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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein SynthesisWhat is protein synthesis?
When does it occur in a cell?
Why does it occur?
Which organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2lshttps://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein Synthesis (cont.)How does protein synthesis occur?
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein Synthesis (cont.)Transcription
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein Synthesis (cont.)Translation
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
RNA Ribonucleic Acid• What is it?• What kinds of RNA are there and what do they do? • What does it look like?
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Universal Genetic Code
Each codon (three nucleotide bases) code for a single amino acid. The chart below shows the mRNA Codons and the amino acids they code for.
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
What is the amino acid sequence for the following gene ? (DNA sequence)
DNA Sequence: AGC TTA TCC AGG CTC
mRNA codons:
tRNA anticodons:
amino acid sequence:
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
What causes certain disorders such as sickle cell anemia or hemophilia?
MUTATIONS
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/18dnadamage.html
How do mutations occur?
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/17sicklecell.html
• Mutations can occur naturally during DNA replication (slow process: it takes many (thousands of generations) for the naturally occurring mutations to develop and spread.
• Mutagens......(oh so scary)
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Types of Gene MutationsPoint Mutation ATT GCG TAA TGT GCC
ATT GCG CAA TGT GCC
original code
mutation
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Chromosomal Mutations
Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Mutations in specific genes cause specific genetic disorders. The mutated gene is inherited from the parent(s).
• Sickle Cell Anemia• Cystic Fibrosis• TaySachs Disease• Huntington’s Disease• PKU (Phenylketonuria)
Some Human Genetic Disorders
