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Molecules of Life
Carbon Compounds
The Versatile Carbon Atom
Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell
Can form a bond with four other molecules
Molecular Structure
What is a polymer? Monomer?
How are they assembled?
Monosaccharaides are single-unit sugars
These molecules typically have a formula that is a multiple of CH2O
Each molecule contains hydroxyl groups and a carbonyl group
Monosaccharaides are the fuels for cellular work
Carbohydrates
Figure 3.4A
Isomers
Glucose and fructose are isomers They contain the
same atoms but in different arrangements
The ‘Ring’ form
Polysaccharides
LipidsNot true polymers
Hydrocarbons that are non-polar
Triglycerides are our bodies main energy reserve
Phospholipid
Lipids
Steroids like cholesterol make up parts of cell membranes
Steroid hormones
Form & Function
ProteinsUsed for structural components (cartilage)and functional (enzymes)
Amino acids: carboxyl, amine and R-group
Primary Structure
of a Protein
How Are Proteins Made?
Nucleic AcidsGenetic material Link between gene &
proteins
Energy carriers and chemical messengersNucleotides: sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous baseATP
The Four Bases
DNA & Protein: Uses
in Systematics