Model Scheme for large diameter wells with pumpset

INTRODUCTION

The concept of Self Help Groups (SHG) is gaining in importance as an alternative system

of credit delivery system, especially to people who are the poorest of poor. Institutions in

the organized sector have come to realise that using the group mode could significantly

reduce their transaction cost while at the same time strengthen monitoring of use of credit

through peer pressure. SHGs are voluntary association of people who have come together

to attain certain social and economic goals. They consist of members of poor households

who are economically and socially backward. They collect a few Rupees for month over

a period of time and use the money for any individual needs. The banks are expected to

finance atleat 4 times the amount thus collected for economic activity of the group.

Government of India has come with a big programme of Swarna Jayanti Gram

Swarojgari Yojana (SGSY) combining all the rural development programmes to

strengthen the income generating activities of the groups. However, the implementing

agencies require good projects with assured returns so that the people below poverty line

(BPL) may come up above the line. This project is an attempt to develop and implement

such programme through a Voluntary agency called ARPAN located at Sabarkantha

district.

IMPLEMENTING AGENCY

NGO

NGO is a voluntary agency located at Himmatnagar of Sabarkantha district and is

implementing a programme of Formation, guiding and trying to uplift the people above

BPL under Swashaki project of Govt of Gujarat and similar programmes. The voluntary

agency consists of professionals in the respective areas of specialization and stay and

move among the people for their day-to-day need of consultancy in the areas of health,

education and other programmes.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the project is to provide drinking water as well as irrigation facilities in

the tribal belt of Khedbrahma and Vijaynagar talukas of Sabarkantha district and extent

the same over the whole district during the next five years once the present proposal is

implemented. The proposal consists of construction of dug wells and providing pump sets

to the members of SHGs formed by their own groups as well as other groups in the area.

The wells will be used for drinking purposes to the whole community and will be used

for irrigation. The wells would be as far as possible property of two or three members of

the groups. In exceptional cases, they will be owned by one single member. The members

have to pay a minimum contribution of about 5 % of the cost, either in cash or own

labour contribution. This is necessary as the peoples’ participation is absolutely

necessary.

AREA OF IMPLEMENTATION

Sabarkantha district is located on the North-East part of Gujarat State and it lies between

North latitude 230 30’ and 24

0 34’ and East longitude 72

0 10’ & 73

0 36’. Is surrounded by

Aravali Hills and border of State of Rajasthan in the North and East, Panchmahal, Kaira

and Ahmedbad district is south, Banaskantha and Mehsana district in West. The area of

the district is 7390.28 sq.km. The district falls in agro-climatic zone IV –North Gujarat

characterized by rainfall ranging from 800 to 1000 mm. There are 1385 inhabited villages

and 18 uninhabited. The district is divided into 13 talukas viz., Baayad, Bhiloda,

dhansura, Himtnagar, Idar, Khedbrahma, Malpur, Meghraj, Modasa, Prantiz, Talod,

Vadali and Vijaynagar for the purpose of administrative convenience. District is well

connected by National Highways & Rail Network.

The district is industrially backward as there are only five major industries viz., sabar

dairy, and sabar dan cattle feed factory, Gujarat Abuja proteins and Tudor battery.

Out of the total population of 17.91 lakhs (1991 census0 89.5 % of population is rural and

the density of population is 238 per sq.km as against the state’s average of 210 per sq.km.

the population of scheduled Caste constitutes about 8.5 % and that of Scheduled Tribe

about 16.72 % of the district population. The main occupation of the district is agriculture

as about 72.45 % of work force of the district is engaged in agriculture work.

The basic details of the district and the map giving road network of the district are given

below.

Basic details of the district

Details Quantity

Geographical Area (Sq.Km) 7390

No of blocks 13

No of villages 1383

Average Rainfall (mm) 690

Agriculture (net sown Area (ha)) 425759

Irrigated Area

(ha)

Net Irrigated area 193112

By Canals 43114

By wells 124103

By DTW 24339

Other sources 1556

Land Holdng

pattern

Details No of

holdings

Area

(ha)

Less than 1 ha 51695 27770

1 to 2 ha 46793 68457

More than 2 ha 76545 338547

MAP of SABARKANTH DISTRICT

SOILS

The soils in Sabarkantha district broadly fall in grey and brown catetory, which are

farmed from Basalts as well as crystalline, and sandstone rocks. The grey category occurs

in plans while brown in the hilly areas of the district.

The soil map of Gujarat is included below.

The water holding capacity of the soils vary from place to place. However, they range

from 150 mm to 200 mm within a depth of 1m bolow ground level. The water holding

capacity of the Gujarat soils are shown below.

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL

Rainfall

The rainfall in the sabarkantha district varies from 450 mm to 803 mm with an average

of 690 mm. The map of annual rainfall of Gujarat is shown below

Temperatures

The maximum temperatures in the sabarkantha district vary from 27 to 31 degrees

but some times they touch as much as 45 degrees in hot weather, while the minimum

temperatures vary from 16 to 20. Occassionally, the minimum temperatures touch less

than 10 degrees. The maximum and minimum temperatures of Gujarat State are shown

below.

HYDROGOLOGY AND GROUND WATER POTENTIAL

The geological formations in the district are hard rock formations consisting of sandstone

and alluvial deposits of Sabarmati River. The hard rock formations cover more than two

thirds of the area, which are Vadali, dhansura, Khedbrahma, Idar, Mapur, bhiloda,

vijaynagar, Meghraj and Modasa talukas. The hard rock and alluvial formations occur in

bayad and partly in Prantiz and talod whereas sandstone and alluvial formation occur in

Himatnagrar and partly in Prantiz block.

The ground water occurs both in unconfined and confined states and the water levels are

normally in the range of 15 to 20 m below ground level (bgl) in hot weather while they

are in the range of 10 to 15 bgl in Kharif and Rabi season. The ground water potential of

the district as per the latest ground water estimates as estimated by GWRDC and CGWB

are as under.

Ground water and irrigation potential of sabarkantha district Year 1997(mcm/Year)

Details

Name of the taluks

Khed

brah

ma

Vijay

nagar

Meg

hraj

Bhilo

da Bayad

Pranti

z

Mal

pur

Moda

sa Idar

Himm

atnaga

r

Total

Gross

groundwater

draft

73.2

5 28.26

41.2

6 93.00

115.9

9

162.3

9

38.3

5

106.7

7 146.96 155.6

961.8

3

Utilisabe

ground

water

recharge

58.6 22.61 33.0

1 74.4 92.79

129.9

1

30.6

8 85.42 117.57

124.4

8

769.4

6

Total

ground

water draft

40.7

1 18.15

30.9

5 64.22 66.55

114.8

6

26.4

4 84.20 128.89

107.9

5

682.9

2

Ground

water

balance

17.8

9 4.46 2.06 10.18 26.24 15.05 4.24 1.22 -11.32 16.53 86.54

Level of

ground

water

developmen

t

69.4

7 80.28

93.7

7 86.32 71.72 88.41

86.1

8 98.58 109.63 86.72 88.75

Category Whit

e Grey

Dar

k Grey Grey Grey

Gre

y Dark

Over

Exploite

d

Grey Grey

Irrigation

potential

created (ha)

8850 3946 672

8 13961 14467 24970

574

8 18304 28020 23467

14846

1

Balance

irrigation

potential

(ha)

3889 970 448 2213 5704 3272 922 265 -2461 3593 18813

Ultimate

irrigation

potential

(ha)

1273

9

4915 717

6

16174 20172 28241 667

0

18570 25559 27061 16727

4

IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE DISTRICT

There are a few minor and medium irrigation projects in the district namely, Sabarmati,

Hathmati, Harnav, vatrak, Meshow, vaidi, And Guhai which contribute gross irrigation

potential of 43114 ha. However, due to uneven rainfall the irrigation development due to

the above projects is very meager and the majority of irrigation of the order of 148442 ha

(76.87%) is done by ground water and only 23.12 % of the area is irrigated by surface

irrigation projects like canal, tanks and ponds etc.

PHYSICAL PROGRAMME

The physical programme consists of constructing 50 dug wells and 50 pump sets in three

talukas of the Sabarkantha district. The programme will be extended after the

implementation of this programme throughout the district. The details of the same are

given below.

Taluka Dug wells Pump sets

Khedbrahma 18 18

vijayanagar 17 17

Himmatnagar 15 15

Total 50 50

PHASING

The programme of 50 wells and pump sets is expected to complete in two years. The

phasing is as under

Taluka 2001-2002 2002-2003

Dug wells Pump sets Dug wells Pump sets

Khedbrahma 8 8 10 10

vijayanagar 7 7 10 10

Himmatnagar 5 5 10 10

Total 20 20 30 30

DESIGN

The designs of wells depend on the cropping pattern, aquifer geometry, the topography

and the availability of water in the area. A computer programme has been developed to

design optimum depth and diameter of wells in the area based on the crops grown and the

no of pumping hours feasible in the area. As this is hard rock area and also predominantly

tribal, a command area of 1.5 ha is considered especially for group wells.

The detailed assumption for working out design and cost is given below.

Cropping pattern

Kharif

Rabi Hot weather

Cotton 0.75 ha Wheat 0.75

ha

Ground nut 0.75 (ha)

Ground

nut

0.75 ha

1. No of pumping hours

The no of pumping hours is normally 6 hours in Kharif and about 4 hours in Rabi

based on the availability of water.

2. Water levels in the area

Based on the ground water levels measured in the area by Central Ground Water

Board and GWRDC, the average depth of water levels are about 18 m below

ground level in the district. Thus the depth of the wells is 20m as normally 2 m

water column is considered in summer. This will effectively provide enough

water up to Rabi as per the cropping pattern given above.

3. A computer programme has been developed in Visual Basic-6 for designing

Optimum Design of Large Diameter wells. The computer programme results are

shown below with the data given above.

Results of Computer programme for designing of optimum design of wells in

the area

The computer programme estimates the design of wells as under

Diameter = 4.04 say 4.0 m

Depth = 20 m

HP of the pump set = 5

Spacing between wells 76 m. But it is advisable to keep at least 150 m between two dug

wells in hard rock areas for avoiding future interference between them and to reduce the

over capitalization of the project.

UNIT COST

The unit cost of the well and pump set based on the existing market rates are as under.

The details of the estimates are given in Annexure –1

Well Rs 57800

Pump set Rs 13000

Location of wells Rs 500

TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT

The total physical cost of the project has been worked out in detail and shown bellow

Year wise Project Cost

2001-2002

dug wells Pump set

Taluka No of wells Unit

cost

Amount Unit

cost of

location

of wells

Cost of

location

of wells

Total

Cost

No of Pump sets

Unit cost Amou

nt

Total

Cost of

well and

pump

set

Khedbrahma 8 57800 462400 500 4000 466400 8 13000 104000 570400

vijayanagar 7 57800 404600 500 3500 408100 7 13000 91000 499100

Himmatnagar 5 57800 289000 500 2500 291500 5 13000 65000 356500

Total 20 1156000 10000 1166000 20 260000 1426000

2002-2003

Dug wells Pump sets

taluka No of wells Unit

cost

Amount Unit

cost of

location

of wells

Cost of

location

of wells

Total

Cost

No of Pump sets

Unit cost Amou

nt

Total

Cost of

well and

pump

set

Khedbrahma 10 57800 578000 500 5000 583000 10 13000 130000 713000

vijayanagar 10 57800 578000 500 5000 583000 10 13000 130000 713000

Himmatnagar 10 57800 578000 500 5000 583000 10 13000 130000 713000

Total 30 1734000 15000 1749000 30 390000 2139000

Summary of the proposal

The summary of the project cost including the management and own contribution is

given briefly below totaling of Rs 42..33 lakhs in the three talukas of Sabarkantha

district. The average cost of well and pump set including the cost of location of wells,

management cost works out to be Rs 84668.7 appears to be reasonable in view of the

remote area to be serviced and very poor group members who have to be helped in

helping themselves.

Summary of dug well programme in Sabarkantha district (Amount in Rs)

Taluka Year

2001-

2002

Year

2002-

2003

Taluka

wise

totals

Farmer’

Contribution

(5%) either

in cash or

labour

Net cost

required

Management

and

supervision

cost (NGO)-

25 %

Taluka

wise

total

cost

Khedbrahma 570400 713000 1283400 64170 1219230 304807 1524037

vijayanagar 499100 713000 1212100 60605 1151495 287874 1439369

Himmatnagar 356500 713000 1069500 53475 1016025 254006 1270031

Total 1426000 2139000 3565000 178250 3386750 846687 4233437

ACTION PLAN

It is proposed to construct 20 wells and pump sets during the year 2001-2001 and 30

wells and pump sets during 2002-2003. After completion of this programme, it will be

replicated in other talukas and other districts. The action plan is broadly is as follows

• The Voluntary Agency (ARPAN) which is engaged in formulating and helping

the strengthening of SHGs will request the members of their own groups at the

first instance and nearby groups subsequently to give the list of members who are

interested in constructing dug wells in their farms or villages for irrigation as well

as drinking purposes.

• ARPAN will consolidate all these applications and forward the same to the Hydro

geologist to locate the wells and give design and unit cost as per the site

requirements.

• Once, the locations are recommended by the Hydro geologist, the concerned

farmers or group of farmers/members of SHG will be informed and they will start

digging at the specified location and as per the design.

• Money will be disbursed on weekly basis. The concerned member will briefly

give the details of the cost and the chairman/secretary of the SHG will certify that

the expenditure is reasonable.

• The Voluntary Agency will inspect the progress of work on fortnightly basis and

provide the necessary guidance at each stage till the completion of the well and

installation of the pump set.

• The hydro geologist who has recommended the site will visit the sites once in a

month and provide the necessary guidance to the member of the NGO as well as

to the SHG members.

• Bimonthly report will be submitted to the donor agency regarding the progress of

the work.

• A final completion report will be submitted to the donor agency once the project

is completed.

• Interim reports will be submitted once in 6 months.

AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS

The cost of the project varies from 12.7 lakhs to 15.2 lakhs with a total project cost of

42.33 lakhs as indicated above in the three talukas of the district. The proposal is

expected to be financed by either a Voluntary agency or Govt of Gujarat or under loan

component from banks with refinance assistance from National Bank for Agriculture and

Development Bank (NABARD).

RELEASE OF FUNDS

• As soon as the project is sanctioned, 25 % of the funds for the first year

programme are released to the implementing agency. (NGO in this case)

• Subsequently, the amount will be reimbursed to the Agency based on the bills and

expenditure statement submitted to the donor Agency on monthly basis.

• The management cost also will be added on every statement @ 25% of the bills

submitted so that by the time the project is completed , the management cost will

also be reimbursed.

INFRSTRUCTURE

The following infrastructure is required in the district

• Since the district is having hard rock formation in the 80 % of its area, the digging

of well requires blasting material to break the hard rock; therefore, the skilled

labour and blasting material in sufficient quantity is required for digging the

wells.

• It is essential to have some technically competent agencies, which are capable of

identifying the proper location and siting of wells and guide the farmers in

constructing the wells.

• There is also a need to energise the wells as quickly as possible. For this GEB

should be able to provide connections as soon as the wells are constructed. In the

absence of the same only oil engines have to be financed.

• Large no of Cooperative and commercial banks are available in the area to fulfill

the credit needs of the farmers for both short term needs of fertilizer and seeds etc

and long tern loans like digging of wells, pump sets etc.

• Govt extension services should be able to help the farmers in guiding them for

proper crop husbandry activities.

• The monitoring of the programme will be done by the NGO which is

implementing this programme and the results will be submitted to the donor

agency in monthly/quarterly statements.

ECONOMICS

The economics of the project has been worked out considering 1.5 ha command area. The

detailed cropping pattern and pre and post cropping and BCR and IRR have been worked

out as seen from the computer results. The IRR works out to be 19 % with sensitivity

analysis of 5 % cost increase and 5 % reduction in yields. The basic details are shown

below and the detailed results are shown in the annexure I and II. As seen from the

details, the project is technically feasible as the project is in white and grey category and

economically viable as the IRR is more than 15 % including sensitivity analysis.

Basic Economic parameters

NET PRESNT

INCOME (Rs) 190100.41

NET PRESENT COST 13678.79

BCR 1.08

IRR(%) 19.09

GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMS

There are large number of Central and State Government programmes in the district,

under poverty alleviation programmes. They are briefly given below

Government programmes

(Rs. in lakhs)

Sr. No.

Name of DRDA code No.

Year Programme Total Allocation

15 Sabarkantha 15 1999-2000 SGSY 156.370

1999-2000 JGSY 210.34

1999-2000 Indira Awas 138.77

The NGO will also actively participate in the above programmes to provide the benefits

to the farmers/members of the group so that they will get benefit from all the Govt

programmes.

CONCLUSIONS

The Government of India is struggling to bring its population above the poverty line

during the last 50 years since our independence. Various rural development

proprogrammes have been implemented with limited success as the people who are the

beneficiaries view them as Govt programmes. Now, the Govt has come up with the

concept of Self Help Groups where the groups them selves identify the needs, collect

funds first among themselves and participate in lending activities with the active banks

and NABARD support. They are expected to grow and becoming self-sustaining units

and participate various income generating activities.

One of the most important and economically sustainable activities is development of

minor irrigation, which not only provides economic benefits but also provide drinking

water in the villages which is very important. In this proposal, an attempt is made to

provide a means to an end by proposing constructing a few dug wells by Self Help

Groups by them selves with the help and guidance of Voluntary Agency which is actively

participating in promoting SHGs and helping them self sustaining.

The project cost varies from 12 lakhs to 15.2 lakhs for the three blocks proposed is very

meager and providing the same will go a long way in helping the tribal people in the area.

Once the progrmme is successable, it will be extended to all other blocks of the district at

the first instance and to the whole State subsequently.

Pre and Post income due to change in cropping pattern (Annexure I)

PRE-INVESTMENT

CROP COM.AR

EA

TOT.YIE

LD

GROSS COST

OF

NET INCOME

(HA) (QTLS) INCOME CULTI(

RS)

(RS)

cotton 0.5 6.5 14625 7900 6725

g.nut 1 10 13750 8300 5450

INTEREST ON INVESTMENT IS ONLY ON 75 % OF COST OF

CULTIVATION @ PRES.INT

1701

LAND REVENUE 7.5

MAINTENANCE OF PUMPSET 0

TOTAL COST 17908.5

NET INCOME (A)= 10466.5

POST INVESTMENT

CROP COM.AREA TOT.YIE

LD

GROSS COST OF NET

INCOME

WATER

REQ

NO OF

(HA) (QTLS) INCOME CULTI(RS) (RS) (CUM) PUMP.HRS

cotton 0.75 14.25 32062.5 13500 18562.5 6750 675

g.nut 0.75 11.25 15468.75 6825 8643.75 1125 113

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

wheat 0.75 22.5 18562.5 11550 7012.5 3375 338

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

g.nut 0.2 3 4125 1820 2305 600 60

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.45 70218.75 33695 36523.75 11850 1186

POST INVESTMENT

CROP COM.AR

EA

TOT.YIE

LD

GROSS COST OF NET

INCOME

WATER

REQ

NO OF

(HA) (QTLS) INCOME CULTI(RS) (RS) (CUM) PUMP.HR

S

cotton 0.75 14.25 32062.5 13500 18562.5 6750 675

g.nut 0.75 11.25 15468.75 6825 8643.75 1125 113

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

wheat 0.75 22.5 18562.5 11550 7012.5 3375 338

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

g.nut 0.2 3 4125 1820 2305 600 60

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.45 70218.75 33695 36523.75 11850 1186

INTEREST ON INVESTMENT IS ONLY ON 75 % OF COST OF CULTIVATION @ PRESENT

INTEREST

3537.98

LAND REVENUE 49

MAINTENACE OF PUMPSET 2212

-

TOTAL COST 39493.98

-

NET INCOME (B) = 30724.78

RECURRING COST AND BENIFIT FOR

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

- - - -

REC COST=(POST COST-PRE COST) =

21585.48

BENIFIT=(POST GROSS INCOME - PRE

GROSS INCOME)=

41843.75

NET INCREMENTAL INCOME (B-A)= 20258.28

Annexure II

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF MINOR IRRIGATION SCHEMES--

CASH FLOW

STATEMENT

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

YEA

RS

PARTICULAR

S

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

INI.IN

VESTME

NT

71300

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

130

00

0

0

0

0

0

REC.COST

0

12951

2158 5

21585

215

85

21585

21585

215

85

215

85

215

85

215

85

215

85

215

85

2158 5

2158 5

21585

Cost increased

by 5% and

income reduced

by 5%)

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

TOTAL COST

74865

13599

2266 5

22665

226

65

22665

22665

226

65

226

65

226

65

363

15

226

65

226

65

2266 5

2266 5

22665

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

BENIFIT

0

25106

4184 4

41844

418

44

41844

41844

418

44

418

44

418

44

418

44

418

44

418

44

4184 4

4184 4

41844

RESID

UE VAL

390 0

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

TOT.INCOME

0

23851

3975 2

39752

397

52

39752

39752

397

52

397

52

397

52

397

52

397

52

397

52

3975 2

3975 2

39752

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

-

NET CASH

FLOW

-74865

10252

1708 7

17087

170

87

17087

17087

170

87

170

87

170

87

343 7

170

87

170

87

1708 7

1708 7

17087

DISOUNT

RATE(%

)

15

20

19

NET PRESENT

COST

17642 2

14623 6

15089 2

NET PRESNT

INCOME

19010 0

14383 9

15089 2

-

SENSITIV

ITY ANALYSIS

Cost

Increa

se d

BY

(%)

Income

reduced

BY (%)

IRR

NET PRESENT

COST

13678.

79

-

2396.

85

0

5

5

19.0 9

BCR

1.08

0.98

1

GUSS

DISCOUNT

RATE (%)

50

IRR(%

) 19.09