Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 7 Sports Injuries

8/2/2019 Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 7 Sports Injuries

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Maria Carmela L. Domocmat, RN,MSNInstructor

School of NursingNorthern Luzon Adventist CollegeArtacho, Sison, Pangasinan


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Overview

Part 1: Degenerative &Metabolic bone disorders OA

Gout and gouty arthritis

Part 3: Muscular disorders Muscular dystrophy

Rhabdomyolysis

Part : Disorders of the Osteoporosis Pagets dse

Osteomalacia

Part 2: Bone infections Osteomyelitis

Septic arthritis

hand Carpal tunnel syndrome

Dupuytrens contracture

Ganglion

3/5/2012 Maria Carmela L. Domocmat, RN, MSN 2


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Overview Part 5: Spinal column

deformities Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis

Corn Callus Ingrown Nail Hypertrophic Ungual Labium

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

Part 6 : Disorders of foot Hallux valgus (bunions) Mortons neuroma (plantar

neuroma) Hammer toe Tarsal tunnel syndrome Plantar Fasciitis

Part 7: Sports Injuries Sprain Strain Tennis elbow Impingement and rotator cuff

tears Knee injuries (ACL injury,

meniscal injury, overusesyndrome)



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Sports Injuries

Sprain Strain

Tennis elbow

mp ngemen an ro a or cu ears Knee injuries (ACL injury, meniscal injury, overuse

syndrome)



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Sprain A sprain is a stretched or torn ligament.

Ligaments are tissues that connect bones at a joint. Falling, twisting, or gettinghit can all cause a sprain.

Ankle and wrist sprains are common. Symptoms include pain, swelling,bruising and being unable to move your joint. You might feel a pop or tearwhen the injury happens.

strain is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon. Tendons are tissues thatconnect muscle to bone. Twisting or pulling these tissues can cause a strain.Strains can happen suddenly or develop over time. Back and hamstring musclestrains are common. Many people get strains playing sports. Symptoms includepain, muscle spasms, swelling and trouble moving the muscle.

At first, treatment of both sprains and strains usually involves resting the

injured area, icing it, wearing a bandage or device that compresses the area,and medicines. Later treatment might include exercise and physical therapy. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html


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http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_

popup/mcdc7_anklesprain.jpg


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Ankle sprain

An ankle sprain is a common injury to the ankle. The most common way the ankle is injured is when

the ankle is twisted inward (inversion injury).

t t s n ury, gaments t at support t e an e canbe torn which lead to swelling, inflammation, andbruising around the ankle.

An ankle sprain injury may take a few weeks to manymonths to fully heal.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/

imagepages/19577.htm


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The most common way the ankle can be injured is byan ankle sprain.

When an ankle is sprained ligaments on the ankle are, .

The most common type of sprain is an inversioninjury,where the foot is rotated inward.


presentations/100209_4.htm


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Ankle sprains can range from mild, to moderate, andsevere.

ype 1 an e spra n s a m spra n. t occurs w en t eligaments have been stretched or torn minimally.



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Type II ankle sprain is a moderate level of sprain. Itoccurs when some of the fibers of the ligaments aretorn completely.


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Type III ankle sprain is the most severe ankle sprain. It occurs when the entire ligament is torn and there is

great instability of the ankle joint.


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Grade III ankle sprain


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Minor injuries like sprains may be treated at home ifbroken bones are not suspected.

The acronym RICE is helpful in remembering how to treatminor injuries:

"R" stands for rest, "I" is for ice,

"C" is for compression,

"E" is for elevation

Pain and swelling should decrease within 48 hours, andgentle movement may be beneficial, but pressure shouldnot be put on a sprained joint until pain is completely gone(one to several weeks). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/

19396.htm


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Strain


images/ency/fullsize/19618.jpg


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Lateral epicondylitis Epitrochlear bursitis

Tennis elbow


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Lateral epicondylitis inflammation, soreness, or pain on the outside

(lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow.

There may be a partial tear of the tendon fibers, which.

where these fibers begin, on the outside of the elbow.


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Causes, incidence, and risk factors Tendon - part of the muscle that attaches to a bone

Muscles in forearm attach to the bone on the outsideof elbow.

en t ese musc es are use over an over aga n,small tears develop in the tendon.

Over time, this leads to irritation and pain where thetendon is attached to the bone.


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Causes, incidence, and risk factors common in people who play a lot of tennis or other racquet

sports, hence the name "tennis elbow." Backhand is the most common stroke to cause symptoms.

However, an activit that involves repetitive twisting of

the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to thiscondition.

Common among painters, plumbers, construction workers, cooks, and

butchers are all more likely to develop tennis elbow. This condition may also be due to constant computer

keyboard and mouse use


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Tennis elbow is most commonly seen in two groups ofpeople: Manual Laborers

People who work with their hands are at greater risk ofdeveloping tennis elbow. Jobs that may lead to tennis elbowinclude plumbers, painters, gardeners, and carpenters.

Sports Participants Sports participants, especially racquet sport players, are prone

to developing tennis elbow. About a third of amateur tennisplayers experience tennis elbow at some point in their careers.In addition to racquet sports, tennis elbow is seen in golfers,fencers, and other sports participants.


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Symptoms Elbow pain that gradually worsens

Pain radiating from the outside of the elbow to theforearm and back of the hand when grasping or

Weak grasp

Pain over the outside of the elbow

Pain when lifting objects Pain radiating down the forearm


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Dx diagnosis is made based on signs and symptoms,

because x-rays are usually normal.

Often there will be pain or tenderness when the

upper arm bone, over the outside of the elbow.

pain near the elbow when the wrist is extended (bentbackwards, like revving a motorcycle engine) against

resistance.X-rays are rarely needed.


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Treatment Rest arm

avoid the activity that causes symptoms for at least 2 -3 weeks.

ut ce on t e outs e o e ow 2 - 3 t mes a ay.

NSAIDs ( ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin).


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If due to sports activity

Ask about any changes can make in technique.

Check any sports equipment client is using to see if any.

Ask about how often client have been playing andwhether he/she should cut back.


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occupational therapist

can show exercises to stretch and strengthen themuscles of forearm.

It wraps around the first part of forearm and takes someof the pressure off the muscles.

cortisone injection

If the pain continues after 6 - 12 months of rest andtreatment - surgery may be recommended


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Surgical tx debridement of the diseased tissue of the extensor

carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle with decorticationof the lateral epicondyle.

, ,

arthroscopic approaches.


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http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/figures/A00068F01.jpg


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Expectations (prognosis) Most people improve with nonsurgical treatment.

The majority of those who do have surgery show animprovement in symptoms.


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Complications Failure to improve with nonsurgical or surgical

treatment. This may be due to nerve entrapment in theforearm

Rupture of the tendon with repeated steroid injections


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PreventionApply an ice pack to the outside of the elbow

Maintain good strength and f lexibility in the armmuscles and avoid repetitive motions

est t e e ow w en en ng an stra g ten ng arepainful


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http://www.tennis-elbow.net/images/tennis-elbow-cure.gif


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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH00

01485/


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n ury

Meniscal Injury

Overuse Syndrome



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Overuse syndrome is a condition where a part of the body is injured by

repeatedly overusing or exerting to much strain on thatbody part.

The term o eruse s ndrome identifies a lar e rou of

conditions that result from using the body in a repetitiousway and causing injury by the amount it is done.

These conditions are often focused on a joint and usuallyaffect the muscle, bone, tendon or bursa of the joint.

However other anatomical features and areas can bestressed and their response to that strain can be an injury.



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Some common examples of overuse syndrome are:

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Tendonitis

Bursitis

Tennis Elbow

Trigger Finger

Blackberry Thumb

Vibration White Finger

Shin Splints Calluses

Bunyan



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BursitisA bursa is a fluid filled sac. They are located around

joints and reduce friction and ease movement astendons or muscles pass over bones or skin.



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Musculoskeletal Disorders Part 7 Sports Injuries