Module 1 Section 1 No GPSTC logos 2-23-1620987076ce5e514fd58f-e4e282362ea2e528ee27d22e61a5676a.r54.cf5... · Terrorism+–+Module+1+ ... (the'Muslim'Devine'Law).'' • Non)prac$cing'Muslims

Understanding+Islamist+Terrorism+–+Module+1+Sec$on'1')'Introduc$on'to'Islamist'Terrorism'

TERMINAL'PERFORMANCE'OBJECTIVE'

Given'a'career'in'public'safety,'students'will'

apply'knowledge'of'the'basic'fundamentals'for'

understanding''Islamic'customs,'prac$ces'and'

theology'in'accordance'with'the'Understanding'

Islamist'Terrorism)Module'1,'program'of'

instruc$on.'

ENABLING'OBJECTIVES'

1.  Define'Islam'

2.  Describe'the'basic'concepts'of'the'Islamic'

faith'and'theology'

3.  Discuss'the'history'of'Radical'Islam'

4.  Explain'the'5'pillars'of'Islam'

5.  Explain'the'history'of'the'Islamic'Caliphate'

SUN'TZU'

•  “If'you'know'the'enemy'and'know'yourself,'you'need'not'fear'the'results'of'a'hundred'baXles.'If'you'know'yourself'but'not'the'enemy,'for'every'victory'you'will'also'suffer'a'defeat.'If'you'know'neither'yourself'nor'the'enemy,'you'are'a'fool'and'will'meet'defeat'in'every'baXle.”'

' ' ' ' ' 'Sun'Tzu,'500'BC'

' ' ' ' ' 'The'Art'of'War'

DEFINITIONS'

•  Defini$ons'–  Islam.'A'religion.'Similar'word'–'Chris$anity.'

– Muslim.'A'person'who'has'adopted'Islam'as'their'religion.'

Similar'word'–'Chris$an.'

'The'proper'annuncia$on'is'Muslim,'not'Muzlim.'

–  Islamist.''A'supporter'or'advocate'of'Islamic'

fundamentalism.'

ISLAM'

•  Similar'to'Chris$anity,'Islam'has'many'sects'and'the'theology'

varies'from'sect'to'sect'similar'to'the'varia$on'found'in'

Chris$an'sects.'

•  The'two'largest'Islamic'sects'are'Sunni'and'Shi’a'and'will'be'

discussed'later'in'detail.'

•  With'both'Sunnis'and'Shi’ites,'there'are'sub'sects'similar'to'

the'Chris$an'Catholic'sub)sects.''

•  Understanding'a'Muslim’s'sect'and'sub)sect'is'very'important'

to'law'enforcement'and'will'be'discussed'later.'

'

MUSLIMS'

•  Muslims'vary'from'very'devout'to'non)prac$cing.'This'is'no'different'than'Chris$ans'who'are'very'devout'or'non)prac$cing.''

•  Devout'Muslims'live'their'life'according'to'the'teachings'of'Islam'and'Shariah'Law'(the'Muslim'Devine'Law).''

•  Non)prac$cing'Muslims'live'a'very'secular'life'where'Islam'

does'not'impact'their'lives'at'all.'•  It'is'very'important'to'note'and'stress'the'fact'that'not'all'

Muslims'engage'in'terrorist'ac$vi$es.''

•  It'is'very'important'to'note'and'stress'that'religious)based'profiling'is'against'the'law.''

UNDERSTANDING'ISLAM'

'In'this'module,'we'will'focus'on'the'basic'principles'and'

prac$ces'of'the'Islamic'faith.''This'informa$on'will'serve'as'a'

backdrop'to'our'discussion'of'the'mul$faceted'Jihadist'threat'

in'the'next'modules.'''

ISLAM'

'Islam'is'a'complex'religion'to'understand.'The'theology'is'

more'complicated'when'compared'to'Judaism,'Chris$anity,'

Hinduism'or'Buddhism.'There'are'an'es$mated'one'and'a'half'

billion'Muslims'globally'and'Islam'is'widely'considered'to'be'

the'fastest'growing'religion'in'the'world.'The'majority'of'the'

Muslim'popula$on'is'found'from'Morocco'to'Indonesia.'

WHEN'DID'THE'WAR'START?'

•  The'war'with'radical'Islam'did'not'start'in'1993'


•  The'war'with'radical'Islam'did'not'start'on'9/11'


•  The'war'with'radical'Islam'started'shortly'ager'

our'na$on'was'established'in'the'late'1700s.'

•  In'1784,'The'Berber'Muslims'captured'the'first'

of'many'American'merchant'ships'and'

enslaved/ransomed'their'crews.'

•  The'Muslim'rulers'of'the'Berber'na$ons'

generated'enormous'wealth'and'naval'power'

by'seizing'foreign'ships.''

THE'BERBER'STATES'

AMERICA’S'HISTORY'WITH'ISLAM'

•  In'March'1785,'Thomas'Jefferson'and'John'Adams'were'sent'to'London'to'nego$ate'with'Tripoli's'envoy,'Ambassador'Sidi'Haji'Abdrahaman'Adja.'Upon'inquiring'"concerning'the'ground'of'the'pretensions'to'make'war'upon'na$ons'who'had'done'them'no'injury",'the'ambassador'replied:'

'It'was'wriXen'in'our'Koran,'that'all'na$ons'which'had'not'acknowledged'the'Prophet'were'sinners,'whom'it'was'the'right'and'duty'of'the'faithful'to'plunder'and'enslave;'and'that'every'mussulman'who'was'slain'in'this'warfare'was'sure'to'go'to'paradise.'He'said,'also,'that'the'man'who'was'the'first'to'board'a'vessel'had'one'slave'over'and'above'his'share,'and'that'when'they'sprang'to'the'deck'of'an'enemy's'ship,'every'sailor'held'a'dagger'in'each'hand'and'a'third'in'his'mouth;'which'usually'struck'such'terror'into'the'foe'that'they'cried'out'for'quarter'at'once.''


•  "Several'Muslim'countries'along'the'North'African'coast'had'established'the'tradi$on'of'plundering'the'ships'of'European'and'American'merchants'in'the'western'Mediterranean'and'eastern'Atlan$c,'capturing'the'crews'and'then'demanding'ransom'from'the'respec$ve'governments'for'their'release.'In'a'joint'message'to'their'superiors'in'Congress,'Adams'and'Jefferson'described'the'audacity'of'these'terrorist'aXacks,'pirates'leaping'onto'defenseless'ships'with'daggers'clenched'in'their'teeth.'They'had'asked'the'ambassador'from'Tripoli,'Adams'and'Jefferson'explained,'on'what'grounds'these'outrageous'acts'of'unbridled'savagery'could'be'jus$fied:'"The'Ambassador'answered'us'that'it'was'founded'on'the'laws'of'the'prophet,'that'it'was'wriXen'in'their'koran,'that'all'na$ons'who'should'not'have'acknowledged'their'[islams]'authority'were'sinners,'that'it'was'their'right'and'duty'to'make'war'upon'them'wherever'they'could'be'found,'and'to'make'slaves'of'all'they'could'take'as'prisoners....“'

''

Source:'AMERICAN'SPHINX'The'Character'of'Thomas'Jefferson'by'Joseph'J.'Ellis'


•  Abdrahaman'was'paraphrasing'the'Qur’an’s'“rules'of'engagement”'found'in'Chapter'47'Verse'4:'

'“Whenever'you'encounter'the'ones'who'disbelieve'[during'war$me],'seize'them'by'their'necks'un$l'once'you'have'subdued'them,'then'$e'them'up'as'prisoners,'either'in'order'to'release'them'later'on,'or'also'to'ask'for'ransom,'un$l'war'lays'down'her'burdens.”''

'

•  Unless'a'na$on'submits'to'an'Islamic'na$on,'whether'it'was'the'aggressor'or'not,'that'na$on'was'by'defini$on'at'war'with'Islam'''


•  In'1795,'Algeria'came'to'an'agreement'with'the'U.S.'that'resulted'in'the'release'of'115'American'sailors'they'held,'at'the'cost'of'over'$1'million.'This'amount'totaled'about'1⁄6'of'the'en$re'U.S.'budget,'and'was'demanded'as'tribute'by'the'Barbary'States'to'prevent'further'piracy.'The'con$nuing'demand'for'tribute'ul$mately'led'to'the'forma$on'of'the'United'States'

Department'of'the'Navy,'founded'in'1798'in'order'to'prevent'further'piracy'aXacks'upon'American'shipping'as'well'as'to'end'the'extremely'large'demand'for'tribute'from'the'Barbary'States.'


'The'U.S.'Government'con$nued'to'pay'up'to'$1'million'per'

year'over'the'next'15'years'for'the'safe'passage'of'American'

ships'or'the'return'of'American'hostages.''

'A'$1'million'payment'in'ransom'and'tribute'to'the'Berber'

states'represented'approximately'10%'of'the'U.S.'

government's'annual'revenues'in'1800.'

THE'FIRST'BARBARY'WAR'

•  The'First&Barbary&War'(1801–1805),'was'the'first'of'two'wars'fought'between'the'United'States'and'the'Northwest'African'

Berber'Muslim'states'known'collec$vely'as'the'“Barbary'

States”.'These'were'Tripoli'and'Algiers,'which'were'quasi)

independent'en$$es'nominally'belonging'to'the'OXoman'

Empire,'and'the'independent'Sultanate'of'Morocco.'

THE'FIRST'BARBARY'WAR'

'The'First'Barbary'War'was'beneficial'to'the'military'

reputa$on'of'America's'military'command'and'war'

mechanism,'which'had'been'up'to'that'$me'rela$vely'

untested.'The'First'Barbary'War'showed'that'America'could'

execute'a'war'far'from'home,'and'that'American'forces'had'

the'cohesion'to'fight'together'as'Americans'rather'than'

separately'as'Georgians'or'New'Yorkers.'The'United'States'

Navy'and'Marines'became'a'permanent'part'of'the'American'

government'and'American'history.'

THE'BARBARY'WARS'

'However,'the'more'immediate'problem'of'Barbary'piracy'was'

not'fully'seXled.'By'1807,'Algiers'had'gone'back'to'taking'

American'ships'and'seamen'hostage.''

'Distracted'by'the'preludes'to'the'War'of'1812,'the'U.S.'was'

unable'to'respond'to'the'provoca$on'un$l'1815,'with'the'

Second'Barbary'War,'in'which'U.S.'naval'victories'led'to'

trea$es'ending'all'tribute'payments'by'the'U.S.'

RADICAL'ISLAM'

'While'radical'Islam'is'at'war'with'all'non)Muslim'na$ons,'it'is'

the'United'States'military'might'that'is'stopping'radical'Islam'

from'expansion'and'thus,'the'United'States'is'referred'to'as'

“Great'Satan”.'

'Israel'is'referred'to'as'“LiXle'Satan”''

'Today,'there'is'Jihad'at'every'boundary'where'Muslims'

interact'with'non)Muslims.'

'Examples'are:''Chechnya'in'Southern'Russia.'

'Nigeria,'Ethiopia,'Sudan'in'Africa.'Indonesia'and'India'in'Asia.'

'

MUHAMMAD'AD'570')'632'

'As'a'child,'Muhammad,'is'born'in'a'merchant'family'in'Mecca.'His'clan'is'prosperous'and'influen$al,'but'his'father'dies'before'he'is'born'and'his'mother'dies'when'he'is'six'years'old.'His'grandfather,'who'took'care'of'him'ager'his'mother’s'death,'died'when'Muhammad'was'nine.''Agerwards,'Muhammad'was'raised'by'his'uncle'Abu$Talib.'

''Entrusted'to'a'Bedouin'nurse,'Muhammad'spends'much'of'his'childhood'among'nomads,'accompanying'the'caravans'on'Arabia's'main'trade'route'through'Mecca.''''''

'


'A'widow,'Khadija,'considerably'older'than'Muhammad,'has'

sufficient'faith'in'him'to'entrust'him'with'her'business'affairs;'

and'when'he'is'25'years'old,'they'marry.'Khadija'was'about'

40.'For'the'next'figeen'years'or'so'he'lives'the'life'of'a'

prosperous'merchant.''

'LiXle'is'known'about'Muhammad’s'life'prior'to'his'

Prophethood'at'the'age'forty.''Due'to'his'honest'character'he'

acquired'the'nickname'“Al)Amin”,'meaning'faithful'or'

trustworthy.''He'was'known'to'be'an'impar$al'arbitrator'

seXling'disputes'amongst'merchants'at'the'$me.'''

'


'From'$me'to'$me'he'withdraws'into'the'mountains'to'meditate'and'pray.'In'about'the'year'610'he'has'a'vision'which'changes'his'life;'and'changes'world'history.'''It'is'on'Mount'Hira,'according'to'tradi$on,'that'the'archangel'Gabriel'appears'to'Muhammad.'He'describes'later'how'he'seemed'to'be'grasped'by'the'throat'by'a'luminous'being,'who'commanded'him'to'repeat'the'words'of'God.''


'Muslims'believe'that'Prophet'Muhammad'was'the'final'

Messenger'of'Allah'to'humanity,'and'therefore'the'Qur’an'is'

the'last'Message'which'Allah'has'sent'to'mankind.''Muslims'

thus'refer'to'Muhammad'as'“The'seal'of'Prophets”.''Muslims'

believe'that'the'Qur’an'supersedes'its'predecessors'such'as'

the'Torah,'Psalms'and'Gospels.'''


'From'about'613'Muhammad'preaches'in'Mecca'the'message'which'he'has'received.'''''Muhammad's'message'is'essen$ally'the'existence'of'one'God,'all)powerful'but'also'merciful,'and'he'freely'acknowledges'that'other'prophets')'in'par$cular'Abraham,'Moses'and'Jesus')'have'preached'the'same'truth'in'the'past.'''''


' 'The'uncompromising'monotheism'of'Islam'threatened'the'

considerable'revenue'which'came'to'Mecca'from'the'Bedouin'

tribes’'religious'beliefs'and'prac$ces'of'making'pilgrimages'to'

the'360'shrines'in'the'city.''Islam’s'monotheis$c'teaching'

spoke'directly'against'the'Mecca’s'polytheism.''Over'the'next'

12'years,'from'610'AD'to'622'AD,'Muhammad'and'the'early'

Muslim'community'experienced'increasing'persecu$on.'In'

622'there'is'a'plot'to'assassinate'him.'He'escapes'Mecca'to'

the'town'of'Yathrib,'about'200'miles'to'the'north.'

'

'


'Yathrib'is'renamed'“Madinat'al'Nabi”,'the'“city'of'the'

prophet”,'and'thus'becomes'known'as'Medina.''In'Medina,'

Muhammad'steadily'acquires'a'stronger'following.'He'is'now'

essen$ally'a'religious,'poli$cal'and'military'leader'rather'than'

a'merchant.''

MUHAMMAD''AD'570')'632'

•  Muhammad'con$nues'to'preach'Islam'and'recite'the'words'

which'God'reveals'to'him.''

•  Tribal'rival'rela$onships'enable'Muhammad'to''convert'large'

popula$ons'to'Islam'

•  The'tribes'of'Mecca'and'the'tribes'of'Medina'were'rivals.'

•  Tribes'of'Medina'supported'Muhammad'since'they'had'a'

common'enemy'–'the'tribes'of'Mecca.'

•  As'the'size'of'the'Muslim'community'grows,'so'does'

Muhammad’s'status'as'a'religious,'poli$cal'and'military'

leader.'


'Devout'Muslims'consider'Muhammad'to'be'the'most'

exemplary'human'being'that'ever'lived.''It'should'be'noted'

however'that'this'admira$on'for'Muhammad'in'no'way'

implies'that'he'holds'a'divine'or'semi)divine'status.''Any'

aXribu$on'of'divine'status'to'Muhammad'is'considered'an'

act'of'Shirk'(blasphemy)'because'in'Islam,'God,'alone,'is'

divine'and'has'no'partners'or'companions.''Nevertheless,'the'

fact'that'God'chose'Muhammad'to'be'his'messenger'and'

servant'clearly'suggests'that'Muhammad'was'a'very'unique'

individual'worthy'of'the'tremendous'honor'and'responsibility'

of'conveying'God’s'final'revela$ons'to'humanity.'''


'Consequently,'devout'Muslims'view'Muhammad'as'a'be'

emulated'and'Muhammad’s'sayings'and'pronouncements'

(known'as'Hadith)'as'well'as'stories'about'his'ac$ons'on'a'

wide'range'of'maXers'have'been'collected'in'several'volumes'

known'as'the'Hadith.''In'addi$on,'other'biographical'stories'

about'Muhammad’s'life,'behavior'and'ac$ons'(known'as'the'

“Sunnah”)'have'been'collected'and,'along'with'the'Hadith'

and'the'Qur’an,'form'the'basis'for'the'Islamic'Law'which'is'

referred'to'as'Shariah'Law.'


'Muslims'believe'that'Muhammad'was'a'perfect'man'and'that'

he'did'not'commit'any'errors'or'mistakes.''They'strive'to'live'

their'life'emula$ng'Muhammad.'

'This'belief'system'is'important'to'remember'and'understand'

since'it'is'a'central'component'of'understanding'radicalism'in'

Islam.'


'Devout'Muslims'consider'the'Quran'to'be'the'untainted'word'

of'God'comprising'the'full,'final'and'complete'revela$on'of'

divine'will'to'humanity.''Muhammad'is'thus'viewed'as'the'

“Seal'of'the'Prophets,”'the'last'in'a'great'line'of'prophets'

beginning'with'Adam,'Noah'(Noh)'and'Abraham'(Ibrahim)'and'

including'Moses'(Musah),'David'(Daud)'and'Jesus'(Issa).'''

'

''


''''Unlike'Chris$anity,'Islam'began'as'an'all)encompassing'

religion'in'which'Muhammad'played'the'role'of'prophet,'

general,'legislator,'judge'and'poli$cal'leader'of'the'Islamic'

community.'The'concept'of'separa$on'of'state'and'religion'

does'not'exist'in'Islam.''

' ''

'Islam'and'Shariah'Law'are'more'than'a'religion'since'they'

establish'the'founda$on'for'poli$cal,'social,'military'and'

economic'aspects'of'Muslim'socie$es.''

JESUS'IN'ISLAM'

'Muslims'revere'Jesus'as'a'prophet'“beloved'of'God”'and'

consider'him'to'be'the'Messiah,'and'they'even'go'so'far'as'to'

accept'the'Chris$an'doctrine'of'“immaculate'concep$on.”''

However,'they'do'not'ascribe'any'sort'of'divine'status'to'

Jesus'and'they'do'not'believe'that'he'was'crucified'and'

resurrected.''In'the'Muslim'view,'he'is'neither'the'son'of'God'

nor'one'of'three'manifesta$ons'of'God.''To'a'devout'Muslim,'

such'concepts'border'on'polytheism.'

THE'QUR’AN'

'Islam'is'therefore'viewed'by'devout'Muslims'as'the'most'

complete'and'whole'version'of'God’s'intended'religion'for'

mankind.''It'represents'the'final'and'complete'revela$ons'and'

word'of'God'and'thus'supersedes'the'other'“revealed”'

religions,'Judaism'and'Chris$anity.''Devout'Muslims'do'not'

consider'the'Qur’an'to'be'the'successor'to'the'Old'and'New'

Testaments'(in'the'way'that'Chris$ans'revere'the'Old'

Testament'while'viewing'the'New'Testament'to'be'its'

con$nua$on).'''

THE'QUR’AN'

'Rather,'to'devout'Muslims,'all'that'reflects'divine'revela$on'

in'the'Torah'and'the'Gospels'has'been'incorporated'into'the'

Qur’an'and'that'which'has'not'been'incorporated'into'the'

Qur’an'does'not'represent'God’s'word'and'is'therefore'

extraneous.'

''

'Other'spellings'of'the'Qur’an'are'Koran'and'Kuran.'


'Muhammad'did'not'appoint'a'successor'before'he'died'in'632'

AD.'He'was'the'ruler'of'the'en$re'Arabian'Peninsula'which'he'

subjugated'to'Islam'via'conquests'or'by'surrender.'He'was'a'

very'powerful'and'wealthy'man'and'therefore,'his'successor'

will'inherit'the'posi$ons'that'Muhammad'held.'Ager'his'

death,'both'Abu'Bakr'and'his'cousin,'Ali,'claimed'the'right'to'

become'Muhammad’s'successor'which'is'a'posi$on'referred'

to'as'Caliph'in'Islam.''


'The'Prophet'had'asked'his'father)in)law,'Abu'Bakr,'the'father'of'his'youngest'and'favorite'wife,'Aisha,'to'act'as'imam'

(prayer'leader)'during'his'illness.'''This'seemed'to'imply'that'

he'viewed'Abu'Bakr'as'his'natural'successor.''At'the'same'

$me,'he'asked'his'cousin'Ali'bin'Abi'Talib'(a'fellow'member'of'

the'Banu'Hashim'–'Hashemites'–'a'clan'within'the'larger'

Quraish'tribe'who'was'also'his'son)in)law,'being'married'to'

Muhammad’s'favorite'daughter,'Fa$ma)'to'wash'his'body'

before'burial,'an'act'of'supreme'honor'which'also'suggested'

that'Muhammad'viewed'Ali'as'his'legi$mate'successor.'


'A'council'of'elders'in'Medina'met'to'choose'a'successor'and'

Abu'Bakr'was'able'to'make'a'convincing'case'for'his'

candidacy.''Accordingly,'Abu'Bakr'was'chosen'Caliph.'''

End'of'Module'1'Sec$on'1'

Please'return'to'the'Classroom'and'con$nue'

with'Module'1'Sec$on'2.'

Documents

Module 1 Section 1 No GPSTC logos 2-23-1620987076ce5e514fd58f-e4e282362ea2e528ee27d22e61a5676a.r54.cf5... · Terrorism+–+Module+1+ ... (the'Muslim'Devine'Law).'' • Non)prac$cing'Muslims