical Images Categories: – –

Anatomical: Static distribution of a certain Anatomical: Static distribution of a certain

physical property,physical property, Skeleton Skeleton .. Physiological/Functional: Functionality orPhysiological/Functional: Functionality or

Metabolism of organs,Metabolism of organs, Glucose consumption Glucose consumption ..




Medical Images Categories:Medical Images Categories: – – Geometry:Geometry:

Projective: A Straight line in the object will beProjective: A Straight line in the object will bemapped to a single point at images,mapped to a single point at images,

Tomography: Cross section of object will beTomography: Cross section of object will beimaged,imaged, Computerized Tomography Computerized Tomography ..

– – mens ona y:mens ona y: 2D2D




Major Properties in Medical Images:Major Properties in Medical Images: – – --

– – Ultrasound Waves ReflectionUltrasound Waves Reflection

– –

– – Spin Density and Relaxation TimesSpin Density and Relaxation Times

– – -- – – Electrical ConductanceElectrical Conductance




XX--Ray Transmission:Ray Transmission: – – Simple Physics:Simple Physics:

– – -- --0

L

T I I e

−

=

are displayed as image.are displayed as image.

– – Projection and Tomography are possible.Projection and Tomography are possible.

– – Hazard: Yes!Hazard: Yes!

– – Resolution: Very Good.Resolution: Very Good.

– – SNR: Good.SNR: Good.

– –

,Functional CT.,Functional CT. – – Good contrast for hard tissue (Bones)Good contrast for hard tissue (Bones)

– – Low Contrast for soft tissue Muscle TumorsLow Contrast for soft tissue Muscle Tumors




XX--Ray Transmission:Ray Transmission: – – Examples:Examples: onven ona a ograp yonven ona a ograp y

Computerized Tomography (CT)Computerized Tomography (CT)

Angiography: Some organs like as blood vessels Angiography: Some organs like as blood vessels

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA): Difference of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA): Difference of two images of a single organs in the differenttwo images of a single organs in the different

two different Xtwo different X--Ray energy) are displayed.Ray energy) are displayed. Fluoroscopy: Watch oranges while the body is under XFluoroscopy: Watch oranges while the body is under X--

Ray exposure.Ray exposure.




Ultrasound Wave Reflection:Ultrasound Wave Reflection: – – Ultrasound Waves: Above 20KHz.Ultrasound Waves: Above 20KHz. – – Reflection times of incident ultrasound beam are related toReflection times of incident ultrasound beam are related to

position of the walls.position of the walls. – – Simple Physics:Simple Physics:

– – Physical Characteristic in TomographyPhysical Characteristic in Tomography

x ct =

– – – – Resolutions: Average (Different in two dimension)Resolutions: Average (Different in two dimension) – – SNR: BadSNR: Bad – –

metabolismmetabolism – – Problem with objects behind bone and air (lung)Problem with objects behind bone and air (lung) – – Need to access to the organs only from one sideNeed to access to the organs only from one side


e ec one ec on



Ultrasound Wave Reflection:Ultrasound Wave Reflection: – – Examples:Examples: -- : , y y r .: , y y r . BB--mode (Sonography): 2D imaging, fetus,mode (Sonography): 2D imaging, fetus,

Bladder, kidney, Prostate .Bladder, kidney, Prostate . --mo e: ssue aracter zat on, esearcmo e: ssue aracter zat on, esearc Application. Application. Doppler/Color Doppler: Blood Flow and HeartDoppler/Color Doppler: Blood Flow and Heart

a ve an av y on or ng.a ve an av y on or ng.




Radioactive annihilation:Radioactive annihilation: – – Source imaging: Source of radiation is locatedSource imaging: Source of radiation is located

– – Source radiation (consumption) distribution areSource radiation (consumption) distribution areimaged.imaged.

– – 133133 – – Projection and Tomography are possibleProjection and Tomography are possible – – Hazard: Yes.Hazard: Yes.

– – eso u on: ow.eso u on: ow. – – SNR: Low.SNR: Low. – – Functional (Metabolism)Functional (Metabolism)




Radioactive annihilation:Radioactive annihilation: – –

Gamma Camera: Projection ImagingGamma Camera: Projection Imaging

SPECT (Single Photon Emission ComputerizedSPECT (Single Photon Emission Computerizedomography): Tomographyomography): Tomography

PET (Positron Emission Tomography): VeryPET (Positron Emission Tomography): Very..




Spin Density and Relaxation Times:Spin Density and Relaxation Times: – – Based on Magnetic Resonance Properties.Based on Magnetic Resonance Properties. – – Properties of Proton (HProperties of Proton (H++) spin are imaged.) spin are imaged. – –

PD (Proton Density)PD (Proton Density) T1: SpinT1: Spin--Lattice Relaxation Time.Lattice Relaxation Time.

T2: SpinT2: Spin--Spin Relaxation Time.Spin Relaxation Time. – – a a cqu s on s parame r c:a a cqu s on s parame r c:

Several Protocols for imaging are possible.Several Protocols for imaging are possible.

– – Projection and Tomography are possible.Projection and Tomography are possible. – – Resolution: GoodResolution: Good

– – SNR: GoodSNR: Good – – Hazard: Very Low (But banned for patients withHazard: Very Low (But banned for patients with

ferromagnetic/Electrical/Magnetic Devices in their body)ferromagnetic/Electrical/Magnetic Devices in their body) – –


– – Static and Functional, both.Static and Functional, both.



Spin Density and Relaxation Times:Spin Density and Relaxation Times: – –

MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, BrainMRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain

Studies, Spin cord, Knee.Studies, Spin cord, Knee. fMRI: Functional MRI, Blood flow, brain.fMRI: Functional MRI, Blood flow, brain.

MRA: Magnetic Resonance Angiography,MRA: Magnetic Resonance Angiography,..




Optical:Optical: – – Optical ReflectionOptical Reflection

– – Hazar : None Patient Uncon ormityHazar : None Patient Uncon ormity

– – Resolution: HighResolution: High

– –

– – Examples:Examples: EndoscopyEndoscopy

aryngoscopyaryngoscopy ColonoscopyColonoscopy

– – Optical Tomography found in research filesOptical Tomography found in research files




Electrical Conductance:Electrical Conductance: – – Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

– – Electrical Conductance (Resistance) is imaged.Electrical Conductance (Resistance) is imaged.

– – Low ResolutionLow Resolution – – Low SNR Low SNR

– – Hazard: Electrical Safety Problem.Hazard: Electrical Safety Problem.

– –

– – TomographyTomography




Return to MedicalReturn to MedicalImagingImaging


body, nonbody, non--invasively.invasively.

– – Ima e ModalitiesIma e Modalities – – PrePre--processingprocessing

– – --



Goal:Goal: – –

property of subject anatomy.property of subject anatomy.

– – Procedure in nonProcedure in non--invasive.invasive. – – Image Geometry:Image Geometry:

Pro ectionPro ection

TomographyTomography



Based on Interested Physical Property:Based on Interested Physical Property: – – XX--Ray (CT/Radiography)Ray (CT/Radiography)

– – MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

– – PET (Positron Emission Tomography)PET (Positron Emission Tomography) – – US (Ultra Sound)US (Ultra Sound)

– – SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)SPECT (Single Photon Emission CT)

– – EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography)EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography) – – Video and etc. Video and etc.



--


acquisition.acquisition.

– – Ima e reconstruction from raw data.Ima e reconstruction from raw data. – – Noise and artifact reduction in raw dataNoise and artifact reduction in raw data

space.space.



--


space.space.

– – Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest.Enhance ima es in Re ions of Interest. – – Image partitioning to meaningful regions.Image partitioning to meaningful regions.

– –

– – Multimodality Image FusionMultimodality Image Fusion

– –

Documents

MIAP Introduction