NEAREAST a breeding ground for terrorism for terrorism

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breeding groundbreeding ground for terrorismfor terrorism

Outline

• what is terrorism– types > efficiency > reason

• Near East: a breeding ground for terrorism– background

• situation between Palestine and Israel– poverty > deficiency of democracy– Intifada I + II > role of religion– perceptions and feelings

• what to do against terrorism

What is terrorismWhat is terrorism Near East Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism

terrorism (1/4)

• there is no global definition of terrorism

• a “terrorist” for one could be a “freedom-fighter” for another

• spread of fear and destruction to achieve political or ideological goals

What is terrorismWhat is terrorism Near East Palestine and Israel what to do against

terrorism

types of terrorism (2/4)

• confused individuals

• revolutionary groups (e.g. RAF)

• ethnic minorities (e.g. PKK)

• religious extremists (e.g. Al-Qaida)


terrorism

efficiency of terrorism (3/4)

• they want political effect

• destroy infrastructure

• kill people

• rely on media


terrorism

reason of terrorism (4/4)

• poverty

– societies divided into poor and rich

– suffering can turn into violence

– it must not, but it can


terrorism


• deficiency of democracy

– basic rights are not provided

– use of harsh violence

– democracy tries to solve, dictatorship tries to suppress problems

What is terrorismWhat is terrorism Near East Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism


• mobilisation

– organiser: upper-class

– performer: middle-class

– use of conflicts as enhancer*

– identification with certain groups

> *enhancer - Verstärker

What is terrorismWhat is terrorism Near East Palestine and IsraelPalestine and Israel what to do against terrorismwhat to do against terrorism


• role of religion

– non-secular*, invokes* God

– cohesion + discrimination

– against assimilation

> *secular- weltlich | *to invoke sth - sich berufen auf

What is terrorism Near EastNear East Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism

background

• 1920: Palestine became mandated territory of GB after WWI

• 1922: GB assured to create a Jewish country in Palestine

• 1947: UN decided to create Palestine and Israel

• Arabic states did not accept Israel

What is terrorism Near EastNear East Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism

What is terrorism Near East Palestine and IsraelPalestine and Israel what to do against terrorism

Poverty (1/7)

• 70 % of Palestinian live in poverty

• 220.000 families need international help

• 1 of 5 children is undernourished*

• military attacks, destroyed infrastructure, frozen tax-money

• reduction of European help after 2006

> *undernourished - unterernährt


country Germany Israel Palestine

GDP- gross domestic product

1.700 billion

85.7 billion

3.8 billion

GDP - Per head 20.400 16.400 1.100

Inflation 1.5 % 11.3 % 11 %

UN ranking of living standards

19 of 177 22 of 177 102 of 177

• 7 times more investment in West-Jerusalem than in East-Jerusalem (occupied since 1967)



deficiency of democracy (2/7)

• no real regime in Palestine

• PLO was founded in 1964

• 1996: first election of parliament and president

• 2006: extremist Hamas party was elected

Intifada I + II (3/7)

• Arabic word : “stand up”

• first Intifada was in year 1987

• second Intifada was in year 2000

• over 1500 Palestinian and 525 Israeli died


Israeli settlements in West Bank (4/7)

• after 1967 : forced settlements in West Bank

• settlements violate international law (Geneva Convention, Article 49/2)



Palestinian refugees (5/7)

• 1948: 700 000 refugees fled out of Israel

• 1967: 350 000 refugees fled out of West Bank

• fled to other Arabic countries


role of religion (6/7)

• also a conflict about Jerusalem:Wailing Wall, Holy Sepulchre*, Al-Aqsa Mosque

• Jerusalem should be a neutral enclave after UN

>*Holy Sepulchre - Grabeskirche



Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Wailing Wall

Palestinian perception (7/7)

• Arabs denied state Israel already in 1947

• 80 % think violence must go on

• 46 % consider a new Palestine including Gaza and West bank

• 46 % consider a new Palestine including Israel


Israeli perception (7/7)

• Israel = promised land

• settle down and establish a new community

• Arabic states and suicide attacks cause a threat


a solution is due* now !

> *due - fällig

What´s terrorism Near East Palestine & Israel what to do what to do againstagainst terrorismterrorism

fight against terrorism

• uniform definition of terrorism

• need of international policy

• improve social development

• need to spread democracy

further informationfurther information

DVD: PARADISE NOW

Two Palestinian man are sent to Israel to execute a suicide attack, but then something happens which no one ever considered…

thanksthanks

pictures by Steve Bent, a photograph of the Sunday Times of London. Currently he is in Iraq. He allowed me to use his pictures for a non-commercial purpose in my presentation today. Herewith, I want to thank him for this.> * http://homepage.mac.com/stevebent13/Menu2.html

- special thanks to Felix T. and Lisa T. for their support -

http://homepage.mac.com/stevebent13/Menu2.html

sourcessources

Terrorism• Terrorismus – Kai Hirschmann,

eva | Sabine Groeneworld Verlag

• Die sinnlose Gewalt – Caleb Carr,Heyne Velag

• http://www.jochen-hippler.de

Near East• “Information zur politischen Bildung”

• http://www.aref.de/kalenderblatt/mehr/israel-nahostkonflikt.htm

• http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~ijones/Palestine.html

• http://www.netzpunkt.de/konflikt/palaestina/land.htm

thank you for your attention

Documents

NEAREAST a breeding ground for terrorism for terrorism