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7/30/2019 Muscle Flash Cards
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Coracobrachialis
Tip of coracoid process of scapula
Middle third of medial surface of
humerus
Helps flex & adduct arm; resists
dislocation of shoulder
Musculocutaneous nerv C5 C6 C7
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Brachialis
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Coronoid process & ulna tuberosity
Flexes forearm in all positions
Musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6 &
Radial nerve C5, C7
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Aconeus
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Lateral surface of olecranon & superior
part of posterior surface of ulna
Assists triceps in extending forearm;
stabilises elbow joint
Radial nerve C5, C7
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Brachioradialis
Proximal two thirds of supraepicondylar
ridge of humerus
Lateral surface of distal end of radius
proximal to styloid process
Weak flexion of arm when forearm is in
midpronated position
Radial nerve C5, C6, C7
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Supinator
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Lateral surface of olecranon & superior
part of posterior surface of ulna
Assists triceps in extending forearm;
stabilises elbow joint
Radial nerve C5, C7
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Pronator Teres
Humeral h ead:medial supracondylar ridge &
medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulna head:medial border of the coronoid
process of the ulna
Middle of lateral surface of the radius (pronatortuberosity)
Pronates & flexes forearm
Median nerve C6, C7
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Pronator Quadratus
Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
Distal quarter of anterior surface of
radius
Pronates forearm, deep fibers bind
radius & ulna together
Median nerve C8, T1
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common
flexor origin)
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Flexes & abducts hand at wrist
Median nerve C6, C7
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Longissimus Capitis (Erector Spinae)
TPs T1-T5, articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7
Mastoid process of occiput bone
Extends and rotates head
Posterior rami spinal nerves
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Longissimus cervicis (E. Spinae) TPs to TPs
TPs of T1-T5 vertebrae
TPs C2-C6
Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column
Posterior rami spinal nerves
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Longissimus Thoracis (E. Spinae)TPs to TPs
Posterior & medial iliac crest, transverse processes
of all lumbar spine and TLF
TPs of all thoracic vertebrae, between angles &
tubercles lower 10 ribs
Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column,
rotates ribs for forceful inspiration
Posterior rami spinal nerves
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Semispinalis Capitis Transversospinalis
TPs-SPs
TPs of C4-C6 vertebrae
Between superior & inferior nuchal lines of the
occipital bone
Extends and rotates head
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Semispinalis Cervicis Transversospinalis
TPs-SPs
TPs of T1-T6 vertebrae
SPs C2-C5
Extends and rotates vertebral column
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Semispinalis Thoracis Transversospinalis
TPs to SPs
TPs of C7-T12
SPs of C6-T4
Extends & rotates vertebral column
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Spinalis Capitis (E. Spinae) SPs to SPs
SP of C6
Between superior & inferior nuchal lines of the
occipital bone
Acting bilaterally: extend neck
Acting unilaterally: laterally flex the neck
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Spinalis Cervicis (E. Spinae) SPs to SPs
Ligamentum nuchae & SP of C7
SP of C2
Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral neck
Acting unilaterally: laterally flex neck
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Spinalis Thoracis (E. Spinae) SPs of SPs
SPs of T11 - L2
SPs of T1-T8
Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head
Acting unilaterally: laterally flex the vertebral column
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Iliocostalis Thoracis (E. Spinae)
Angle of lower 6 ribs
TPs of C7
Extension & lateral flexion of vertebral column.
Rotates ribs for forceful expiration
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Iliocostalis Cervicus (E. Spinae)
Angle of ribs 3-6
TPs C4 C6
Extension & lateral flexion of neck.
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Iliocostalis Lumborum (E. Spinae)
Medial & lateral sacral crests. Medial part of illiac
crest.
Angles of lower 6 ribs
Extension & lateral flexion of vertebral column.Rotates ribs for forceful inspiration.
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Rotators
Proximal
Transverse processes of each vertebra
Distal
Brevis: base of spinous processes of next vertebra
Longus: base of spinous processes of vertebra 2
above
Action
Extends and rotates vertebral column
Nerve
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Multifidus
Common origin of erector spinae, TPs of
T1-T3 & articular processes of C4-C7
SPs of 2-4 segments above. Thickest in lumbar
spine
Stabilizes vertebrae during movement ofvertebral column
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
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Interspinales
Cervical region: spinous processes of C3-C7
Thoracic region: spinous processes T1T3 & T11 -
T12 thoracic vertebrae
Cervical region: spinous processes L2 L5
Spinous processes of next vertebra superior to
origin
Extends and rotates column
Dorsal Primary Divisions of spinal nerves
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Trapezius
Medial third of superior nuchal line, external
occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae,spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of
seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae C7T12
Upper part - lateral third of clavicleMiddle part - acromion and spine of scapula
Lower part - medial portion of spine of scapula(tubercle)
Upper part - elevates scapula
Middle part - retracts scapula,
Lower part - depresses scapula
Accessory (eleventh cranial), C3, C4
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Levator Scapulae
Proximal
Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes ofC1-C4
Distal
Superior part of medial border of the scapula
Action
Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid cavity
inferiorly by rotating scapula
NerveDorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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Latissimus Dorsi
Proximal
Spinous processes of T7-T12, spinous processes of all lumbar
and sacral vertebrae (via thoracolumbar fascia), supraspinalligament and iliac crest, outer surfaces of lower three or four
ribs, inferior angle of scapula
Distal
Floor of bicipital groove
Action
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus.
Raises body when climbing
Nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve C6, C7, C8
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Rhomboid Major
Proximal
Spinous processes of T2
T5 vertebrae andligamentum nuchae
Distal
Medial border of scapula from below the
spine to inferior angle
Action
Retracts scapula and rotate it to depress
glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall
NerveDorsal Scapula nerve C4-C5
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Rhomboid Minor
Proximal
Spines of the C7
T1 vertebrae, lower part ofthe ligamentum nuchae
Distal
Medial border of the scapula at level of spine
Action
Retracts, rotates and stabilizes scapula, elevates the
medial border of the scapula
Nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve C4-C5
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Serratus Posterior Superior
Proximal
Spinous processes & supraspinous ligament C7-T1vertebrae
Distal
Posterior aspect of ribs 2-4
ActionAssists forced inspiration??
Nerve
Anterior primary rami T2-T5
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Serratus Posterior Inferior
Proximal
Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae
Distal
Posterior aspect of ribs 9-12
Action
Assists in forced inspiration??
Nerve
Anterior primary rami T9-T12
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Quadratus Lumborum
Proximal
Inferior border of 12th
rib
Distal
Transverse processes of L1-4,Iliolumbar
ligament, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest
ActionFixes 12th rib in respiration, side bends trunk
Nerve
Anterior primary rami T12-L3
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Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Proximal
Posterior arch of atlas
Distal
Medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
ActionExtends head
Nerve
Suboccipital nerve
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Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
Proximal
Spinous process of axis
Distal
Lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
ActionExtends and rotates head
Nerve
Suboccipital nerve
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Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Proximal
Spinous process of axis
Distal
Transverse process of atlas
ActionRotates the head
Nerve
Suboccipital nerve
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Obliquus Capitis Superior
Proximal
Transverse process of atlas
Distal
Occipital bone between inferior and
superior nuchal lines
Action
Extends head and flexes head laterally to
the same side (ipsilaterally)
NerveSuboccipital nerve
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Thoracolumbar Fascia
Posterior
Lumbar SPs, supraspinous ligament
Middle
Tips of lumbar TPs, intertransverse ligaments,
iliac crest & inferior border of 12th rib
adjoining lumbocostal ligament
Anterior
Anterior surface lumbar TPs, iliolumbar
ligament, iliac crest
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Tibialis Anterior
Lateral tibial condyle, superior half of lateral
tibia, interosseous membrane
Medial & inferior surfaces of medial
cuneiform,base of 1st metatarsal
Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot
Deep fibular nerve L4, L5
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
Middle 1/2 of anterior fibula & interosseous
membrane
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of the
great toe
Extends great toe, dorsiflexes ankle
Deep fibular nerve L4, L5
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Fibularis Tertius
Inferior 1/3 of surface of fibula, interosseous
membrane.
Dorsum base of fifth metatarsal
Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot
Deep fibular nerve L4, L5
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Fibularis Longus
Head & superior 2/3 of lateral surface of
fibula
Base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform
Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes the ankle
Superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2
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Fibularis Brevis
Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral
surface base of the 5th metatarsal
Everts foot, weakly plantar flexes ankle
Superficial fibualr nerve L5, S1, S2
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Flexor Digitorum Longus
Medial part of posterior tibia inferior to soleal line
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantarflexes ankle,
Tibial nerve S2, S3
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Flexor Hallucis Longus
Inferior 2/3 of fibula posterior surface &
interosseous membrane
Bases of distal phlanges of the great toe
Flexes great toe, weakly plantarflexes the ankle
Tibial nerve S2, S3
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Plantaris
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur,
oblique popliteal ligament
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
Plantar flexes ankle (by weakly assisting
gastrocnemius)
Tibial nerve S1, S2
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Popliteus
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
Posterior surface of tibia superior to the soleal
line
Weakly flexes knee. Unlocks knee by rotating 5
degree on fixed tibia Medially rotates tibia on
unplanted leg.
Tibial nerve L4, L5, S1
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
Lateral tibial condyle & superior 3/4 of fibula &
interosseous membrane
Middle & distal phalanges of lateral four toes via
extensor expansions
Extends lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexes ankle
Deep fibular nerve L4, L5
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Gastrocnemius
Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of
femur
Medial head: superior to medial femoral condyle
Dorsum of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Flexes leg, plantar flex ankle when extended
Tibial nerve S1, S2
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Soleus
Posterior aspect of head & upper shaft of fibula,
soleal line to medial border of the tibia
Dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Plantarflex the foot independent of knee position
Tibial nerve S1, S2
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Tibialis Posterior
Interosseous membrane, posterior surface
of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior
surface of fibula
Navicular tuberosity. Cuneiform, cuboid &
sustentaculumtali of the calcaneus. Bases
of 2nd
, 3rd
and 4th
metatarsals.
Plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot
Tibial nerve L4, L5
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Obturator Internus
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Posterior surface ofobturator
membrane& margin ofobturator
foramen
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh
Nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
Psoas Major
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Sides of vertebral bodies T12-L5, TPs of all
lumbar vertebrae
Lesser trochanter of femur
Flexes thigh, stabilises hip, flexes vertebral
column
Anterior rami of lumber nerves L1, L2, L3
Piriformis
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Anterior surface of sacrum,
sacrotuberous ligament
Upper border of greater trochanter
Laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh,
steadies femoral head
Anterior rami ofS1, S2
Gemellus Superior
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Ischial spine
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Laterally rotates thigh
Nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
Gemellus Inferior
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Ischial tuberosity
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Laterally rotates thigh
Femoral nerve L2-L4
Gluteus Maximus
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Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior
surface of sacrum & coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Upper fibres: iliotibial tract
Lower fibres: gluteal tuberosity
Extends thigh (especially from flexed position).
Laterally rotates thigh
Inferior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2
Gluteus Medius
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External surface of ilium between posterior
& anterior gluteal lines
Lateral surface ofgreater trochanter
Abducts & medially rotates femur. Keeps
pelvis level when walking
Superior gluteal nerve L5-S2
Gluteus Minimus
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External surface of the ilium between the
anterior & interior gluteal lines
Greater trochanter of femur
Abducts & medially rotates femur
Superior gluteal nerve L5, S1
Quadratus Femoris
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Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanetric
crest and area inferior to it
Laterally rotates thigh, and steadies
femoral head in acetabulum
Nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1
Ii
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Iiacus
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior
SI joints
Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter
Flexes thigh, stabilises hip
Femoral nerve L2, L3
Subclavius
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Junction of 1st rib & its costal cartilage
Inferior middle surface of middle third
of clavicle
Anchors and depresses clavicle
Nerve to subclavius C5, C6
Deltoid
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Lateral third of clavicle, acromion & spine of
scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Clavicular part: flexes & medially rotates arm
Acromial part: Adducts arms
Spinal part: extends & laterally rotates arm
Axillary nerve C5, C6
Teres Major
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Posterior surface of inferior angle of
scapula
Medial lip of bicipital groove of
humerus
Adducts and medially rotates arm
Lower subscapular nerve C5, C6
Triceps brachii
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Long head: infraglenoid tubercle ofscapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus,
superior to radial groove
Medial head: posterior surface of humerus,
inferior to radial groove
Proximal surface of olecranon process of ulna
Chief extensor of forearm: long head resists
dislocation of humerus; especially important
during adduction
Radial nerve C6, C7, C8
Subscapularis (rotator cuff)
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Subscapular fossa (most of anterior
surface of scapula)
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Medially rotates arm, as part of rotator
cuff, helps hold head of humerus inglenoid cavity
Lower subscapular nerve C5, C6
Infraspinatus (rotator cuff)
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Infraspinous fossa of scapular
Middle facet ofgreater tubercle of
humerus
Laterally rotates arm and acts with
rotator cuff muscles
Suprascapular nerve C5, C6
Teres Minor (rotator cuff)
Middl t f l t l b d f
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Middle part of lateral border of
scapular
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of
humerus
Laterally rotates arm & acts as withrotator cuff muscles
Axillary nerve C5, C6
Supraspinatus (rotator cuff)
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Supraspinatus fossa of scapula
Superior facet of greater tubercle of
humerus
Abduction of arm, acts with rotator cuff
muscle
Subscapular nerve C4, C5, C6
Biceps brachii
Sh t h d ti f id f l
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Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapular
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapular
Tuberosity of radius & fascia of forearm via
bicipital aponeurosis
Supinates forearm & flexes forearm when supine.Short head resists dislocation of shoulder
Musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6, C7
Coracobrachialis
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Tip of coracoid process of scapula
Middle third of medial surface of
humerus
Helps flex & adduct arm; resists
dislocation of shoulder
Musculocutaneous nerve
C5, C6, C7
Rectus femoris (quadriceps)
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Straight head: AIIS
Reflected head: ilium superior to the acetabulum
Patella and tibial tuberosity (via quadriceps tendon)
Extends leg, steadies hip, assists psoas major in flexingthigh
Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Vastus Lateralis (quadriceps)
l l f h l h
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Lateral lip of the linea aspera, greater trochanter
Quadriceps tendon attaching to the patella &
then tibial tuberosity. Attaches to tibia via
patella retinacula.
Extends knee
Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Vastus Medialis (quadriceps)
M di l li f li i h i li
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Medial lip of linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
Quadriceps tendon attaching to the patella & then
tibial tuberosity. Attaches to tibia via patella
retinacula.
Extends knee
Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4
Vastus Intermedius (quadriceps)
A i l l f f h f f f
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Anterior lateral surface of shaft of femur
Patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar
ligament)
Extends knee
Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Obturator Externus
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Anterior margins of obturator foramen
(ischio-pubic ramus) & obturatormembrane
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Laterally rotates thigh, stabilises hip joint
Obturator nerve L3-L4
Pectineus
S i f bi
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Superior ramus of pubis
Pectineal line (between lesser trochanter &
linea aspera)
Adducts, flexes thigh, assists medial rotation
Femoral nerve L2, L3
Biceps Femoris (hamstrings)
L H d l f t f i hi l t b it &
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Long Head: lower facet ofischial tuberosity &
associated sacrotuberous ligament
Short Head: lower half of lateral lip oflinea aspera tosuperior aspect oflateral supra condylar line
Lateral side of head fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
Extends hip, flexes knee, rotates leg medially when
knee is flexed
Superior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2
Adductor Longus
Body of pubis inferior to the pubic crest
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Body of pubis inferior to the pubic crest
Middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
Adducts, flexes the extended hip & extends
the flexed hip
Obturator nerve L2, L3, L4
Semitendinosus
Lower medial facet of lateral section of ischial
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Lower medial facet of lateral section ofischial
tuberosity
Medial surface of superior part of tibia (pes
anserinus)
Extends femur, flexes the knee & rotates itmedially when the knee is flexed, capable of
flexing trunk
Tibial nerve L5, S1, S2
Semimembranosus (hamstrings)
Ischial tuberosity
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Ischial tuberosity
Posterior part ofmedial condyle of tibia; reflected
attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament
Extends femur, flexes the knee & rotates it medially
when the knee is flexed, capable of flexing trunk
Tibial division of sciatic nerve L2, L3, L4
Adductor Magus
Adductor part: Inferior ramus of pubis ramus of ischium
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Adductor part: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial
supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur
Adducts thigh. adductor part = flexes thigh. hamstring part:
extends thigh
Adductor part: Obturator nerve L2, L3, L4
Hamstring part: Tibial nerve L4
Adductor Brevis
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
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Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Pectineal line, linea aspera upper 1/3
Adducts, flexes and medially rotates the femur
at the hip joint
Obturator nerve L2, L3, L4
Tensor Fascia Lata
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Anterior part of iliac crest, anterior superior iliac
spine
Via iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of tibia
Flexes, abducts and medially rotates the thigh at
the hip joint
Superior gluteal nerve L5, S1
Gracilis
Body & inferior ramus of pubis
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Body & inferior ramus of pubis
Supero-medial surface of the tibia via pes
anserinus
Adducts the thigh, flexes the leg & assists in
medial rotation of the thigh
Obturator nerve L2 L3
Sartorius
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ASIS & superior part of notch immediately
inferior to it
Superio-medial surface of the tibia (pes
anserinus)
Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the femur,
flexes knee
Femoral nerve L2
L3