MONEY ETHIC & SOME DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Partial correlations with other variables.

Fernando Arias-Galicia, México.

SOME CHARACTERISTICS:

Mexico is the only underdeveloped country sharing a 3,200 kilometer border with a developed one.

Is a partner of the North America Free Trade Agreement (USA and Canada also.)

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY

Precolumbian peoples used cacao nuts as a means of interchange.

The scientific name for cacao is TEOBROMA CACAO: Gods’ food.

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY:The Mayans used a

positional notation in mathematics and the zero centuries before Europeans.

Precolumbian calendars were more precise than the one used in Europe. The latter was adjusted until the middle of the XVI century.

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY

The Spaniards conquered Mexico (three formidable weapons: guns, horses and diseases unknown for the indigenous peoples).

They ruled the country for three centuries.

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY:

Spaniards exploited mines of silver and gold.

But Spanish ships were attacked by pirates (English, Dutch and other nationalities)

Large amounts of money were poured into Europe.

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY:

During the XIX century, there was a lot of unrest that impeded economy to flourish. Besides, Mexico was invaded two times:

The United States declared war in 1847. As a result California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas were taken away.

France, in 1862. President Juárez throw away the invaders in 1867.

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY:

Porfirio Díaz ruled the country for 33 years. Railroads , telegraph and other economic factors were buoyant. But people remained poor.

In 1910 began a Revolution ( the first peasant and workers one in the XX Century). It lasted 18 years. Economy suffered.

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY:

For 71 years the PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) was in power. Although the President changed every 6 years, the same “Revolutionary family” stayed. They were interested in retaining power not so much in the advancement of people. This lead to scandalous corruption, and worst: to reinforcement of learned-helplessness.

A LITLLE BIT OF HISTORY: In 2000, people were tired

of the PRI and voted for a change. Now another party is in office.

Mexico has about 100 million inhabitants. About 60% are poor.

Government has been successful in fighting inflation

Annual income per capita is about $5,750 US. Dollars.

METHOD:

Total sample of 535 respondents.

Divided at random in two subsamples: Analysis and confirmation.

1). Factor analysis of 58 questions (Varimax).

2). Reliability (alpha).

RESULTS:

14 factors: 1. Good (81)2. Evil (74)3. Make money (68)4. Charitable money

(74)5. Equity (75)6. Success (89)7. Power (37) 8. Respect (84)

FACTORS:

9. Happiness (76)10. Rich (84)11. Motivator (86)12. Money instead of Work

Achievement (86)13. Love for work (75)14. Budget + Save (84)

“Expression” did not appeared

ANOVAS: (dependents: MES)

(Independents)Demographic

variables:GenderMarital statusSector Job level Age (5 categories:

10 years each).

RESULTS: Gender: Budget + save: Females Happiness : Males Rich : Males Love for work : Males

Job Level: Evil : Executives

Sector Make money : Self-employed Motivator : Self-employed +

Private Charitable money: Private

Marital status: Charitable money: Married

RESULTS (Partial corr. Control variables: sex, age, education, marital status, job level & income)

Make money: N-Ach., N-Power, Intrinsic & Extrinsic.

Equity: Self-esteem, N-Ach., N-Power.

Success: N-Power, Extrinsic & Stress.

Respect: Self-esteem, N-Ach. & Intrinsic (all three negative) & Stress (positive)

RESULTS (partial correlations):

Happiness: Intrinsic (negative) & Stress

Money instead of work achievement: Self-esteem, N-Ach., Pay Satisfaction, Pay Equity, Intrinsic, Commitment (negative)

FORTHCOMING:

Structural Equation modelling :

Pay Satisfaction, Intrinsic & Extrinsic, Money Ethic , Commitment & Withdrawal cognitions.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!