MIlk Plant Ice PLant Design

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ommiss ion o f the European Communi t ies

energy

A n i n t e g r a t e d d e s ig nf o r a l iq u i d m i l k p l a n t u s in g i c e - b a n k

t e c h n o l o g y f o r lo ad sp r e a d in g





Commission of the European Communities

A n in te g r a t e d d e s ig nfor a l iqu id mi lk p lan t us ing ice -bankt e c h n o l o g y f o r l o a d s p r e a d i n g

T. KerkhoffP r e m i e r Dair ies Limited

Whitehal l RoadRathfarnhalDubl in 14

Ireland

Contract No EE/219/87/ IR

Final report

P A F L ELÏR0P. Biblioth.

N .C . /C O M 3 5 .5 5 S

CL

199

Directorate-GeneralEnergy

EUR 13085 N

<*Ò ̂ s>U5



Publ ished by th eC O M M I S S I O N O F T H E E U R O PE A N C O M M U N I T I E S

D i r e c t o r a t e - G e n e r a lTe l ecommunica t ions , I n f o rmat ion I ndust r i es and I nnovat ion

L 292 Luxembourg

LEGAL NOTICE

Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting onbehalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the

fol lowing information

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication

L uxem bourg: Office for Official P ublications of the European Com mun ities 1990

ISBN 92-826 -1768-8 Cata logue number : CD-NA -13085 -EN-C

© ECSC-EEC-EAEC Brussels · Luxem bourg 1990

Printed in elgium



SUMMARY

The incorporation of ice storage to a chilled water systemwill even out the energy profile by removing the randomswitching in and out of refrigeration compressors whilemaintaining chilled water temperatures at just over 0°Cwithout the use of anti-freeze solutions. With chilledwater temperatures this low and by extending the heat transfer surfaces, the system enables product (in this casemilk) to be cooled to under 2°C.

The demonstration project has proved that a dairy process

ing 300,000 litres of milk per day can reduce its electricity consumption for cooling by HQ and transfer all ofits compressor power to the cheaper off-peak electricityperiod.

The maximum electricity demand for the dairy has been reduced from 1.5 MW to 1.1 MW and the total night electricity consumption is now 50 of that during the day wherepreviously it was under 25 .

The economic viability of the project is good and for replication would give a simple payback period for the capi

tal investment required of between 3 to 4 years. Whenconsidering a new installation or additional capacity, thepayback period would be as low as 1 to 2 years and couldquite possibly be lower dependent on the physical layoutof the plant.

Ill —





TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PROJECT DETAILS 1

2. PROJECT AIM AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1

2.1. Aim of the project 1

2.2. Description of the installation 2

3. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING 3

3.1. Suppliers of equipment and services 3

3.2. Project management 43.3. Technical problems and solutions 43.4. Modifications and over-runs 5

4. OPERATION AND RESULTS 5

4.1. Operating history 54.2. Performance 64.3. Success of the project 7

4.4. Operating costs 74.5. Future of the installation 74.6. Economic viability 7

5. PUBLICITY, COMMERCIALIZATION AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 8

5.1. Publicity 85.2. Outlook 85.3. Lessons learnt/Conclusions 9

V —





1 . PROJECT DETAILS

Project Number: EE/219/87/IR.

Title of Project: An Integrated Design for a Liquid Milk Plant using

Ice-Bank Technology for Load Spreading.

Contractor: Premier Dairies Limited.

Name of Person for Technical Enquiries: Mr Theo Kerkhoff.

Address: Whitehall RoadRathfarnhamDublin 14Ireland.

Telephone Number: 01-983033.

Telex Number: 909.37.

Co-proposer & Co-signatory of Contract:

Integrated Energy Systems Limited11A Lune StreetPreston PR1 2NLLancashire England.

Telephone Number: 0772-50707.

Telex Number: 67674.

Contact Name: John A O'Shea.

2. PROJECT AIM AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION

2.1. AIM OF THE PROJECT

To demonstrate a high efficiency refrigeration and heat exchangesystem in a 300,000 litres/day Liquid Milk Plant with substantialenergy cost savings by transferring the load onto the cheaper nightrate tariff (35 of the day cost) utilising Ice-Bank/Hydro-CoolerTechnology.

The system will even out the energy profile by removing the randomswitching in and out of refrigeration compressors while maintainingchilled water temperatures at just over 0°C without the use of antifreeze solutions. In conjunction with extending the surface of theplant heat exchangers, the system enables product (milk) cooling atunder 2°C.

The expected energy saving by creating the ideal operational loadprofile i.e. constant during ice building, is 500 MW per annum andthe transfer of units to the night period - 800 MW per annum. UsingIce-Bank/Hydro-Cooler technology and tight limits on heat exchangerdesign, milk temperatures of 2°C can be demonstrated with lowerenergy costs than previously. For comparison purposes, the conventional system (existing redundant plant) consumes 1,300MWper annum.



2.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTALLATION Chilling is an essential requirement in all Dairies; as soon as the milk enters it is cooled and continues to be cooled during the various processes and on completion in its finished packaged form. The main areas of chilling are: on reception, after pasteurising and separation and during the processing into cream and buttermilk.

Table III outlines the actual cooling requirements during the monitoring period.

All the product cooling is by indirect heat transfer using in the main plate heat exchangers served by a chilled water system, see Fig 1. The chilled water system has been replaced by a new high efficiency plant incorporating ice storage having the following refrigeration component details (refrigerant - Ammonia NH 3) .

Compressors: 2 χ 480kW Recipricating machines based on condensing at +30°C and evaporating at -9°C (average). Input power 125 kW.

Condenser: 1 χ 1150 kW evaporative condenser based on a condensing temperature of +30°C and wet bulb temperature at 2 ° C

Ice Bank/Hydro-Cooler: 2 χ 3960kW Storage units (7920kW total capacity) with ice thickness of 50 mm.

The efficiency of a refrigeration circuit is described in terms of its Coefficient of Performance (C.O.P.), which is the ratio of the cooling capacity over the gain in enthalpy due to compression. In praticai terms the CO.P. can be derived from thermodynamics and is expressed as:

CO.P. = 0 η Te

Tc - Te

Where 0 = Motor Efficiency η = Compressor Efficiency Te = Evaporating Temperature in ° Absolute Tc = Condensing Temperature in ° Absolute.

From this formula it is clear that high evaporating and low condens-ing temperatures increase the performance level.

In most cases, refrigeration plants are designed with condensing temperatures of +35°C and evaporating temperatures, anything down to -15°C dependent on the coil surface and chilled water temperature. CO.P.'s of 2.5 are normal. With this application the C O . P . in the ice build mode is 3-8 and when operated as a hydro-cooler 4.6; a 50-84 improvement.

The cooling requirements of the dairy are between the hours of 0800 and 1900 hours with a total daily chilling demand of 7 600 kW (average). The installation has been designed for full storage, i.e. A system which can generate all of the cooling capacity for the process during the off-peak electricity periods. The refrigeration system commences operation at 2300 hours and ice forms on the coil

2-



surface of the storage units until a pre-determined thickness isobtained or on reaching 0800 hours. A sensor then shuts down therefrigeration compressors which can be at any thickness, in 20increments, upto 50 mm. At O8OO hours the chilled water pump circulates water from the storage unit into the dairy for product cooling. The return water is cooled by the melting ice, and continuesuntil the daily cooling requirement is satisfied. After the electricity rates return to the off-peak tariff, a timer permits therefrigeration compressors to re-start, and the charge of ice is thenrebuilt during the off-peak hours for use in the next coolingperiod.

The flow of chilled water from the ice storage units is maintainedat 0.5°C throughout most of the ice melt cycle. Should this temperature climb above 1°C, then the compressors will automaticallystart. This does not occur during the high demand period but onlynear the end of the day on certain occasions.

Inconjunction with these low chilled water températures the product

plate heat exchanger surfaces have been extended to achieve finalmilk temperatures of less than 2°C.

To assist in the performance evaluation, the following equipmentwere installed:

(i) kWh meter for electricity consumption (day and night units),(ii) Maximum demand monitor (existing on site),(iii) Temperature recorder for - Evaporating and condensing

conditions.- Chilled water flow & return.- Milk off heat exchangers,

(iv) Product flow meters (existing on site).

Measurements were recorded on a daily basis and summarised on LogSheets.

3- CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING

3-1. SUPPLIERS OF EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES

The project design, equipment selection and specification were completed by Integrated Energy Systems Limited and issued for tenderingto four main contractors. The result was that APV Hall Limited werechosen for the complete mechancial and electrical installation.

The equipment manufacturers and suppliers selected were as follows:-



EQUIPMENT

Ice Storage Units: 2 χ Model No TSU 1200

Refrigerant Compressors:

2 χ Model No RC 611

Refrigerant Components Pipework

Chilled water circulating

pumps

Chilled water pipework

Additional plates for heat Exchangers

Control Panel

SUPPLIER

Baltimore Aircoil International Heist-Op-Den-Berg

B-3100 Belguim.

Grasso-Stacon BV 5201 AH s - Hertogenbosch The Netherlands.

APV Hall Limited Dublin Ireland

Worthington Simpson Ltd

London U.K.

>APV Hall Limited )Dublin Ireland

The commissioning of the plant was conducted by APV Hall Ltd with Integrated Energy Systems Ltd in attendance; This included charging the refrigeration system with ammonia and filling the distribution system with water.

3.2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Integrated Energy Systems Limited (IES), as the Consulting Engineers and system designers, acted as Project Directer inconjunction with Premier Dairies Limited. The Project Management group consisted of an IES Engineer and the Group Engineer from Premier Dairies.

During the Construction Phase of the Project site meetings were held on a regular basis to ensure that the manufacture and installation would be completed on time and to programme. The Main Contractor s Project Engineer attended all meetings.

The project monitoring and performance evaluation was conducted by

IES with the assistance of Premier Dairies.

3-3- TECHNICAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS There has been only one slight mechanical problem, and this was during commissioning, when it was noticed that No2 Refrigerant

4-



compressor's motor appeared excessively noisy. This noise was detected as being from the motor bearings. The motor manufacturer wascontacted and after re-newing the bearings the noise has not recurred.

From an operational point, the processing of milk was changed sligh

tly by the Production Department to an earlier start in the day;0600 hours in lieu of 0800. As the ice build programme was scheduled for between 2300 hours and 0800 hours (off-peak period) thiswas changed accordingly to suit i.e. ice build commencing at 2200hours for completion by 0600 hours. With the maximum demand periodbeing between 0800 hours and 2100 hours high penalties are notinvolved, however, the first hour of ice build is during the higherunit cost period. The actual day hours run by the compressors aresmall.

As the cooling demand of the Dairy can vary from one day to another,the complete melt down of ice from the coils rarely happens. Thecharacteristics of the water flow pattern through the units does notgive an even ice melt-off; ice melts from the far end of the unitsfirst and progresses towards the water outlet forming a taper. Byconstantly rebuilding, the ice tends to bridge and block the waterflow pattern. It has been found that unless a complete melt-down iscarried out on a regular basis, serious problems occur with icebridging. To alleviate the problem a complete ice melt-off is performed once per week over the week-end period while demand chargesdo not apply.

3-4. MODIFICATIONS AND OVER-RUNS

The construction phase of the project went extremely well and to programme; all delivery dates and installation times proved accurate.

There was a slight overspend of 2.6 during the construction and canbe explained as follows:

- Protection Barrier necessary to ice storage units.- Greater involvement of proposers staff during commissioning.

The delivery programme for the monitoring and measurement equipmenttook slightly longer than anticipated and therefore, the measurementphase of the project commenced 1 month later than planned. A fullsix-monthly monitoring period still took place.

4. OPERATION AND RESULTS

4.1. OPERATING HISTORY

The installation first entered normal service on 14th July 1988 and

since that date has suffered no prolonged stoppages.

Every day for between 7 and 8 hours during the night (off-peak)period the compressors operate on the storage units accumulating iceupto the maximum thickness of 50 mm. During the day hours the compressors are off and the chilled water distribution pumps operate.As previously explained, once a week (on Sunday's) no ice is accumulated when the storage units operate as conventional hydro-coolers.

The monitoring period commenced on 1st August 1988 and was completed



on 31st January 1989; a 6 monthly period.

4.2. PERFORMANCE

During the monitoring period of the project, the following procedureapplied:

- Metering of the electrical power consumption for the total

plant during day and night periods.- Monitoring the actual hours run by the refrigerant compressors.- Recording of the milk quantities and temperatures at reception

and throughout the process.- Recording of the refrigerant condensing and evaporating

pressures/temperatures also, chilled water flow & returntemperatures.

The data collected was itemised on a Daily Log Sheet, the results ofwhich are shown in Tables I & II.

As the Dairy cooling demands are during day hours only, Table Iclearly shows the transfer of 328,567 kWh to the off-peak period forthe months of August to January inclusive; 6-monthly period. Basedon historic data the projected electricity transfer for the remaining 6 months would be 380,235 kWh indicating that the annual transfer of electricity from day to night units is approximately 710,000kWh.

In terms of efficiency and electricity savings for the installation,this has been determined as follows:

Overall power consumption (excluding pumping)

during the 6 months monitoring period = 359,241 kWh

Projected power consumption for remaining

6 months to form a complete year = M15,732 kWh

Yearly Total Power Consumption: = 77^,973 kWh

With the annual electricity consumption for cooling prior to theinstallation being 1-3 million kWh, the electricity saving is1 300 000 - 77^,973 kWh

= 525,027 kWh/annum.

Table II outlines the milk volumes for the monitoring period andalso the quantities for a similar period in 1986/87. It is clear

that there has been no significant changes which would have reducedthe cooling requirements and subsequent power usage except the improved performance.

Based on the production data shown in Table II, the plant coolingrequirements have been determined and are shown in Table III. Fromthe energy output data contained in Table III, the plant co-efficientof performance is determined. The CO . P. varied from, in the summermonths 3-1 to 3-7 in the month of January.

As an overall check on the results, the Electricity Supply Board's(E.S.B.) bi-monthly billing data has been summarised and shown in

Table IV where 3 years historic data has been averaged for compari-



son with 1988.

4.3. SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT

The introduction of ice accumulation into a dairy for electricalload spreading and the selection of high-efficiency components hasbeen successfully proven. The ice-water from the storage units was

maintained below 1°C and for the majority of the melt-down cycle wasbelow 0.5°C. With the use of extended heat exchange surface, product cooling to 2°C was reached.

The project was a complete technical success where the energy savedand transferred objectives were achieved as follows ( based on 12monthly period).

kWh Saved in Total:

kWh Transferred (day to night):

FORECAST

500,000

720,000

ACTUAL (PROJECTED)

525,000

710,000

In terms of load spreading; the installation of the 'cold' storagesystem has reduced the dairy electricity maximum demand from 1.5MWto almost 1MW. A much improved electrical profile now exists whichis most suitable for the self-generation of power.

4.4. OPERATING COSTS

With the new installation there are no additional maintenance costsover the previous conventional chilled water plant, in fact they

should be less. As the compressors operate on a continuous basisover a shorter time period and are not switching in and out, thelikelihood of failure is reduced. Continuous operational use andexperience should verify this statement.

4.5. FUTURE OF THE INSTALLATION

The life expectancy of the installation is in excess of 20 years andit is anticipated that the energy cost saving benefit will increasethrough the years.

There is a distinct advantage of this project to the ElectricitySupply Board in a more even load pattern throughout the day and a

reduced capacity during peak hours which will assist with futurecapacity/supply demands.

4.6. ECONOMIC VIABILITY

(i) The electrical operational costs for the installation on anannual basis is as follows:

Night Units - 710,000 kWh at 2.4p/kWh = £ 17.040Day Units - 65,000 kWh at 6.8p/kWh = £ 4 420

Total Annual Operating Cost: £ 21,460



(ii) The operational cost for the previous conventional plant was £88,400/annum, giving an annual energy cost saving of £66,940.

(iii) Simple Payback Period:

Ρ = I_ years

Q

Where: I = Investment cost. Q = Annual energy saving cost

Ρ = 310,000 years 66,940

= 4.63 years

5. PUBLICITY, COMMERCIALIZATION OTHER DEVELOPMENTS

5.1. PUBLICITY The installation has not been publicised to any great extent as yet, however, the Electricity Supply Board in Ireland are promoting and encouraging the use of ice storage.

5-2. OUTLOOK There are no real technical problems outstanding in the use of the technology demonstrated, the installation has been a complete suc-cess. The technique is ready for replication and is most suitable for all dairies in terms of energy cost saving and product quality.

The installation clearly demonstrates the cooling of milk to below

2°C without sub-zero secondary refrigerants and using purely water at 0 5°C (constant).

The replication potential for this technology is in all industrial and commercial refrigeration plants. The economic viability for each installation will vary from between 3 and 4 years simple pay-back on the capital investment for retro-fits. Where new installa-tions are being considered or additional capacities are necessary, the return on capital could be as low as 1 to 2 years. In some cases for new installations, there may be nc additional capital required over and above a conventional plant dependent on the actual design layout.

The Central Electricity Generating Authorities in all member states should actively promote this technology as the benefits are consid-erable, namely: (a) By spreading the load, this reduces the peak demands required to

be met by power stations. (b) Improves .the efficiency of input energy to electrical power

through a more even load profile. (c) Reduces the need for additional generating capacity to meet the

ever increasing demand. (d) Environmentally an improvement through reduced power station

emmissions.

8-



5-3- LESSONS LEARNT/CONCLUSIONS

The installation has confirmed the theoretical predictions and proved that ice storage linked to a chilled water plant in the dairyindustry is a most viable proposition. The energy saving objectivesof the project have been achieved.

The technique can be applied to all cooling circuits even if some

are only partial storage i.e. not 100 storage/transfer, and therefore, the potential benefits to industry and commercial buildings interms of electricity cost saving are considerable.



TABLE I; ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION & COMPRESSOR HOURS RUN DURING MONITORING PERIOD

MONITORING

PERIOD

1988/89

1. AUGUST

2. SEPTEMBER

3. OCTOBER

4. NOVEMBER5. DECEMBER

6. JANUARY

TOTALS

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (kWh)

NIGHT UNITS

62,439

60,720

56,025

46,18554,049

49,149

328,567

DAY UNITS

25,963

25,947

28,454

28,26426,419

26,763

161 ,810

TOTAL UNITS

88,402

86,667

84,479

74,44980,468

75,912

490,377

PUMPING

POWER

21,017

22,908

21,607

20.55022,079

22,975

131,136

TOTAL LESS

PUMPING

67,385

63,759

62,872

53,89958,389

52,937

359,241

COMPRESSOR

HOURS RUN

NIGHT

434.3

417.6402.6

339.5377-3

382.8

2 354.1

DAY

34.4

20.9

49.2

56.73O.3

29.5

221 .0

TABLE II: PRODUCTION DATA COLLECTED DURING MONITORING PERIOD AND HISTORIC

MONITORING

PERIOD

1988/89

1. AUGUST

2. SEPTEMBER

3- OCTOBER

4. NOVEMBER5. DECEMBER

6. JANUARY

TOTALS

MILK VOLUMES (LITRES)

INTAKE

7 347 659

7 339 613

7 448 144

7 099 5667 573 809

7 775 869

44,584,660

SEPARATED

1 866 383

1 862 205

1 723 625

1 847 1221 822 714

1 855 218

10,977,267

CREAM

167,134

167,197

174,375

166,365168,061

168,716

1 011 848

BUTTERMILK

210,934

132,061

250,485

252,758218,663

264,123

1 329 024

AVERAGE

INTAKE MILK

TEMPERATURE

(°C)

6.56

6.01

4.53

4.084.15

4. 13

-

AUGUST TO JANUARY

1986/87

MILK VOLUMES (LITRES)

INTAKE

43,174,326

SEPARATED

8 581 025

CREAM

790,970

BUTTERMILK

126,379



TABLE III: COOLING REQUIREMENTS DURING MONITORING PERIOD

MONITORING PERIOD

1988/89

1. AUGUST 2. SEPTEMBER

3. OCTOBER 4. NOVEMBER 5. DECEMBER 6. JANUARY

TOTALS

COOLING REQUIREMENTS (KCals χ 10 6)

INTAKE

37.20 32.83

21.62 17.08 18.99 18.66

146.38

PASTEURISER

76.65 76.50

77.40 73.90 78.85 80.45

463-75

SEPARATION

18.66 .18.62

17.24 18.47 18.22 18.55

109.76

CREAM

5.01 5.02

5.23 4.99 5.04 5.06

30.35

BUTTERMILK

3.80 2.38

4.51 4.55 3-94 4.75

23-93

DISTRIBUTION

14.13 13.53

12.6 11.9 12.5 12.75

77.41

TOTAL

155.45 148.88

138.60 130.89 137.54 140.22

851.58



TABLE IV: ELECTRICITY DATA DURING MONITORING PERIOD & HISTORIC

DESCRIPTION/pERIOD

MAXIMUM DEMAND (KW)

JULY/AUGUST

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER

AVERAGE

NIGHT UNITS (KWh)

JULY/AUGUST

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER

AVERAGE

DAY UNITS (KWh)

JULY/AUGUST

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER

AVERAGE

TOTAL UNITS (KWh)

JULY/AUGUST

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER

AVERAGE

1985

1,414

1,406

170 000

158 000

810 000

748 000

980 000

906 000

1986

1,440

1,516

V

1,434

192 000

172 000

V

181 000

816 000

720 000

760 000

1 008 000

892 000

V

941 000

1987

1,382

1,448

204 000

194 000

742 000

724 000

946 000

918 000

1988

1,072

1,078

1,075

278 000

276 000

277 000

602 000

606 000

604 000

880 000

882 000

881 000

-12-



ω

EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER

ICE BANK/ HYDRO-COOLER

( —

MILK (

< FLOW (

H.E.1.

COMPRESSORS

H.E.2. - I

INTAKE COOLERS

κι <J1

m

'PASTEURISERS CREAM ' SKIM

V_-/SEPARATORS

'BUTTER-

IMILK

FIG 1. FLOW DIAGRAM



G e n e r a l V i e w O f I c e B a n k I n s t a l l a t i o n

14



G e n e r a l V i e w O f I ce B a n k I n s t a l l a t i o n

15



G e n e r a l V i e w O f I ce B a n k I n s t a l l a t i o n

-16



European Communit ies — Commission

EUR 13085 — An in tegrated design fo r a l iquid milk plant using ice bank t echno logy fo r load spreading

rkhoff

Luxembourg: Office fo r Official Publications of th e European Communit ies

1990 — V, 16 pp. — f ig. , tab., ill. — 21.0 χ 29.7 cm

Energy series

EN

ISBN 92-826 -1768-8

Catalogue number: CD-NA-13085-EN-C

Price excluding VAT in Luxembourg: ECU 5

The incorporation of ice storage to a chil led water system wi l l even out th e energy profile by removing th e random switching in and out of refrigeration

compressors whi le maintaining chil led water temperatures at just over 0°C wi thout th e use of anti-freeze solut ions. With chil led water temperatures this lo w and by extending th e heat transfer surfaces, th e system enables product in this case milk to be cooled to under 2°C.





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J ou r n a l of f ic ie l

Se rv i ce d es pub l i ca t i ons de s C ommun a u t é s e u r op é enne s

2 6 , ru e Desa ix 7 5 7 2 7 Par i s Cede x 15 Té l . (1) 40 58 75 00 Fa x (1) 4 0 58 75 74

IRELAND

Go v e r nm e n t Pub l i ca t i ons Sa l e s Of f i ce

S un A l l i ance Hou s e Mo l e sw o r t h St ree t Dub l i n 2 Te l . 71 03 09

o r by pos t

Go v e r nm e n t Sta t i one ry Of f i ce

EEC Se c t i o n

6 th f l oor B i shop St ree t Dubl in 8 Te l . 78 16 66 Fa x 78 0 6 45

ITALIA

L i cosa Spa

Vi a B en e d e t t o For t i n i , 120 / 10 Case l la pos t a l e 55 2 5 0 1 2 5 Fi renze Te l . (055) 64 54 1 5

Fa x 64 12 57 Te l e x 5 7 0 4 6 6 L ICOSA I CCP 34 3 509

Su b a g e n t i :

Librer ìa scient i f ica

Luc io de Bias io - A E I O U

Vi a Merav i g l i . 16 2 0 1 2 3 Mi l ano Te l . (02) 8 0 76 79

He rd e r Ed i t r i ce e Librer ia

P iazza Mon t e c i t o r i o . 1 1 7 - 1 2 0 0 0 1 8 6 R om a Te l . (06) 6 7 9 46 2 8 / 6 7 9 53 04

Librer ia g iu r i d i ca

Vi a XII O t t o b r e . 172 /R 16121 Geno v a Te l . (010) 59 56 9 3

GRAND - D UCHÉ DE L U X EMBOURG

A b o n n em e n t s seu l emen t Subsc r i p t i ons on ly Nu r fü r A bo n n emen t s

Mess age r i e s Pau l K ra us

11. ru e Ch r i s t ophe P lan t in 2339 L u x embou r g Té l . 4 9 9 88 88 Té l e x 2515 CCP 4 9 2 4 2 - 6 3

NEDERLAND

S DU U i tgeve r i j

Chr i s to f fe l P lan t i j ns t raa t 2

P o s t b u s 20014 2 5 0 0 EA s -G r a v e n h a g e Te l . (070) 37 8 98 8 0 (bes te l l i ngen) Fa x (070) 34 7 63 51 Te lex 3 2 4 8 6 s t d r u ni

POR TUGA L OSTERRE ICH

I mp r e n s a Nac i o n a l

Casa d a Mo e d a , EP Rua D. F ranc i s co Manue l d e Me l o , P 1092 L i s boa C o d e x Te l . (01) 69 34 14

D is t r i bu ido ra d e Livros

Be r t r a nd , Ld .

G r upo Be r t r a nd , SA

Rua da s Te r r a s d o s Va l es , 4 -A A pa r t a d o 37 P 2700 Ama d o r a C o d e x Te l . (01) 49 3 90 50 - 4 9 4 87 8 8 Te l e x 15798 BERD IS Fa x 4 91 02 55

UN ITED K I NGDOM

H M S O Book s (P C 16 )

HM S O Pub l i c a t i ons Cen t r e 51 Nine E lms Lane

L o n d o n SW 8 5DR Te l . (071) 8 7 3 9 0 9 0 Fa x GP3 87 3 8463 Te l e x 2 9 71 13 8

S ub - a g e n t :

A lan A rms t r o ng L td

2 A rkw r i gh t Road Read i n g , Be rk s RG2 OSO Te l . (0734) 75 18 55 Te l e x 8 4 9 9 3 7 AAA LTD G Fa x (0734) 75 51 64

CANADA

Renou f Pub l i sh ing Co . L td

Ma i l o rde r s — Head Of f i c e : 1294 A l g oma Road O t t aw a . On ta r i o K1 Β 3W 8 Te l . (613) 741 4 3 3 3 Fa x (613) 741 54 39 Te lex 0 5 3 4 7 8 3

O t t aw a S to re : 61 Spa r k s St ree t Te l . (613) 2 3 8 89 85

To r o n t o S to re :

211 Y on g e St ree t Te l . (416) 36 3 3 71

J A P A N

K inokun i ya C om p a n y L td 17-7 Sh i n j u ku 3 Chome Sh i n j u ku - ku T o k y o 160 -91 Te l . (03) 3 54 31

J ou r n a l D e p a r t m e n t

PO Box 55 Ch i t ó se Tokyo 6 Te l . (03) 4 3 9 24

MAGY ARORS ZAG

Ag ro i n f o rm

K ö z p o n t :

B ud a p e s t I.. At t i l a út 9 3 . H 1012

Ma n z s c h e Ve r l a g s -

u nd Un i v e r s i t ä t s bu chhand l u ng

Koh lma r k t 16 1014 Wien Te l . (0222) 531 6 1 - 0 Te l e x 11 25 0 0 BOX A Fa x (0222) 531 6 1 - 8 1

SCHWE I Z / SU ISSE / SV IZZERA

OSEC

S t amp f e n b a c h s t r a ß e 85 8 0 3 5 Zü r i c h Te l . (01) 365 5 51 Fa x (01) 365 54 11

SVERIGE

BTJ

Box 20 0 2 2 1 0 0 L u n d Te l . (046) 18 0 0 00 Fa x (046) 18 01 25

TURK I YE

Le v é l c im :

B ud a p e s t . Pf.: 15 H 1253 To i . 36 (1) 56 8 2 11 Te lex (22) 4 7 1 7 AG INF H-61

Düny a Supe r Dag i t im T i c a r e t

ve sanay i A Ş .

Na r l i bahçe S o k a k No . 15 Caga l og l u I s t anbu l

Te l . 5 12 90 Te lex 2 3 8 2 2 DSVO-TR

UN ITED STA TES OF AMER ICA

UN I PU B

4 6 1 1 - F A s s emb l y Dr ive L a n h am . MD 2 0 7 0 6 - 4 3 9 1 Te l . To l l Free (800) 27 4 4888 Fa x (301) 45 9 0 0 5 6 Te l e x 7 1 0 8 2 6 0 4 1 8

YUGOSLAV I A

Pr i v redn i Vjesn i k

Bulevar Len j ina 171/X IV 11070 - B eo g r a d Yougos l a v i e

ALTRES PAYS OTHER COUNTRIES ANDERE LANDER

Of f i ce d es pub l i ca t i ons of f ic ie l les

de s C ommun a u t é s e u r op é enne s

2. ru e Merc i e r

L 2985 L u x embou r g Té l . 49 92 81 Té l e x PUBOF LU 1324 b Fa x 48 85 73 CC banca i r e BI L 8 109 6003 700

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410066

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