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7/31/2019 Modelling and Simulation Technologies v2
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Modelling and simulation
technologies
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We may use models because they are simplerthan reality and because they help us
understand a real life situation better
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What are models?
Representation of a physical object, an idea or
a process.
It is an abstract, mathematical representation
of a real-world object or situation.
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What will be the relationship between modelsand spreadsheets?
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Which aspects are considered relevant in amodel?
Give examples
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What is simulation
It is the implementation of a model
It is the application of a model to see how itperforms
It is used because sometimes it is not possibleto observe the real-life event: star explossion
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In asimulation, a model may behave indifferent ways
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Asimulation requires a model, a model doesnot require a simulation
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Simulation is a virtual experience
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Classification
Models
VisualizationGraphical
representationMaps and charts
Physical3D
representation ofreal-world objects
Used in windtunnels for
aerodynamic tests
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Virtual reality
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Virtual Reality
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Virtual reality
A technology that gives the user the
impression that they are fully immersed in a
computer-simulated environment
The user must wear a special input devices:
headset, joysticks or googles.
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Application areas
Medical training, to explorehuman body
Education
To walk through the construction and test its
design from both inside and outside, test thelightning conditions
Architecture
Complex mechanical parts can beexplores in 3D
Engineering
For flight simulation trainingTraining
Realistic computer gamesEntertainment
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Augmented reality
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Augmented reality
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Augmented reality
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Augmented reality
It is a technology that sumperimposes a
computer-generated image (CGI) over the
real-world image
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Wearable gestural interfaces
The computer
generates onto the real
world objects
The FU interacts with
the CGI and can get info
from it
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Augmented Reality Glasses
Allow light to pass to
the eye while at the
same time acting as
information screen
Devices that tallow to
see people, labels or
texts
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AR in Smartphones
AR programs that
contain an integrated
movement screen and
camera
Can help in navigation
to determine the
direction and distance
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AR in television sports
CGG sumperimposed in
fields to trace
movement
Help for jurors
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AR maps
Satellite images can be
augmented with extra
information from the
Internet and CGI ofbuildings and roads
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When are 2D and 3D used?
Maps, charts, graphs
Zoom in/out,
Move horizontally/vertically2D
PC screen is 2D. It cant display 3D.
Required specialized glasses with polarized
filters. Offer more info than 2D
Has more freedom. Another persective
Increase image realism
3D
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Importance of simulation
Large amount of data
Presented for humans
?
Graphic and images
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Importance of simulation
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When a model is valid?
It depends on the purpose or the perspective
Which elements are valid to simulate the
decoration of your room?
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When a model is valid?
It depends on the purpose or the perspective
Which elements are valid to simulate the
lightning of your room?
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When a model is valid?
Verification
It must be verified against
the real world
Check if the modelcorrespond to the reality
Simulation in scale model,
adjusted to computermodels
Reliability
Interaction is considered.
How the factors iteract
between them?
Assumptions: the consideredfactors were randomlyselected? Or accidentallyexcluded?
Starting parameters,otherwise it may workincomplete or not accurate
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When a model is valid?
Can we predict the weather in advanced (7
days)?
Factors change constantly every day:
Humidity, air pressure, temperature, winds.
Forecasters run simulation several timeschanging factors, according to results they
publish them
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Faulty and hidden assumptions
Relevant
It may create a big project
Too difficult to create
Improve the final result
The real world is complex, it is impossible toconsder all the factors
?
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Faulty and hidden assumptions
An engineer assumes the color of a metal
bridge is not relevant to the stability of the
structure.
He keeps out the color of the model.
Is that right?
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Faulty and hidden assumptions
Assumptions!
Assumptions!
Assumptions!
Unexpected results!
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Faulty and hidden assumptions
Problem: color can influence the temperature.
Darker colors absorb more light, causing the
metal to expand
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Faulty and hidden assumptions
If the engineer inputs wrong or incomplete
data: wind speed, water currents.
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Faulty and hidden assumptions
If the engineer inputs wrong or incomplete
data: wind speed, water currents.
CRASH!! CRASH!!
Faulty assumptions
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Problems of simplifying reality
A computer simulation may consume too
much computation time.
Be done carefully
Risky and chaotic behavior!
Some systems are difficult to predict
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Problems of simplifying reality