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entitled "Unfair Methods of Controversy": "Onephase of the vivisection controversy is of singularsignificance. It is the peculiar tendency to unfair-ness which the advocates of unrestricted experi-mentation seem to display in every discussion

regarding the practice; ...... it would seem to be

impossible for anyone writing in advocacy of un-limited and unrestricted vivisection to state fairlythe views to which he is opposed." Consideringthe repeated and continuous career of demonstratedmisstatement and falsehood that has throughoutcharacterised the crusade against scientific research,of which notable examples were given in Dr. W. W.Keen’s book reviewed in these columns recently, thisis quite in Bethmann-Hollweg’s vein.

The Arcana of Freemasonry. By ALBERT

CHURCHWARD, M.D. Brux., M.R.C.P. Edin. LondonGeorge Allen and Unwin. 1915. Price 7s. 6d. net.Pp.326.-This book is dedicated by the author to "allmy brother Masons, of whatever clime and whatevercreed, who take an interest in Masonic research,"and is made up of a series of lectures, some ofwhich have already appeared in the Freemason.This being so, the general reader will find thebook somewhat recondite, but some of the chapterswill appeal to those who take an interest in ritualand symbolism. Thus, Chapter IV. deals with theDivine Name, Chapter IX. with the origin and

explanation of some Masonic signs and symbols,and Chapter X. with Egyptology and Masonry.(Masonry, according to Dr. Churchward, has its rootin Egypt.) Chapter XII., the Operative Masons,discusses the various symbols and figures uponwhich the ground-plans of temples and otherbuildings were founded, an interesting subject,which is treated in a manner more suited to thegeneral reader by Lethaby in his book, " Archi-tecture, Mysticism, and Myth." We have read Dr.Churchward’s book with interest, and perhaps thebest comment upon it is the phrase of that learnedmember of our own profession, Sir Thomas Browne,who surely would recognise Dr. Churchward as akindred spirit: " All things began in Order, so shallthey end, and so shall they begin again, accordingto the Ordainer of Order and Mystical Mathematicksof the City of Heaven."Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-

General’s Office, U.S. Army. Authors and Subjects.Second Series, Vol. XIX. U-Uzielli. Washington :Government Printing Office. 1914. Pp. 674. Price$2.-The present volume of this storehouse of allthe literature of medicine-not of books only, butof pamphlets and individual articles in the medicalpress of the world-opens with six pages of addi-tional abbreviations for the titles of medical

periodicals to which reference is made. Amongthe important headings which embrace referencesto a wide area of literature are: United States

(70 pages), Unna (43/4 pages), Urethra (41 pages),Urinary and Urine (105’ pages), and Uterus

(232 pages). As a reference work to the medicalliterature, ancient and modern, of the entire worldthis laborious compilation stands unequalled.

MISCELLANEOUS VOLUMES.UNDER the title of Leper Houses and Mediæval Hospitals

(London : H. K. Lewis. Pp. 47. Price 1s. net) has beenissued a reprint of the FitzPatrick lectures delivered byDr. CHARLES A. MERCIER before the Royal College of Phy-sicians of London on Nov. 5th and 10th, 1914, a full abstractof which appeared in our columns on Jan. 2nd and 9th,1915. The first lecture is devoted to a historical survev ofleprosy up to the middle of the seventeenth century,- bywhich time it had practically disappeared from Europe, and

3 or. Mercier concludes by suggesting that tuberculosis as atpresent existing is a modified form of the ancient and

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mediaeval leprosy : "I I venture to put forward the hypothesisthat the bacillus of leprosy has changed in the course of

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time into the tubercular bacillus." The second lecture

mainly deals with the constitution and management of’. leper and other hospitals. Our forefathers were generous- in many ways to " Christ’s poor," but they were also thrifty.r Thus Henry IV. confirmed to the hospital of St. Giles, nearr Maldon, in Essex, that the master thereof was to have

[ towards the maintenance of the leprous burghers of the said. town the forfeitures of bread, ale, and fish that was not’

good. Some years before Henry IV.-i.e., in 1384-the’ Parliament of Scone had provided that "gif ony man bring

to the merkit corrupt swine or salmond to be sauld they’ sall be taken by the bailies and inconteinent without any

question at all sall be sent to the lipperfolke, and gif therbe no lipperfolke they sall be destroyed uterlie." Dr.Mercier’s lectures naturally give only an outline of the im-portant subject with which he deals. Mediaeval hospitalswere so bound up with mediaeval life that their history,foundation, life, decline, and fall form a very large matterfor treatment. Any reader of Dr. Mercier’s lectures whomay desire to go further into the matter will find in MissMary Clay’s "The Mediaeval Hospitals of England" anexcellent book dealing with a general view of the subject,and a copious bibliography containing references to manybooks and papers dealing with details.Two new volumes have been added to the " Pocket-

Guide Series," published at 1s. each by The Scientific Press.The first is The Muscular System, by HAROLD BURROWS,M.B., B.S. Lond., F.R.C.S. Eng., in which the most importantfeatures of the anatomy of the skeletal muscles with theirfunctions and nerve supplies are summarised. The secondis Notes on the Nervous System, by EDWIN L. ASH, M.D.Lond., which contains a similar summary of the elementaryanatomy and physiology of the human nervous system.These are specimens of a class of books which appeal tomedical students and nurses. With regard to the students,we repeat the warning to which we have had occasion sofrequently to give utterance-that such condensed guidesas these can be serviceable only if properly used for reviewingknowledge acquired practically and by study of fuller works,if they are used as substitutes in either direction they arelikely to be pernicious rather than useful.The publication of the new Pharmacopoeia of 1914 has

been naturally followed by new editions of Pocket Pre-scribers and Summaries of Materia Medica. A Conspectusof the Prineipal Cltanges of the Britislt Pharmacopœia, 1914.by J. H. WILLIAMS, F.C.S. (London : Corbyn, Stacey, andCo., Limited. 1915. Price Is.) contains an alphabeticallist of the preparations in the new Pharmacopoeia, withtheir doses in Imperial measure, as well as in the decimalmeasures adopted by the Pharmacopoeia and new prepara-tions or those which have been altered from the old Pharma-

copceia are indicated by a marginal letter. Preparations ofthe preceding Pharmacopoeia which have been omitted inthe present one are given in italics in their alphabeticalorder. There is a useful critical introduction.-Husband’s,S’tzcdents’ Pocket Preseriber and Guide to PreseriptionWrit,i7ty, in its fifth edition, by Dr. DAVID MITCHELLMACDONALD (Edinburgh : E. and S. Livingstone. 1915.Pp. 122. Price Is. 6d. net), also has been revised in accord-ance with the new Pharmacopoeia, and so has the PosologioalTables, Appendix on Poisons, Index of Diseases and Medi-eines arranged according to their Actions, fourth edition, byDr. WILLIAM CRAIG (Same publishers and date. Pp. 132.Price ls. net). Both these booklets are too well known toneed any detailed description.——Yet another is the Supple-ment to the British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1911, publishedunder the Direction of the Council of the PharmaceuticalSociety of Great Britain (London : Pharmaceutical Press.1915. Pp. 75. Price Is. net), which contains particulars ofimportant additions and alterations which have become

necessary since that work was published, including newmonographs, galenical formulas, a series of formulas for testsolutions and microscopical stains, a list of the chemicalequivalents of substances known under proprietary trade-names, and alterations in the text of the Codex that havebeen rendered neces3ary by the 1914 revision of the BritishPharmacopœia. There is also a table of corrigenda for theCodex of 1911.