MRV Methodology Title: “Methodology for fuel …gec.jp/gec/jp/Activities/fs_newmex/2012/preliminary...These biomass residues including their pellet replace fossil fuels and reduce

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MRV Methodology Title: “Methodology for fuel switch from fossil fuels to biomass (agricultural) residues in boilers for heat generation in Republic of Moldova” (Draft Ver. 3.0)

1. Title of Methodology

“Methodology for fuel switch from fossil fuels to biomass residues in boilers for heat generation in Republic of Moldova”

2. Summary of the Methodology for the Project This methodology is applicable to projects designed to consume biomass residues produced in Republic of Moldova as an alternative fuel in boilers for heat generation to fossil fuel consumed in the same country. These biomass residues including their pellet replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared with those of the reference scenario.

3. Eligibility Criteria

This methodology is applicable to projects that fully satisfy the following cases. Check Criteria 1 Fossil fuel use for boiler shall be replaced by biomass residues Criteria 2 The project activity involves installation of (a) new boiler(s) to

make energy use of biomass residue including biomass pellet for heat generation whose capacity is larger than 45 kW and energy efficiency is higher than 80%

Criteria 3 The biomass residue would otherwise be unutilized without the project activity

Criteria 4 The heat generated in the boiler would not be used for power generation

4. Selecting a Calculation Method

To calculate the reference emission, the project developer must refer to the calculation method best-suited for his/her project using the flow chart below.

Use the default values for project emission

from fossil fuels

CalculationMethod 1-1


Yes

No

Calculation Method 2-1


Yes

No

Use heat meter to measure accumulated heat

generation by boiler

Use the default values for project emission

from fossil fuels

Yes

No

Note: This methodology is drafted as the result of the GEC’s JCM Demonstration/Feasibility Study in JFY2012. Therefore, this draft methodology is not officially approved by any governments involved in JCM, and is subject to change in the future.

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5. Necessary Data for Calculation The data that requires presetting in the planning stage of the project or monitoring after the start of the project is determined below based on the calculation method selected in section 4. If the data shown below is imported, a calculation tool is provided in this methodology that will allow you to measure emission reductions. Mark “*” denotes parameters attributed to pellet production and pellet transportation.

5.1 Calculation method 1-1: Use heat meter and use default value

(1) Monitoring and input after project starts Description of data Value Units

Accumulated heat generation from biomass residues in boilers in year y GJ/y (2) In the planning stage, enter the data to determine project specific value

Description of data Value Units Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler - CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i displaced by biomass residues tCO2/GJ

5.2 Calculation method 1-2: Use heat meter and NOT use default value


Accumulated heat generation from biomass residues in boilers in year y GJ/y Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in year y t/y

(2) In the planning stage, enter the data to determine project specific value

Description of data Value Units Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i displaced by biomass residues tCO2/GJ Fossil fuel i consumption in collection of biomass residue k i in the selected period pd

t/y

Net calorific value of the fossil fuel i used for biomass residue collection GJ/t CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for biomass residue collection tCO2/GJ Transported quantity of biomass residues k (raw material) in the selected period pd

t/period

Average truck load of biomass residues k (raw material) in the selected period pd t/truck Average round trip distance (biomass residue transportation) in the selected period pd

km

Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass residue in the selected period pd

tCO2/km

* CO2 emission factor of electricity tCO2/MWh *Transported quantity of biomass residues (pellet) in the selected period pd t/period *Average truck load of biomass residues (pellet) in the selected period pd t/truck *Average round trip distance (pellet transportation) in the selected period pd km *Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting pellet in the selected period pd

tCO2/km

Fossil fuel i consumption in boiler site operation in the selected period pd t/period Net calorific value of the fossil fuel i used for boiler site operation GJ/t CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for boiler site operation tCO2/GJ

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5.3 Calculation method 2-1: NOT use heat meter and use default value


Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in year y t/y (2) In the planning stage, enter the data to determine project specific value

Description of data Value Units Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler Average net efficiency of heat generation of the biomass boiler Moisture content of biomass residue k (wet basis) % Net calorific value of biomass residue k (dry) GJ/t CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i displaced by biomass residues tCO2/GJ

5.4 Calculation method 2-2: NOT use heat meter and NOT use default value


Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in year y t/y (2) In the planning stage, enter the data to determine project specific value

Description of data Value Units Moisture content of biomass residue (wet basis) % Net calorific value of biomass residues (dry) GJ/t Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler Average net efficiency of heat generation of the biomass boiler CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i displaced by biomass residues tCO2/GJ Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in the selected period pd t/period Fossil fuel i consumption in collection of biomass residue in the selected period pd t/period Net calorific value of the fossil fuel i used for biomass residue collection GJ/t CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for biomass residue collection tCO2/GJ Transported quantity of biomass residues (raw material) in the selected period pd t/period Average truck load of biomass residues (raw material) in the selected period pd t/truck Average round trip distance (raw material transportation) in the selected period pd km Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass residue in the selected period pd

tCO2/km

*CO2 emission factor of electricity tCO2/MWh *Transported quantity of biomass pellet in the selected period pd t/period *Average truck load of biomass pellet in the selected period pd t/truck *Average round trip distance (pellet transportation) in the selected period pd km *Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting pellet in the selected period pd

tCO2/km

Fossil fuel i consumption in boiler site operation in the selected period pd t/period Net calorific value of the fossil fuel i used for boiler site operation GJ/t CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for boiler site operation tCO2/GJ

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6. Terms and Definitions

Term Definition Biomass Biomass is non-fossilized and biodegradable organic material

originating from plants, animals and microorganisms. This shall also include products, by-products, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry and related industries as well as the non-fossilized and biodegradable organic fractions of industrial and municipal wastes. Biomass also includes gases and liquids recovered from the decomposition of non-fossilized and biodegradable organic material.

Biomass residues Biomass residues are defined as biomass that is a by-product, residue or waste stream from agriculture, forestry and related industries. This shall not include municipal waste or other waste that contains fossilized and/or non-biodegradable material (small fractions of inert inorganic material like soil or sands may be included). Note that in case of solid biomass residue for all the calculations in this methodology, quantity of biomass residue refers to the dry weight of biomass residue.

Heat Heat refers to heat that is utilized (e.g. steam or hot gases used for processes). Waste heat is not covered under the definition of Heat for the purpose of this is methodology.

Efficiency of heat Generation

Efficiency of heat generation is defined as the quantity of heat generated per unit quantity of fuel fired (both expressed in terms of energy using the same units). The average net efficiency of heat generation refers to the efficiency of heat generation over a longer time interval that is representative for different loads and operation modes, including start-ups (e.g. one year). In case of several boilers, the average efficiency of heat generation in these boilers corresponds respectively to the heat generated by all boilers divided by the quantity of fuel fired in all boilers (both expressed in the same energy units).

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7. Project Boundaries The project boundary shall include the following GHG emission sources and GHG emissions.

Source Gas Description

Biomass residue collection, e.g. operation of balers, shredders, tractors

CO2 CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption. This may include fossil fuels used for on-site transportation or preparation of the biomass residues, e.g., the operation of shredders, balers, tractors or other equipment, but shall not include fossil fuels co-fired in the boiler(s)

Biomass residue transportation, e.g. trucks

CO2 CO2 emissions from transportation of biomass residues (raw materials) to boiler site or pellet factory

Biomass pellet production, e.g. pelletizer

CO2 CO2 emissions from electricity consumption that is attributable to producing biomass pellet in the case that the biomass residue is pelletized

Biomass pellet transportation, e.g. trucks

CO2 CO2 emissions from transportation of biomass residues (pellet) from biomass pellet factory to boiler site

Boiler site operation, e.g. carrying and feeding biomass residues into boiler

CO2 CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption related to transportation from neighbor storage and feeding of biomass residue into boiler

8. Reference Scenario

Fossil fuel would be used continuously by the existing boiler(s) for the duration of the proposed project. The biomass residues would not be used for energy purposes.

9. Reference Emissions and Calculation There are two available reference emission calculation methods to choose from with respect to monitoring equipment. If the project developers afford to prepare heat meter, they can select calculation method 1-1 or 1-2. Reference emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the existing boiler(s) are determined by multiplying the heat generated with fossil fuels that are displaced by biomass residues with the CO2 emission factor of the reference fossil fuels that would be used in the absence of the project activity and by dividing by the average net efficiency of heat generation in the existing boiler(s).

9.1 Calculation method 1-1, 1-2 : Use heat meter to measure heat generation The heat generated with fossil fuels that are displaced by biomass residues is measured directly by heat meter.

PFiCORE

yBMy EFQRE ,2,1

××=γ

...........................(1)

yRE Reference CO2 emission in year y [tCO2/y]

yBMQ , Accumulated heat generation from biomass residue in a boiler in year y [GJ/y]

REγ Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler

PFiCOEF ,2 CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i displaced by biomass residues [tCO2/GJ]

9.2 Calculation method 2-1, 2-2 : NOT use heat meter to measure heat generation

The heat generated with fossil fuels that are displaced by biomass residues is estimated from consumption of biomass residues, net calorific value of biomass residues, and average net efficiency of heat generation of the biomass boiler.

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PFiCORE

PJ

kkBM

kBMykBMy EFNCV

MPCRE ,2,

,,, )

1001( ××

×−×=∑ γ

γ

...........................(2)

yRE Reference CO2 emission in year y [tCO2/y]

ykBMPC ,, Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in year y [t/y]

kBMM , Moisture content of biomass residue k (wet basis) [%] (See Table 1)

kBMNCV , Net calorific value of biomass residue k (dry basis) [GJ/t] (See Table 2)

PJγ Average net efficiency of heat generation of the biomass boiler

REγ Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler

PFiCOEF ,2 CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i displaced by biomass residues [tCO2/GJ]

Table 1 Default moisture content of biomass residue

Storage types Default value Straw Storage house (indoor or covered) 20%

Storage site (open field) 30% Fuel wood (exposed) 40% Biomass pellet 11%

Table 2 Default net calorific value of biomass residues (dry basis) [GJ/t]

Types of biomass residue Default value Wheat straw 18.04 Soya straw 18.04 Corn 17.95 Sunflower shell 20.02 Reed 17.60 Wood (elm) 19.10 Wood (acasia) 20.11 Vine 18.92 Wood (pine) 19.99 Wood (poplar) 19.18 Wood (wicker) 19.18 Weeping willow 18.94 Furniture fabrication residues 18.92

10. Project Emissions and Calculation

yboiyptryeyrtryroly PEPEPEPEPEPE ,,,,,,, ++++=

...........................(3)

yPE Project CO2 emission in year y [tCO2/y]

yrolPE , Project CO2 emission from biomass residue collection in year y［tCO2/y］ yrtrPE ,, Project CO2 emission from transportation of biomass residues (raw material) in year y [tCO2/y]

yePE , Project CO2 emission from biomass pellet production in year y [tCO2/y]

yptrPE ,, Project CO2 emission from transportation of biomass residues (biomass pellet) in year y [tCO2/y]

yboiPE , Project CO2 emission from boiler site operation in year y [tCO2/y]

10.1 Calculation method 1-1, 2-1 : Use default value

PEy = REy ×α

...........................(4)

α Project emission factor: Biomass residue 0.02, Biomass pellet 0.10

10.2 Calculation method 1-2, 2-2 : NOT use default value (1) Biomass residue collection (operation of balers, shredders, tractors, etc.)

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The specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue collection process should be calculated before or the first year of the project starts, based on the data sets at least one month.

...........................(5)

yrolPE , CO2 emission from biomass residue k collection in year y [tCO2/y]

Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in year y [t/y]

Specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue k collection process [tCO2/t]

...........................(5’)

CO2 emission from biomass residue k collection in the selected period pd [tCO2/period]

Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in the selected period pd [t/period]

Fossil fuel i consumption in biomass residue k collection in the selected period pd [t/period]

iNCV Net calorific value of the fossil fuel type i used for biomass residue k collection [GJ/t]

PFiCOEF ,2 CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for biomass residue k collection [tCO2/GJ]

(2) Biomass residue transportation

The specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue transportation process should be calculated before or the first year of the project starts, based on the data sets at least one month.

...........................(6)

CO2 emission from biomass residues transportation in year y [tCO2/y]


Specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue k transportation process [tCO2/t]

pdkBM

COkmpdkrpdkrpdkr

pdkBM

pdkrtrkrtrCO PC

EFAVDTLBQPCPE

SEF,,

2,,,,,,,

,,

,,,,,,2

/ ××==

...........................(6’)

CO2 emission from biomass residue k transportation in the selected period pd [tCO2/period]


Transported quantity of biomass residue k (raw material) in the selected period pd [t/period]

Average truck load of biomass residue k (raw material) in the selected period pd [t/truck]

Average round trip distance (biomass residue k transportation) in the selected period pd [km/]

Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass residue k [tCO2/km]

(3) Biomass pellet production

The specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet production process should be calculated before or the first year of the project starts, based on the data sets at least one month.

...........................(7)

CO2 emission from biomass pellet production in year y [tCO2/y]

Consumption of biomass residue k (= biomass pellet) (wet basis) in boiler in year y [t/y]

Specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet production process [tCO2/t]

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...........................(7’)

CO2 emission from electricity consumption attributable to biomass pellet production in the

selected period pd [tCO2/period]

Consumption of biomass residue k (= biomass pellet) (wet basis) in boiler in the selected period

pd [t/period]

Electricity consumption attributable to biomass pellet production in the selected period pd

[MWh/period]

CO2 emission factor of electricity [tCO2/MWh]

(4) Biomass pellet transportation The specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet transportation process should be calculated before or the first year of the project starts, based on the data sets at least one month.

...........................(8)

CO2 emission from biomass pellet transportation in year y [tCO2/y]

Consumption of biomass residue k (= biomass pellet) (wet basis) in boiler in year y [t/y]

Specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet transportation process [tCO2/t]

...........................(8’)

CO2 emission from biomass pellet transportation in the selected period pd [tCO2/period]

Consumption of biomass residue k (= biomass pellet) (wet basis) in boiler in the selected period

pd [t/period]

Transported quantity of biomass pellet in the selected period pd [t/period]

Average truck load of biomass pellet in the selected period pd [t/truck]

Average round trip distance (biomass pellet transportation) in the selected period pd [km/y]

Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass pellet [tCO2/km]

(5) Boiler site operation (carrying and feeding biomass residues into boiler)

The specific CO2 emission for the boiler site operation process should be calculated before or the first year of the project starts, based on the data sets at least one month.

[ ]∑ ×=

kkbolCOykBMybol SEFPCPE ,,2,,,

...........................(9)

CO2 emission from boiler site operation in year y [tCO2/y]


Specific CO2 emission for boiler site operation process of biomass residue k [tCO2/t]

pdkBM

PFiCOipdikbol

pdkBM

pdkbolkbolCO PC

EFNCVPFCPCPE

SEF,,

,2,,,

,,

,,,,2

××==

...........................(9’)

CO2 emission from boiler site operation in the selected period pd of biomass residue k

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[tCO2/period]


Fossil fuel i consumption in boiler site operation in the selected period pd [t/period]

iNCV Net calorific value of the fossil fuel type i used for boiler site operation [GJ/t]

PFiCOEF ,2 CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for boiler site operation [tCO2/GJ]

11. Leakage emissions and Calculation

No significant leakage. 12. Calculating Emission Reductions

Emission reductions are calculated from specific reference emissions and project emissions.

ERy = REy - PEy (- Ly) ERy Emission reductions in year y [tCO2/y] REy Reference emissions in year y [tCO2/y] PEy Project emissions in year y [tCO2/y] Ly Leakage emissions in year y [tCO2/y]

13. Monitoring

The project developers must monitor the parameters described in the table below based on the calculation method of the selected GHG emission reductions. Mark “*” denotes parameters in relation to biomass pellet only.

13.1 Calculation method 1-1 : Use heat meter and use default value Parameters monitored

Parameter Description of data Monitoring method Unit QBM,y Accumulated heat generation from

biomass residue in a boiler in year y Heat meter (continuous measurement) GJ/y

Parameters not monitored: default value or project specific value

Parameter Description of data Value Unit Source γRE Average net efficiency of heat

generation of the existing boiler 1.0 to ensure conservativeness

- -

EFCO2,PFi CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i displaced by biomass residues

Default value Coal (Anthracite): 0.0983

tCO2/GJ Climate Change Office, Ministry of Environment of Moldova

α Project emission factor Default value Non-processed biomass residue: 0.02 Biomass pellet: 0.10

- The GEC BOCM study, 2012

13.2 Calculation method 1-2 : Use heat meter and NOT use default value Parameters monitored

Parameter Description of data Monitoring method Unit QBM,y Accumulated heat generation from

biomass residue in a boiler in year y Heat meter (continuous measurement) GJ/y

PCBM,k,y Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in year y

On-site monitoring report (consumption record)

t/y

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Parameters not monitored: default value or project specific value Parameter Description of data Value Unit Source γRE Average net efficiency of heat

generation of the existing boiler 1.0 to ensure conservativeness

- -


Default value Coal: 0.0983


SEFCO2,rol,k Specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue k collection process

Project specific value tCO2/t Calculate based on formula (5’)

PCBM,k,pd Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in the selected period pd

Project specific value t/period Field measurement report (consumption record)

PFCrol,k,i,pd Fossil fuel i consumption in biomass residue k collection in the selected period pd


NCVi Net calorific value of the fossil fuel type i used for biomass residue collection

Default value Diesel Oil: 35.7

GJ/kl National value of Moldova (2012)

EFCO2,PFi CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for biomass residue collection



SEFCO2,tr,r,k Specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue k transportation process


BQr,k,pd Transported quantity of biomass residue k (raw material) in the selected period pd

Project specific value t/period Field measurement report

TLr,k,pd Average truck load of biomass residue k (raw material) in the selected period pd

Project specific value t/truck Field measurement report

AVDr,k,pd Average round trip distance (biomass residue k transportation) in the selected period pd

Project specific value km Field measurement report

EFkm,CO2 Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass residue

Default value: 0.0011

tCO2/km 2011 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting, Department of Energy and Climate change,UK

*SEFCO2,e Specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet production process


*PECpd Electricity consumption attributable to biomass pellet production in the selected period pd

Project specific value MWh/period Meter reading or receipt

*EFCO2,e CO2 emission factor of electricity


tCO2/MWh Moldova 2010 Grid Emission Factor calculation

*SECCO2,tr,p Specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet transportation process


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*BQp,pd Transported quantity of biomass pellet in the selected period pd


*TLp,pd Average truck load of biomass pellet in the selected period pd


*AVDp,pd Average round trip distance (biomass pellet transportation) in the selected period pd


*EFkm,CO2 Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass pellet



SEFCO2,bol,k Specific CO2 emission for boiler site operation process of biomass residue k


PFCbol,k,i,pd Fossil fuel i consumption in boiler site operation in the selected period pd


NCVi Net calorific value of the fossil fuel type i used for boiler site operation



EFCO2,PFi CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for boiler site operation



13.3 Calculation method 2-1 : NOT use heat meter and use default value Parameters monitored

Parameter Description of data Monitoring method Unit PCBM,k,y Consumption of biomass residue k

(wet basis) in boiler in year y On-site monitoring report (consumption record)

t/y


Parameter Description of data Value Unit Source MBM,k Moisture content of biomass

residue k (wet basis) Default value See Table 1

% The GEC BOCM study, 2012

NCVBM,k Net calorific value of biomass residue k (dry basis)

Default value See Table 2

GJ/t The GEC BOCM study, 2012

γPJ Average net efficiency of heat generation of the biomass boiler

Project specific value - Catalog value or measured value

γRE Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler

1.0 to ensure conservativeness

- -


Default value Coal: 0.0983 Natural gas: 0.0561


α Project emission factor Biomass residue: 0.02 Biomass pellet: 0.10

- The GEC BOCM study, 2012

13.4 Calculation method 2-2 : NOT use heat meter and NOT use default value Parameters monitored

Parameter Description of data Monitoring method Unit

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PCBM,k, y Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in year y

On-site monitoring report (consumption record)

t/y


Parameter Description of data Value Unit Source MBM,k Moisture content of biomass

residue k (wet basis) Default value See Table 1

% The GEC BOCM study, 2012

NCVBM,k Net calorific value of biomass residues k (dry basis)

Default value See Table 2

GJ/t The GEC BOCM study, 2012

γPJ Average net efficiency of heat generation of the biomass boiler

Project specific value - Catalog value or measured value

γRE Average net efficiency of heat generation of the existing boiler

1.0 to ensure conservativeness

- -


Default value Coal: 0.0983 Natural gas: 0.0561


SEFCO2,rol,k Specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue k collection process


PCBM,k,pd Consumption of biomass residue k (wet basis) in boiler in the selected period pd

Project specific value t/period Field mesurement report (consumption record)

PFCrol,k,i,pd Fossil fuel i consumption in biomass residue k collection in the selected period pd


NCVi Net calorific value of the fossil fuel type i used for biomass residue collection

Default value Diesel Oil:35.7


EFCO2,PFi CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for biomass residue collection



SEFCO2,tr,r,k Specific CO2 emission for the biomass residue k transportation process


BQr,k,pd Transported quantity of biomass residue k (raw material) in the selected period pd


TLr,k,pd Average truck load of biomass residue k (raw material) in the selected period pd


AVDr,k,pd Average round trip distance (biomass residue k transportation) in the selected period pd


EFkm,CO2 Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass residue



*SEFCO2,e Specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet production process


*PECpd Electricity consumption attributable to biomass pellet production in the selected period

Project specific value MWh/period

Meter reading or receipt

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pd *EFCO2,e CO2 emission factor of

electricity Default value: 0.4434

tCO2/MWh

Moldova 2010 Grid Emission Factor calculation

*SEFCO2,tr,p Specific CO2 emission for the biomass pellet transportation process


*BQp,pd Transported quantity of biomass pellet in the selected period pd


*TLp,pd Average truck load of biomass pellet in the selected period pd


*AVDp,pd Average round trip distance (biomass pellet transportation) in the selected period pd


*EFkm,CO2 Average CO2 emission factor for the trucks transporting biomass pellet



SEFCO2,bol,k Specific CO2 emission for boiler site operation process of biomass residue k


PFCbol,k,i,pd Fossil fuel i consumption in boiler site operation in the selected period pd


NCVi Net calorific value of the fossil fuel type i used for boiler site operation



EFCO2,PFi CO2 emission factor of the fossil fuel i used for boiler site operation



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Documents

MRV Methodology Title: “Methodology for fuel …gec.jp/gec/jp/Activities/fs_newmex/2012/preliminary...These biomass residues including their pellet replace fossil fuels and reduce