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Alcohol Abuse

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IntroductionThis module tackles the

following topics:

A brief history andbackground of alcohol

A description of alcoholism

The reasons that people drink

The short and long termeffects brought about byalcohol abuse

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Brief History Alcohol as a beverage has been around

in one shape or form for at least 12,000years

The first beer mugs are dated back to10,000 BC

The first major civilization known tomake alcoholic drinks is Shanghai,

China (5,000 BC) The practice of distillation, which

produced drinks with higher alcoholiccontents, was developed by thePersians around the 8th century AD

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Brief History From the cheapest beer to themost expensive wine or afterdinner liqueur, all are made by

adding yeast to a substance thatcontains sugar

The yeast starts the formationprocess, which turns sugar into

ethyl and carbon dioxide gas In the Philippines, the most

common forms of alcohol arebeer, gin, rum and lambanog.

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What is Alcoholism?It is a chronic and potentially fatal disease in which aperson is addicted to alcohol

It is characterized by three or more of the followingoccurring in a one-year period:

Tolerance: increasing amounts of alcohol needed to get

the same effect. Withdrawal symptoms, such as shakiness, sweating,

nausea, anxiety and depression

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What is Alcoholism? Drinking larger amounts and for longer than you

intended.

Inability to cut down or quit drinking

Spending a lot of time getting and drinking alcohol orrecovering from its effects

Reducing or giving up important work or leisureactivities

Continued use despite the physical or emotionalproblems it causes to the drinker or other people

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What is Alcohol Abuse?Alcohol abuse is defined as a pattern of drinking that isaccompanied by one or more of the following situationswithin a 12-month period:

Failure to fulfil major work, school, or homeresponsibilities

Drinking in situations that are physically dangerous,such as while driving a car or operating machinery

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What is Alcohol Abuse? Recurring alcohol-related legal problems, such as

being arrested for driving under the influence ofalcohol or for physically hurting someone while drunk

Continued drinking despite having ongoingrelationship problems that are caused or worsened by

the effects of alcohol

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Why Do People Drink? Escaping Pressures, Problems, orRelieving Stress

Changing a Bad Self-Concept

Forgetting Loneliness Boosting Self-Confidence

Masking Unsatisfactory PersonalRelationships

To Feel More Adult As An Act of Rebellion

For Experimentation

Peer Pressure

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Immediate Effects Flushing of the skin

Increased heart rate

Overexcitement orGiddiness

Impaired judgment

Decrease in motor skills

Slurred speech

Blurry vision

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Immediate Effects Loss of balance

Double vision

Clammy or cold skin Dilated pupils

Unconsciousness

In extreme cases, deathdue to alcohol poisoning

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Long Term EffectsHeart Problems:

Cardiomyopathy,

commonly known as"holiday heart syndrome,or abnormal heart rhythm

Hypertension

Stroke

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Long Term Effects

Liver Disease

Chronic alcohol abuse can

cause fatty liver, cirrhosis andalcoholic hepatitis

Alcohol is a leading cause ofliver cancer in the western

world accounting for 32-45%of hepatic cancers

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Long Term EffectsPancreatitis

Chronic excessive intake of alcohol can cause

destruction of the pancreas resulting in severe chronicpain, which may progress to pancreatic cancer

Diabetes

Binge drinking and high alcohol consumption mayincrease the risk of Type 2 diabetes in women

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Long Term EffectsChronic alcohol abuse canlead to the cancer in thefollowing parts of the

body: Pancreas

Larynx

Pharynx Esophagus

Liver

Breast

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Long Term Effects

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Fetal alcohol syndrome or FAS is a disorder ofpermanent birth defects that occurs in the offspringof women who drink alcohol during pregnancy

Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading known cause ofmental retardation in the Western world

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Long Term EffectsSexual dysfunction

Long term use of alcohol

can lead to damage to thecentral nervous system andthe peripheral nervoussystem resulting in loss ofsexual desire andimpotence in men.