mm bagali

Jain University

Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought

How many visited library before Planning to do research

How many saw literature / article /papers /report before commencement

How many visited company / organization before

finalizing to do research

How many met professors (to be your guide) before

finalizing to do research

Preparation for Research work

with 100%

with 75%

with 50%

with 10%

with nothing at all

Why all this

Can do or cant do

Can do good work or cant do good work

Can do a new work or cant do a new work

Can really do a research work

Crafting Literature Review

If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it

agenda

Why Literature Review

How to do it

When to do

ICSSR

Philosophy

Literature review should reach some conclusion on current state of knowledge and suggest next step in investigation of the problem or question of interest

Further Research section

What's the relevance

Why??

Identify extent and quality of work already carried out

Avoid duplication

Conceptually organized synthesis of results

Who all are working / network

Why??

Organized examination and presentation of the writings

Research question and methodology can be better understood

Breadth and diversity of literature that relates to the research question

Literature review is a context within which you locate your own work in relation to other researchers

Piece of work

Every piece is required, but not essential always

Utility of LS

• Questionnaire• Comparison• Analysis (discussion)• Result analysis• Network• Justification

Self Questions

• Deciding what to refer• Referring to others’ work• How it is connected • what this work is all about• Is it relevant• Is it valid• Is it appropriate• Is it standard • Is it worth

Two ways

• Read other work, than construct your map• Have a map, and than see others work

Importance of Literature Search

• Can I have focus / direction• Are my objectives relevant• Is my Research Question apt

• Are my hypothesis ok• Can I prove from my work• Can I conclude• Generate New knowledge• Can I have a Research degree

Types of literature

Preprints Conference proceedings

Informally published reports (“grey literature”)

Journal articlesReviews Books

Edited collections Books

Monographs/surveys/

• Theses Reports • Official publications • Research reports/ papers• Working papers• Theme papers

Broad areas

Search

BooksResearch

papersPhD/ M.Phil

Post Doctoral

Avoid

– News papers– Draft proposals

– Discussions– Debate– Popular Opinions

Online Search

EBSCO

NASSDOC

University News

Micro Purpose of a literature review

1. Helps map and define your research topic

2. Presents a balanced view

3. Justifies your research question

4. Provides literature for you to compare

1. Helps map and define research topic

highlights scope & boundaries

shows where the study fits into broad picture

shares proposed study

provides evidence that your topic is building onto an established body of knowledge

2. Presents a balanced view

arrange your notes in a logical order

identify the major themes

look for relationships

try to avoid long lists of sub-topics

3. Justifies your research question

Justifies and makes a case for your research question, problem, issue

Provides a framework for establishing importance of your study

Argues that not enough is yet known about the topic

4. Literature to compare

Provides literature for you to compare your thinking

What they are X what you are

What they said X what you say

Their contribution X your contribution

Develop an Outline for a Literature Review

• Develop research question• Define key terms• State a research thesis, and • Identify a target list of 20 key resources

Presentation of Literature Review

Title, Author, Research Question, Key Terms, Findings,

Methodology, and what was the gap

Format

Format 1

– Essay way

Format 2

– Review Main points

Format 3

– Tabular Form

Format 4

– Entire work

Sources for Literature SearchOff-line

Abstract database of all the subjects

Subject Index

• Guide to Indian Literature• Ulrich Guide• Library search• Registers• Classified catalog cards • Bibliographic databases• Psychological Abstracts• Sociological Abstract• IIM-A/ B • Footnote chasing

Common error

• Too quick conclusion• Try same thing• Complete reading of paper • Format of presentation• Nothing for me to do• Copying

Skills

• Reading• Understanding• Critical Analysis• Logical connection• Leave out• Visiting libraries• Special Library

Key words on your topic

Example: Empowerment

• ??

Key words on your topic

Example: Empowerment

• OB• HR practices• HRM / SHRM• Leadership• Organizational Change• Restructuring / OD• Sociology of Culture• Change Management

Work on

Accountability / Bureaucracy / Culture / Leadership/ Management Style and approach / Structure / liberty / Communication / Decision Making / Discipline/ Ethos / Industrial Democracy / Knowledge Sharing / Ownership Culture / Organizational Health / Power Distribution/ Responsibility Sharing / Transparency / Information sharing / Degree of trust & loyalty……….

ICSSR….. Research funding

• NASSDOC• Study Grants• Partial Assistance• Literature search…. Bibliography• Conference Alert• PhD thesis• Monographs• All Social Science journals

List of Machine Readable Databases

Online Databases

EconLit (1969+)

International Political Science Abstracts (1989+)

Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) (1969+)

PsycINFO (1872+)

Sociological Abstracts (1952+)

II CD ROM Databases • AGRIS (1975-2000)All India Index to English books in print

• Business Abstracts CD-ROM (1999-2003,2008)

• Dissertation Abstracts on Disc : A Humanities and Social Sciences (with abstracts) (1987-2003)

• ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre) (with abstracts) (1966-2000)

• International Bibliography of Social Science (1981-2002)

• ISID Research Reference CD (without abstracts)

• Journal Citation Report (2000, 2002)

• PAIS International (Public Affairs Information Service)

• POPLINE (Population Online) (with abstracts) (2002)

• PsycINFO (with abstracts) (2003 June)

• Singapore National Bibliography (1998-2002)

• Social Sciences Citation Index with Abstracts (1998-99, 2003)

• Social Science Index (without abstract) (1983-2000)

• Social Sciences Index / Full Text (1989-1999)

• UNESCO CD-ROM (1997-2002)

• Vans Electronic Library (2000-2001)

• Wilson Social Science Abstracts Women Studies International (1972-2004)

Statistical Databases

• Annual Survey of Industries, 1973-74 to 1997-98

• Domestic Product of States of India, 1960-1961 to 2000-01

• Economic Intelligence Service (2004-2005) (CMIE, India)

• FAO STAT (Food and Agriculture Statistics) (2001)

• Global Development Finance on CD-ROM

• National Accounts Statistics of India 1950-51 to 2000-01

• UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics (2002)

• World Development Indicators on CD-ROM (1999, 2003)

• Other Database……..Indian Business Insight Database (IBID)

Bibliography compilation charges :

Rs. 25/- plus Rs.22.00 for the Registered Postage

(Total Rs. 47.00 for 25 references)

As on March, 2012

Library

• ICSSR• AIMA• ILO• JNU• Parliament • HRD Ministry• NCERT• AIU• British • American

Reflections

Do I have a specific thesis, problem, or research question

What type of literature review am I conducting?

Am I looking at issues of theory, methodology, policy, quantitative research,

qualitative research?

What is the scope of my literature review? What types of publications am I using: journals, books, government documents, popular media?

What discipline am I working in: economics, psychology, sociology, management?

• How good are my information seeking skills?

• Found all the relevant material?

• Did I exclude irrelevant material?

• Is there a specific relationship between literature chosen to review and problem formulated?

Have I critically analyzed the literature I use?

Do I just list and summarize authors and articles, or do I critically assess them?

Have I cited and discussed studies contrary to my perspective?

Will the reader find my literature review relevant, appropriate, and useful?

Some tips

Keep up to date - start with recent and work back

Be persistent, search across disciplines

Resist temptation to rely on online content

Read intensively and extensively

End Tips

Don’t worry if it looks messy

Boundaries between this literature and that literature are not clearly demarcated

There is no definitive set of choices about which literatures, or authors, to include in your literature review

Do not start writing your literature review until you have developed a broad and deep understanding of your topic!

You can’t know everything

Aware

• Copyright

• Patent• Cant dawn load• Cant change

Nice to be with you all

sanbag@rediffmail.com / sanbagsanbag@rediffmail.com