Mixed Methods Approachb

7/28/2019 Mixed Methods Approachb

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Mixed MethodsApproach

Associate Professor Dr.Mohd Sallehhudin Abd Aziz

[email protected]


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Approaches to Research

Research

Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Methods


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Quantitative researchA type of research which the researcher

decides what to study :asks specific

questions; collects quantifiabledata from participants ;analyze thesenumbers using statistics and

conducts inquiry in unbiasedobjective manner


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Types of quantitative

research Descriptive

Experimental/Quasi Experimental

Correlational


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Qualitative researchA type of research in which the

researcher relies on the views of

participants asks broad generalquestions; collects data consistinglargely words from participant,

describes these words for themesand conducts the inquiry in subjective ,biased manner


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Types of Qualitative

research Interviews

Observations

Documents


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Mixed Method Mixed methods procedures employ

aspects ofboth Quantitative and

Qualitative procedures


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Types of Mixed Methods

Approach Sequential

Concurrent

Transformative


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DefinitionAmixed method approach is one in

which the researcher collects, analyzes,

and integrates both quantitative andqualitative data in a single study or inmultiple studies in a sustained program

of inquiry(Creswell 2003)


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Mixed methods research

methods Both predetermined and emerging

methods

Both open ended and closed-endedquestions

Multiple forms of data drawing on all

possibilities

Statistical and text analysis


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The situation today is less

qualitative versus quantitativemore how research practices liesomewhere on a continuum


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A research continuum

quantitativequalitative


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arac er s cs oQuantitative/Qualitative

researchQuantitativeApproach

QualitativeApproach

Sample size:n Sample size is not aconcern

Measurable Interpretive

Report StatisticalAnalysis

Report rich narrative


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arac er s cs oQuantitative/Qualitative

researchBasic element ofanalysis is numbers

Basic element ofanalysis is words

Researcher is separate Researcher is part ofprocess

Subjects Participants

Hypotheses Research questions


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Which approach to adopt? The research problem

The researcher

The audience


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Why use mixed methods?

Validity to corroborate Quan andQual data

Offset offset weaknesses of Quanand Qual and draw on strengths

Completeness more comprehensive

account that Qual or Quan alone Process Quan provides outcomes;

Qual, the processes


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Explanation Qual can explain Quanresults or vice-versa

Instrument development Qualemployed to design instrument

Credibility both approaches enhance

integrity of findings


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You want the strength of multiple methodstriangulation

Rigorous mixed methods studies provide theopportunity to efficiently generate greaterunderstanding answer a broader and morecomplete range of questions

Use the strengths of an additional method toovercome the weakness in another


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Weaknesses

More complex

Resource intensive

Time intensive

Complexity in relation to data collectionand analysis


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Strategies of enquiries

Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Methods

ExperimentalDesigns

Descriptive

Correlational

Ethnographies

Case Studies

Narratives

Sequential

Concurrent

Transformative


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Mixed Methods:Concurrent

Concurrent Mixed Method Design isa design in which both Qualitative and

Quantitative data area collected andanalyzed to answer the researchquestions (Qualitative and Quantitative)


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Mixed Methods:Concurrent

CONCURRENT

Equal Qualitative +Quantitative

Dominant QUALITATIVE +quantitative

QUANTITATIVE +quantitative


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Concurrent mixed modeldesign

Multi strand mixed design in whichthey are two relatively independent

strands/phases: one with QUALquestions and data collection andanalysis techniques and the other with

QUAN questions and data collectionand analysis techniques


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Concurrent mixed methoddesign

A multi strand design in which bothQUAL and QUAN data are collected and

analyzed to answer a single typeresearch question (QUAL or QUAN)


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Mixed Methods:SEQUENTIAL

SEQUENTIAL

Equal QUAN QUAL

Dominant QUAN qual

QUAL quan


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SEQUENTIAL

Sequential mixed method is adesign in which one type of data (e.g.

QUAN) provides a basis for thecollection of another type of data (e.g.QUAL) It answers one type of question

(Qual or Quan) by collecting andanalyzing two types of data (QUAL orQUAN)


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DIFFERENCES


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Procedures/Instruments

Quantitative Qualitative MixedMethods

Instrumentbasedquestions

Open endedquestions

Interview data

Text andimage data

Both openclosedendedquestions

Statistical andtext analysis


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FORMAT


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A Qualitative Format Introduction

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Research QuestionsLimitations

Review of Literature

Theoretical Framework

ROL\Conceptual framework


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Methods

Characteristics of qualitative research

Role of the researcherData collection procedures

Data analysis procedures

Strategies for validating findingsPreliminary pilot findings

Appendixes: research questions,

observational forms


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A Quantitative Format

Introduction


Purpose of the study

Theoretical Perspective

Research Questions or hypothesesLimitations


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Quantitative Format cont


Method

Type of research designSample, population and subjects

Data collection instruments and material

Data analysis procedures (Statistical tools)Preliminary studies/pilot tests

Appendixes: instruments


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A Mixed Methods Format

Introduction


Purpose of the study (both qualitative andquantitative statements and rationale formixing methods)

Research Questions (Both qualitative andquantitative)

Review of literature


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A Mixed Method Formatcont

Methods

Characteristicsof mixed methods research

Visual model and procedures of the designData collection procedure

types of data

sampling strategy

Data analysis and validity procedures

Role of the researcher

Appendixes


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Review of literature


Substantialamount ofliterature atthe

beginning tointroduce aproblem

Use sparinglyin thebeginning-substantial at

the outset

Use literatureconsistent withapproach-qualitative or

quantitative-most prevalentin the design


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Purpose Statement


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Purpose statement


The purpose ofhis study todescribe/develop/discover/und

erstand-useneutral words

Must conveybothquantitativeand qualitative

purposestatements.Indicate mixedmethodsdesi n


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Purpose statements ofMixed methods eg.

The purpose of this two phase,sequential study is to obtain statistical

and quantitative from a sample andthen follow up with a few individuals toprobe or explore those results in more

depth


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Purpose statements ofMixed methods e.g.

The purpose of this concurrent mixedmethods study is to better understand

a research problem by converging bothquantitative and qualitative data .In the study quantitative instrument

will be used to measure therelationship. At the same time thecentral phenomenon will be exploredusing qualitative interviews


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Research Questions


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Research Questions


Use researchquestions/hypotheses

A centralquestion +

Associatedquestions

To discover/Seek tounderstand/Explore process

Mixed methodsmust havequantitative andqualitative

researchquestions


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Final Draft Proposal 15 pages excluding cover page

Gaya UKM

Times New Roman

1.5 Spacing

No fancy cover/frame

To submit to respective instructor by

9/6/2012 Late submission will result in a grade

lower


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General Research proposalOutline

Introduction

Literature review

Methodology

Preliminary findings/piloting

Discussion

Bibliography


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Evaluation ofResearch Proposal

The clarity of research questionsposed

How well it explains the relevance ofthe question to an academicliterature


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Evaluation ofResearch Proposal cont.

The relevance of the researchquestions to the method chosen to

collect and analyze data Clarity, comprehensiveness,

coherence, grammar and spelling


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Proposal presentation

To give 10-15 minute presentation

To consult and get approval from

respective instructor prior topresentation

To be present through out the

duration of the presentation slot To ask questions and give

comments


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Proposal presentation

All students must present theirproposals on the chosen date 4-5th of

June 2012Venue: Bilik Mesyuarat Fakulti

Absent presenter assumed Not

interested to present


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Thank You


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A million thanks to


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A million thanks to


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A million thanks to


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A million thanks to


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