Modern Conflicts in Africa

Rwandan Genocide, Crisis in Darfur, Joseph Kony

Quick Discussion (Question from Monday)

•How has European rule in Africa affected the continent today?

Genocide (Quick Review)

•What is genocide?•Where have we seen

genocide/ethnic cleansing this year?

Modern Conflicts in Africa

1)Rwandan Genocide2)Crisis in Darfur3)Joseph Kony and Uganda

Rwandan Genocide

Who: Hutus target Tutsis

What: Genocide lasts 100 days

When: begins April 6, 1994

Rwandan Genocide

Why? Hutu & Tutsis share a common past

Long ago, a Tutsi was a person who owned cattle A Hutu was someone without a cowPrior to colonialism, these groups get along and intermarry

Germany colonizes in 1894 and lets Tutsis have positions of responsibility because of lighter skin

Why choose lighter skin? Post WWI - Germany loses colonies and is replaced by Belgium

Belgium makes Hutus and Tutsis wear identification cards and put Tutsis in responsibility positions

How does this make the Hutus feel?

Rwandan Genocide Timeline

• 1993• Aug.: Rwandan government (Hutu) and RPF

(Tutsi) sign cease-fire and Arusha Accords.• Oct. 5: UN authorizes peacekeepers to help

implement Arusha Accords• Nov.: 2500 UN troops deployed in Rwanda.

Rwandan Genocide Timeline

• 1994• Feb: Series of massacres/political assassinations occur in Kigali.

Hutus prepare death lists, and amass machetes.• April 6: Rwandan/Burundian Presidents assassinated in plane

crash, genocide begins• Apr 7: Hutu extremists set up roadblocks and go from house to

house killing Tutsis and moderate Hutu politicians. • Apr 21: UN withdraws all troops from Rwanda.• Mid-May: Red Cross estimates 500,000 Rwandans are dead.• Mid-July: RPF (Tutsi) capture Kigali and the genocide is over. An

estimated 800,000 Rwandans are dead.

Rwandan Genocide

Rwandan Genocide

Rwandan Genocide

Crisis In Darfur

Who: Black Africans vs. Arab Africans

What: Attempted genocide against non-Arabs in Darfur region

When: Begins February 26, 2003

Crisis In Darfur

• Basic Conflict:• Sudanese Liberation Army vs. Janjaweed• NOT about religion• What could it be about? Think about Africa’s climate

• Sudanese Liberation Army:• Black African rebels fighting the Arab backed Sudanese

government and the Janjaweed• Janjaweed:

• Arab militiamen backed by the Arab government who set out to destroy Black African villages in Darfur

Crisis In Darfur

• International Response• The African Union has had a difficult time suppressing the violence

and helping in Darfur• The United Nations cannot get support from the Sudanese

government or from China (permanent member of Security Council)• Results

• Over 2.8 million displaced from their homes (refugees)• Refugee: people who flee their homes due to violence and civil war in

their country• Numbers vary but between 200,000 and 480,000 killed• What besides the fighting has caused large scale death?

Crisis In Darfur

Joseph Kony and Uganda

• Who: Government of Uganda (GOU) and Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA)• What: Armed civil conflict

and war crimes• When: Started in 1987, still

ongoing

Joseph Kony and Uganda

• History• Had been civil unrest in Northern Uganda for years• LRA was led by Joseph Kony who had no real agenda• Wanted to establish a government based on the Ten

Commandments• Really, he wanted to terrorize the people of central Africa

• Humanitarian Crisis• Considered by UN to be among worst in nation• Joseph Kony and his advisors are charged in the International

Criminal Court• Charged with murder, rape, using child soldiers, abduction, etc.

Joseph Kony and Uganda

• LRA Today• Exist in Central African Republic,

evading capture• Still wanted by ICC for crimes• Last remaining anti-Ugandan

organization• Result

• 66,000 children abducted• Over 2 million people displaced• Over 100,00 dead

• How does this make you feel?

Joseph Kony and Uganda

Joseph Kony and Uganda

Ticket out of Class/Essential Question

What kinds of problems have these regional and ethnic conflicts

caused in Africa?

Homework

• Your task is to find a primary source about one of these conflicts• Using the internet you will find a firsthand account from

someone who was there when these conflicts took place• You will then write a half page response about the primary

source• What was the person saying? Why do you believe it? How does it

make you feel? • Use your thinking like a historian sheet to guide you

• Bring it with you to class on Friday