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Monitoring of the Global Surface Climate. Ayako Takeuchi Climate Prediction Division, JMA. Outline. 1. Introduction 2. Data Source 3. Monthly Products 4. Weekly Products. INTRODUCTION. Prediction. Monitoring. Surface Climate. Climate System. Products of CPD/JMA. Climate Information. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Monitoring ofthe Global Surface Climate
Ayako Takeuchi Climate Prediction Division, JMA
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Data Source
3. Monthly Products
4. Weekly Products
INTRODUCTION
Products of CPD/JMA
ImpactsImpacts
DisastersDisasters
Climate InformationClimate InformationClimate InformationClimate Information
MonitoringMonitoringMonitoringMonitoringPredictionPredictionPredictionPrediction
Surface Surface ClimateClimateSurface Surface ClimateClimate
Climate Climate SystemSystemClimate Climate SystemSystem
Needs for Global Climate Information
Climate Change
• Increase of climate extremes
Globalization of socio-economical activities
• Foods security
• International disaster relief
Contents of CPD Global Climate Information
MONTHLY PROCUCTS Figures ・ Temperature anomaly ・ Normalized temperature anomaly ・ Precipitation ratio ・ Precipitation quintile ・ Extreme climate Comments (Highlight, Extreme climate) Data Lists
WEEKLY PRODUCTS Figures ・ Extreme climate and weather disaster ・ Reference data (Temperature and its anomaly Precipitation and its ratio Atmospheric circulation and convection) Comment ・ Name of extreme climate and area ・ Damage from disaster
DATA SOURCE
Process of making Global Climate Information
Database of weather disastersDatabase of weather disasters
・ Collection and quality check of meteorological data
・ Identification of extreme climate events
・ Analysis of the relations with general circulation
・ Weather disaster information
・ Collection and quality check of meteorological data
・ Identification of extreme climate events
・ Analysis of the relations with general circulation
・ Weather disaster information
Objective Analysis Data of Meteorological Satellites
Objective Analysis Data of Meteorological Satellites
CLIMAT messages (1500)
SYNOP messages (4000-5000)
CLIMAT messages (1500)
SYNOP messages (4000-5000)
Reports( temperature, precipitation, extreme
climate events )
Reports( temperature, precipitation, extreme
climate events )Monthly
TCC Home Page
Weekly
CLIMAT and SYNOP messages are exchanged via the GTS
CLIMAT and SYNOP Main Source of Products
CLIMAT messagesreporting monthly value
(Surface Pressure,Temperature,
Precipitation, etc.)
CLIMAT messagesreporting monthly value
(Surface Pressure,Temperature,
Precipitation, etc.)
SYNOP messagesreporting present value
4 times a day
SYNOP messagesreporting present value
4 times a day
MONTHLY PRODUCTS
Quality Check of CLIMAT Temperature
JMA’s Definition of Extreme ClimateThe Criteria for Monthly Data
EXTREME CLIMATEThe phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years
EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE
Temperature : the normalized anomaly 2≧ the normalized anomaly -2≦
the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation
Precipitation : Quintile = 6 or 0Quintile 6 : the precipitation is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000 0 : the precipitation is less than any value in 1971 - 2000
Climatological normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data.
TCC Homepage (URL) for Meteorological Services
http://cpd2.kishou.go.jp/tcc/
Where can you get CPD Global Climate Information?
Monthly Climate Information
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly (normalized) Category
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Monthly Precipitation Category
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Monthly Precipitation Ratio Category
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Monthly Precipitation Quintle
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Distribution of Extreme Monthly Climate
Monthly Extreme Climate (October 2003)1. Heavy precipitation in central Siberia2. Heavy precipitation in northern China 3. Heavy precipitation in Southeast Asia 4. Heavy precipitation from southwestern Russia to northwestern Africa 5. Low temperature in central Europe 6. High temperature in western Africa 7. High temperature in southeastern Africa 8. High temperature and heavy precipitation from Greenland to northeastern Canada 9. High temperature from middle-western to western USA 10. Heavy precipitation in Mexico 11. High temperature around the Caribbean Sea 12. High temperature in northern Argentina 13. Light precipitation in central Argentina 14. Low temperature in southeastern Australia
•Products for monthly climate•Using CLIMAT message
WEEKLY PRODUCTS
•Products for weekly climate •Using SYNOP messages
Quality Check for SYNOP data
Monthly precipitation estimated from SYNOP 0mm
CLIMAT precipitation 15mm
Example of quality check for SYNOP data
Daily precipitation estimated from SYNOP
We use this observatory’s data carefully.
EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE
Temperature : the normalized anomaly 2≧ the normalized anomaly -2≦
the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation
Precipitation : Quintile = 6 or 0Quintile 6 : the precipitation is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000 0 : the precipitation is less than any value in 1971 - 2000
Weekly Extreme Climate
EXTREME CLIMATEThe phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years
Temperature : the normalized anomaly 3 : ≧ WARM the normalized anomaly -3 : ≦ COLD the normalized anomaly = anomaly / 30-day standard deviation anomaly = weekly mean temperature - weekly normal
Precipitation : precipitation in a week exceeds the 30-day normal : WET precipitation in the last 30-day is less than the threshold of quintile 1 for the 30-day : DRY
Weekly normal, 30-day normal, 30-day standard deviation and 30-day quintile are calculatedby interpolating monthly values of the previous (or following) and the current month.Monthly normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data.
The criteria are decided from research for Japanese observatories.
Products of monitoring of surface climate
Distribution of Extreme Weekly Climate
1 October, 2003 Japan Meteorological Agency
Weekly Report on Global Extreme Climate Events ( 24 September, 2003 - 30 September, 2003 )
Extreme weather and climate events and/or weather disasters in this period are as follows ;
1. Wet : northern China
2. Warm : central China
3. Cold : northwestern China to eastern Kazakhstan
4. Wet : northern and central India
5. Wet : northern Algeria, Tunisia and northern Italy
6. Warm : northeastern USA and eastern Canada to southern Greenland
7. Hurricane : eastern Canada Hurricane “Juan” made landfall on eastern Canada on 29 September. In eastern Canada, fatalities caused by Hurricane were reported.
8. Warm : western USA
9. Dry : eastern Australia
10. Wet : southwestern Australia
Weekly Climate Information
Reference figure for weekly climate
850hPa wind vector, OLR and its anomaly(W/m2)
500hPa height and anomaly(m)
Reference figure for weekly climate
Weekly temperature anomaly(℃)
Weekly precipitation ratio(%)
Weekly Climate Information
Thank you!
Reference : QuintileAmount ofprecipitaion
Upper and Lowerlimit of Quintile Quintile
0.0-4.9 051838485661646986104105119124155163164175203224236236239249254257293335344349411
>=411.1 6
255.6-411.0
1
2
3
4
5
5.0-62.5
62.6-121.5
121.6-213.5
213.6-255.5
The 30 monthly values of precipitation, the statistical period of calculation for climatological normals, are listed in ascending order.
The list is then divided into five groups of quintiles of six values each.
The first quintile contains the lowest 6 values and the fifth quintile contains the highest 6 values.
Example
60.0mm => quintile 1
220.0mm => quintile 4
420.0mm => quintile 6