I'

Examiners' Report

NEBOSH LEVEL 3 CERTIFICATE ININ CONSTRUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY • have to take the prevailing weather conditions into account and especially the

presence of high winds which would have an effect on the control of the load.

Answers to this question were generally to a good standard. Most candidatesdemonstrated a good knowledge of the issues surrounding lifting operations thoughsome restricted their answers to mobile cranes whiist others, though mentioning theweather, did not explain its significance to the lifting operation.

(8)

i;"~Du/line control measures to reduce the risk from contact with the , .. ,~~"overhead power lines. ,( ''<. ':,

". i •• 1;" ..••"ll

For this question, reference to HSE Guidance Note GS6 wdU!d hay~·g;ven candidatesthe information they needed to provide a good answer Rfompting tnem initially to have

highlighted the necessity of consulting the electricny S~pply company with a view tomaking the lines dead and to obtain written '~pnfirmatibn that isolation had beenachieved. If isolation was not possible, advictj'stlfluld' pe obtained from the supplycompany on a safe working distance and W!lf.~LJ\ipn~ introduced such as the erectionof goalpost barriers and warning signs; filling plqf1t with height restrictors coupled withaudible warnings in the cab; ensuring, th'!l spgil heaps were kept away from the

overhead lines; using competent'~ar*~'m!On; and communicating the safety

precautions to the operatives by ml;!~Gs'~f, for example, tool box talks.,,",,-.-.,- <:> ••• ,,~

Answers to this question wer{disa~~oi~ting. There was little reference made to GS6and candidates genera!ly.gid :.r"! coffer the broad selection of control measuresrequired. Some sugge§!ecj.;;~ traffic management scheme whilst others detailedmeasures to protect trllrch stability and to prevent vehicles falling in, in both casesignoring the refere'1c,e ir the question to reducing the risk from contact with overheadpower lines. ~~~'"'~.

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Ground works are being planned on a site crossed by high voltageoverhead power lines. The work will involve the use of excavators andtipper lorries to remove spoil from the site.

Question 11

2

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3

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Comments on individ\1al'q\ji;~!!9Rs·~t"<·.J;V- \~ "'.'

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Introduction

General comments

CONTENTS

PAPER NCC1:MANAGING AND CONTROLLING HAZARDSIN CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

DECEMBER 2009

© 2010 NEBOSH, Dominus Way, Meridian Business Park, Leicester LE19 1aW

tel: 0116 263 4700 fax: 0116 282 4000 email: info@nebosh.org.uk website: www.nebosh.org.uk

The National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health is a registered charity, number 1010444

T(s):exrptslF/NCC1 0912 EXTERNAL DW/OAlfREW10 EXTERNAL

..

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. "', tA Ilhin~ opeiiMion is to be carried oul with the use of a crane hired for thePl!rfJdse

-.." .Ouihne Ihe main items 10 be checked by the person appointed to have8v~rall control of this operation. (8)

The person appointed to control the lifting operation would need to carry out an initialassessment of the operation to take account of the ground conditions for theproposed site of the crane and the presence of any overhead obstructions such aspower lines. They would have to ensure that the lifting appliance and the associatedequipment were suitable for lifting the load and were marked with their safe workingloads and that there was documentary evidence to show that the requiredexaminations, inspections and maintenance had been carried out. Foiiowingconsultation with everyone involved, he should then put in place botll procedures forreporting incidents and defects and a plan to ensure effective coordination of theDperation ensuring that all personnel concerned such as the crane driver, slinger andbanks man were competent to carry out their duties and fuiiy conversant with the handsignals or other means of communication that were to be used. Finally they would

y' ;. "~""',.--1"--In answer to part (a) of the question, candidates could have refer;'~cl:'to types of

respiratory protective equipment such as disposable facel. mas~s;" half-maskrespirators; high-efficiency respirators; positive pressure pth,!er~il respirators;powered visor or helmet respirators; breathing apparatus c{ji1nect~d !6 a compressedair source and self contained breathing apparatus connebted ta a cylinder. Manycandidates were unable to outline four types of Rp.E;·;or if ihe9 did, to name themcorreclly. 1\;, ,;W,.,.

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For part (b), factors to be considered in ~telec!in~ 'the most suitable RPE foremployees at risk from exposure to air-borrill'cqi1\amlnanls include: the nature of thehazard and ensuring the correct type of equiprrl13ni Ibr the task; the level of oxygen inthe atmosphere; the protection factoraAd efficiehcy of the equipment; the availabilityof replacement cartridges and the d~gr#ll ...pl maintenance required; the measuredlevel of contaminant and thewprR' ex~osure level (WEL) for the contaminant; theperiod of exposure; compa,tibiiitY'jwiHi'other personal protective equipment: the

suitability for the particuiar fus~r witH,irespect to field of vision, comfort and fit and theprevailing weather conditioHs.:i! the· equipment is to be worn outdoors.

,;;' .ri'o.

There were few g6~\h'~hsw~rs provided for the second part of the question.Candidates did nol' rel~ie tfill nature and level of the contaminant to the protectionfactor or efficiency cli ;the equipment. There was little reference to work exposurelimits.

Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) can protect workers on aconstruction site from exposure to hazards such as dusts, vapours andgases.

NEBOSH (The National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health) was formed in 1979as an independent examining board and awarding body with charitable status. We offer acomprehensive range of globally-recognised, vocationally-related qualifications designed to meet thehealth, safety, environmental and risk management needs of all places of work in both the private andpublic sectors.Courses leading to NE BOSH qualifications attract over 25,000 candidates annually and are oll~red byover 400 course providers in 65 countries around the world. Our qualifications are recognisea· by therelevant professional membership bodies including the Institution of Occupational Safety ·flnd l'1ealth

(IOSH) and the International Institute of Risk and Safety Management (IIRSM) .• no ·F\,,,Jt·

NEBOSH is an awarding body recognised and regulated by the UK regulatory authoriti~'s: '\~.,,"b ~h, !

The Office of the Qualifications and Examinations Regulator (Ofqual) in ~ngland""'7'"The Department for Children, Education, lifelong Learning and Skills (DCELLSl in Wales

The Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment \CC~A) in Northern Ireland

The Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) in Scotland ",.f .:~<;J':iF.·

NEBOSH follows the "GCSE, GCE, VCE, GNVQ and AEA cpd~ of ~ra~i;be 2007/8" published by theregulatory authorities in relation to examination setting and'niarking(aVailable at the Of qual websitewww.ofQuaI.Qov.uk). While not obliged to adhere to this code, NESOSH regards it as best practice to

do so .• \":"'<'",JCandidates' scripts are marked by a team of Exa;j'1il1erJ'appointed by NEBOSH on the basis of theirqualifications and experience. The standard :61 thiiquallfication is determined by NEBOSH, which is

overseen by the NEBOSH Council comprisin~' nomi~~es from, amongst others, the Health and SafetyExecutive (HSE), the Confederation of ~fitisr.lri(jUs!ry (CBI). the Trades Union Congress (TUC) andthe Institution of Occupational Safety. arit! .flealtfi (laSH). Representatives of course providers, fromboth the public and private sectors, Ilre elected to the NEBOSH Council.

""2.:f;' .

This report on the Examinatiori'provid~S information on the performance of candidates which it ishoped will be useful to candl8<iteg and tutors in preparation for future examinations. It is intended tobe constructive and informatilie'.qn.d 10 promote better understanding of the syllabus content and theapplication of assessm~ht criteriit

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© NEBOSH 201 R~\'i'/" q

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".., \,Any en~lfles~bp~t!hiS report publication should be addressed to:

NEBOS~ •... ,~Ddfninus WayMeridian,Business ParkLeicesterLE101QW

Tel: 01162634700Fax: 01162824000

Email: info@nebosh.org.uk

(4)

~\, (4)

Outline Ihe factors thal should be considered in order tD select

the mosl suitable RPE for employees al risk from exposure 10air-borne contaminants on a construction site.

Outline FOUR Iypes of RPE Ihal can be used in conslructionactivilies 10 protect againsl such hazards.

(b)

(a)

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Question 9

Question 10

9 EXTERNAL 2 EXTERNAL

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~!l:m~r~1C~mm!l:nt~Question 7 Explain the actions that site management might consider in order to

reduce levels of occupational stress amongst employees on site. (8)

Many candidates are well prepared for this unit assessment and provide cDmprehensive and relevantanswers in respDnse tD the demands of the question paper. This Includes the ability to demDnstrateunderstanding Df knDwledge by applying it to workplace situations.

There are always some candidates, however, whD appear tD be unprepared for the unit assessment

and who shDW bDth a lack Df knDwiedge Df the syllabus content and a lack Df understanding D(pDWkey concepts should be applied tD wDrkplace situations. """,.J,

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In order to meet the pass standard for this assessment, acquisition of knDwledge and 4rd"eJ1,tandlng

across the syllabus are prerequisites. HDwever, candidates need to demDnstrate lh ••!r,kfl~v.<Iedge andunderstanding in answering the questions set. Referral of candidates in this unit i~ invariably because

they are unable to write a full, well-informed answer to Dne or more Df the q~1~!!PA~.,•.~.:~.ld.

Some candidates find it difficult tD relate their learning tD the questiDns and I~a re~ult Dffer respDnsesreliant Dn recalled knowledge and cDnjecture and fail to demonstrate ll,s\J.fficieilt dsgree ofunderstanding. Candidates ShDUld prepare themselves for this voca«Dnal'(l~aminatiDn by ensuringtheir understanding, nDt rote-learning pre-prepared answers'il '::',,(' ""~

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Common pitfalls ,('f"'''~~'''j/r".' 11It is recDgnised that many candidates are well prepare~ for tn~ir,8'ssessments. However, recurrent

~:~:ss~~~~utlined below, continue to prevent s~,;~..~:.:tdatI'S reaching their full potential in thel""i;

_ Many candidates fail tD apply the ~1!~iQ..princ!ples Df examinatiDn technique and for some

candidates this means the differl:ric~:;~~tweein a pass and a referral.::':". "'f~?,,-.-.o,~

In SDme instances, candid"tes"ijre failing because they do not attempt all the requiredquestions or are failing to pfov!,fe complete answers. Candidates are advised to alwaysattempt an answer to ii' compiilspry questiDn, even when the mind gDes blank. Applying basic

health and safel~,,~.~~~~e~~nt principles can generate credit worthy points.

Some candidat~ f\lll tq'ari~wer the question set and instead provide information that may berelevant to !helopic t)lJ! is irrelevant to the question and cannot therefore be awarded marks.

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Many candldijieS'f~i1 to apply the command words (also known as action verbs, eg describe,outlinj?, ete)" Command words are the Instructions that guide the candidate on the depth ofanS"l@f r!!lq~ired. If, for instance, a questiDn asks the candidate to 'describe' sDmething, then

{~~ m}fkS"\Nill be awarded to an answer that is an outline.~phliicandidates fail to separate their answers into the different sub-sections of the

. 9)jestions. These candidates couid gain marks for the different sectiDns if they clearly.," indicated which part Df the questiDn they were answering (by using the numbering from the

questiDn in their answer, fDr example). Structuring their answers to address the different partsof the questiDn can also help in IDgically drawing out the points to be made in response.

Candidates need to plan their time effectively. Some candidates fail to make good use of theirtime and give excessive detail in some answers leaving insufficient time to address all of thequestions.

Candidates should aiso be aware that Examiners cannot award marks if handwriting isillegible.

In answering this questiDn, candidates were expected tD explain that the Dptions thatare available to management to reduce stress levels amongst their employees includethose related tD the environment and thDse associated with organisational, jDb andindividual stress factors. In the former categDry, actions include reductiDns in nDiselevels, provisiDn of adequate levels of lighting, the provision Df adequate, welfarefacilities and the maintenance of a high standard Df hDusekeeping. For th'\; laller,actiDns might be those related to workJlife balance such as discouraging the 'Neckingof excessively IDng hours; intrDducing job rotation and increasing work variety;drawing up clear jDb descriptions and taking steps tD match ind"ivid~als to thedescriptiDns; providing good levels of cDmmunicatiDn, seeking th\l'vie'J1,~6f employeesand invDlving them in decisions; introducing and implem\!fltin9 pDliFies to CDverharassment, discriminatiDn, viDlence and the investigatiDn ci(cDmlllaints and ensuringadequate levels Df supervisiDn with supervisDrs trained to r~s~gni~e the symptDms of

stress so that ameliorative actiDn can be taken or, in ~xtreme cases, so that thoseaffected might be offered cDunselling .. j",..i"L.

Answers to this question were to a reasonable·~tandard"though candidates in general

tended to concentrate Dn jDb and envirpn11l~h(~1 i~sues involved but less so onpolicies and procedures. <' 'is.",;-,

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Question 8 A major hazard on a refurbishrpent groj~'9t is fire.;~ '"

(a) Identify THREE tlctiritifl$, rr$t represent an increased fire risk insuch a situatiDn,: "~ <.•,. (3)

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(b) Outline th",'prfi,~au1ions that may be taken to reduce the risk of a

fire o~f;wrinii·~",. (5)

{i\~~Y"In answ!lring·'p~rt. (a) Df the question, few candidates were able tD identify activities

sucha~ )ldi',~b'ik, for example cutting and welding; the use of flammable orCDl]lbu)tible materials; electrical work where defective equipment might be used or

Hi~!l!~~tri"~1 'system overlDaded; individuais smoking and burning rubbish on site.'\<:. >~4~".

'\, In "pair (b), Examiners required candidates to outline precautions such as they' ." :, .....if1§pection and testing of electrical systems and equipment; the use Df permits to workti 'i':, fDr hot work and inspection of the work area bDth during and after the completion of'\.. " ¥ the work; arranging for the regular clearing away Df accumulated rubbish; the proper

' , storage Df flammable and combustible materials; prohibiting bDnfires on site; thecontrol of smoking particularly since this is now prohibited at a place Df work; andaVDiding the risk of fire by fabricating compDnents off site .

Answers to part (b) were ID a better standard though some candidates seemedunaware of task specific cDnsiderations and cited generai fire precautions. SDmereferred to the provision of fire extinguishers as a precautionary measure perhapsfDrgettlng that the questiDn was abDut preventing fires rather than putting them oul.

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EXTERNAL 8 EXTERNAL

Question 5 A wooden pole ladder is to be used as a means of access to a scaffold.

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.M~.~,~~ltl~,~~.~"c.~~,~!~~'ht~"~~~~t~.~,~~·.~~n~,~~,~~tl~~.,~~~'~!tl~s"~,.;,..,,"~,,.,Outline the features of the ladder that shoutd be considered for

inspection, in order to ensure its suitability for the job. (8) Question 1 The provision of mains drainage to a viilage involves excavating to adepth of 2. 5 metres along the main street.

(8)

(7)

"\.(13)

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!~the control measures that would be necessary to reduce therisks.

the hazards AND risks that may arise from this work;(a)

(b)

Outline:

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In answering part (a) of the question, candidates shoulp'haVe, outlined hazardsincluding: collapse of the sides of the trench; the possibilitj',of peopleand/or vehiclesfalling into the excavation; being struck by material falling into,:the.;excavation; floodingdue to water ingress; the collapse of adjacent strlJetures; being struck by plant orvehicles using the main street; contact with burilld, s{,rvices and overhead lines;contact with moving parts of machinery; the ,t)~~ard1Lassociated with noise andlorvibration and those arising from the manual handlirig pt pipes; and health issues such

as leptospirosis and those arising from contact ~:h,?Phiaminated land.

Answers to this part of the question:iwe~e"tp,a"reasonable standard, though somecandidates were unable to dlsting)Jish beMe,en a hazard and a risk. A few describedthe control measures that should)J~rpufi" place and then were obliged to repeat whatthey had written in answer to !~aset;ond part of the question.\ ;.For part (b), candidates,VJIiGi Rad,dGtlined a good range of hazards and risks werethen in a good positlon't06lJtllne the required control measures. Initially, they couldhave referred to meil!;Ure§' associated directly with the excavation work such as theprovision of shoring! .edge pibtection and good means of access; the use of pumps tocontrol water ingress; the detection and marking of cables and services; hand diggingwhen the possil)i1ity of coming into contact with buried services arose; restricting theheight of-eqUjpment used if there was a danger of coming into contact with overheadcables~nd;st&iti~ spoil and materials away from the edges of the excavation.Additlo~ailyit"Would be necessary to introduce measures to counter the hazardsarisingJrom' hoise and vibration such as the provision and use of hearing protectionaQd',estii6t1ng the time that employees used vibrating equipment. Finally, candidates

'\, wer" "'expected to consider traffic management issues and demonstrate their"'flOlll'!iIJarity with the New Roads and Streetworks Act, Chapter 8, by referring to

rfteasures such as the use of cones and barriers to maintain a suitable distance from

edge of the trench; the use of diversions, traffic lights and appropriate signage; theprovision of routes for pedestrians giving protection from the excavation work andpassing traffic; minimising the time the excavation is left open; and ensuring thatthese measures were under the control of a trained and competent person. Whilst anumber of candidates identified many of the above control measures, there were fewwho referred to traffic management issues. Some identified measures but gave noindication as to what they were designed to control.

Ladders are a fundamental piece of construction equipment and improper selectionand use are the direct cause of many accidents. Consideration should initially begiven therefore, to ensuring that any ladder selected is suitable for its intendeg use, inparticular with respect to its length. Subsequent inspection should then ',~nsure,amongst other things, that the ladder has not been painted, that the stiles, hre nottwisted or split, that rungs are not broken, loose, worn or contaminated 'i"£ith ~re.ase,that no unauthorised repairs have been carried out and that there!>.is,il record of

previous inspections carried out of the ladder .. ,{ .,:'

This question did pose difficulties for a number of candidi"ti'!S '~hpJ~re unable toidentify the individual components of a wooden pole ladderi,Some mentioned groundconditions and the angle at which the ladder was placed -Ahish.JJas irrelevant sincethe question was concerned with the features of tt)El i~cJder. Some discussed metalladders which perhaps arose from a less than carllful reag,ing of the wording of the

question. A general statement that the ladde~:,shoyld'l)e in good condition was notsufficient to gain the marks available ...• ";\,( /.'

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4h. <~; ----:;

"'\·"1' "*A project involves the construction of loll) 1ilpi It;tlbncrete structure,including the installation of drains, on a broWhfield site. Up to 60 people

are likely to be involved in the~work,,~1arty one time.t·'} i~

tdentify the welfare faCilities)f;atshJ~/d be provided for such work.

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This was one of lhe!beHer answered questions on the paper with candidatesidentifying that the wellfare facilities that should be provided for employees include:washing facilities inchitling showers with hot and cold or warm running water withsoap and tdwel~ made available; a sufficient number of toliets and the provision ofchanging roorTls'\Nil1i separate storage for dirty and clean clothing. Facilities for dryingclothingwdlild,also be necessary as would a room set aside for taking meals andrefrll§iiinent. This room should be equipped with means of boiling water and heatingfciod"e~d a ~Iearly marked suppiy of drinking water. Marks were also available foridenHfying that provision for first aid treatment should be made and that an adequatestail,daid of lighting, heating and ventilation should be provided for the facilities. ifappfbpriate, separate facilities would be necessary for men and women.

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Question 6

7 EXTERNAL 4 EXTERNAL

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(8)

A leaking underground concrete reservoir has been emptied so that itcan be visually inspected prior to repair,

Outline the features of a safe system of work for the inspection team inorder to satisfy the requirements of the Confined Spaces Regulations1997.

Question 3

A safe system of work for the inspection of the underground reservoir woulq initially

entail a preliminary remote inspection followed by the compietion of a risk "l$,s~ssmentand the preparation of a safety method statement which should require the'i.Jiilisationof a permit to work system for entry; the provision of safe means "6f ~ccess and

egress; the stipulation of a minimum gang size of at least thr~€l per~rns one ofwhom should always be outside the confined space; the selection andlfaining of staffin confined space working; the isolation and locking off of yalyes Ip prevent theingress of water into the reservoir; the provision of gas m0'1jtoring while the work wasin progress; the provision of adequate lighting and ventilati9fl; arrangements for the

installation of an effective means of communication ~lllvieen those inside and outsidethe reservoir; the provision and use of personal pr~teqlj\l!' equipment such as hardhats, goggles and overalls and the provision of rescUEj"equipment such as breathingapparatus, resuscitatation equipment and a tripod in'th~ event of an emergency.

....:~... '•..\.« ;/

Whilst there were some good answers ~o;IFis (l'u~~tion, there were others which listedthe hazards involved but not, as req~ir!lR' the features of a safe system of work tocounter them. Some candidates referr~d in. general terms to the need for training andpersonal protective equipment, with2uI providing the additional detail required inanswer to an "outline" quest,oo"c;c",;"-A,

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, 'ti,.{l\ ..",Question 4 Outline practical ,,{!!Iy:S'\lfr~ducing the risk to employees when using an

electrical poweredCf;lment rti/xer on site. (8)" "\-,

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In answ~n~~ )tifS,Ruestion, Examiners expected candidates to refer to controlmeasur~!l ~~Stiij~: the provision of training and information to employees on the risksinvo!¥-\!d"and me precautions to be taken; the use of appropriate personal protectiveeq~ipriJ,"nt'such as eye protection and gloves to counter the corrosive and irritant

p:OI<~itf,'-s:of cement; the provision and use of dust masks to prevent the inhalation of" the,p6{)lent dust; ensuring the mixer is sel up on level ground and secured agai~'st

" ";,fllo,;,.ement; ensuring guards are in place and the engme cover closed to proVide,y" '''''<;, proiElction against moving parts; using a reduced voltage of 110 volts for the mixer

1\ }and connecting it to the supply through a residual current device (RCD); using heavy'le ,.;/' duty cables or cable covers to provide protection in the event of them being run over

by heavy vehicles; placing materials close to the mixer to minimise the amount ofmanual handling to be carried out; ensuring that the mixer is not overloaded and thatthe manufacturer's instructions with regard to loading are followed; ensuring that themixer is not left unattended whilst it is in operation and instructing operatives to reportall defects to a supervisor.

(8)

Identify Ihe information that could be included within a constructionphase plan as required by the Construction (Design and Management)Regulations 2007,

In answering this question, candidates could have identified the information to beincluded in a construction phase plan under the headings of a description of the

project, the management of the work, controlling risks and the health and safe.\y file. '

A description would include information on the nature of the project, key dat!l§1,detailsof the pariies involved such as the client and the CDM coordinator, .the',site"\lf theproject and its previous use if any, and the extent and location of eXisiing records andplans. ,.,i "."","~{

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The section of the plan concerned with management woul~: set ~bl.j! m~tters such asthe management structure of the project and the responsibilities of the variousmembers of the project team; the selection and contr01\gf g6ntractors and thearrangements for communicating and passing inforfflaii9n betiN'iien the project team,the designers, the CDM coordinator and the Rfifl~!RFihand other contractors; thearrangements for making site rules and for 9fjriging't!l~m to the attention of thoseconcerned; arrangements for the provision t)f·\.\i,!'lfareJa'cilities including first aid andfor the provision of health and safety trai')ing;''lfrangements for the identification andmanagement of activities involving ri§h~n!9 he~lttr and safety by carrying out riskassessments and preparing method ~ta~[i\'Elf!ls)and safe systems of work; and the

monitoring systems to be put in p'!~ce 'If ali~ifss compliance with legal requirements

and the site health and safety,~\!!\l~;~\<'7,c\,

The section on controlling fi~~~ wo~r9 cover the delivery and storage of materials andthe management of wa~te; 'traffic. management; lifting operations; work at height; theuse of hazardous sUb~tances;'health risks and the need for health surveillance; and

risks arising from '!~:~~pviHr~!iOn and manual handling.

Finally, the s~,ction ori\the health and safety file would describe its layout and format,the arrangeCJiellts for the collection and gathering of information and for passing it on

to the qPM,,:~q{~~r]iitor and the storage of the information received.'L.'f"·· ..", '"

Th~re~f'rip~\!fed to be some confusion between an initial site survey and thepOf)~!n'jqti'2r' phase plan and a distinct lack of knowledge of what the principalcqptrilctor should include in the latter document. In general, this question was poorly

"" answe'ied and it was disappointing to note that so little was known about a document

'\Ylri~his a key document for all construction work.

Question 2

Few candidates were able to outline the range of control measures necessary toreduce the risk to employees from a machine which is often found on constructionsites. Many candidates relied solely on the provision of personal protective equipmentwhilst others described measures to be taken in the use and storage of flammabiefuels perhaps not noticing that the question was concerned with an electricallypowered mixer. There was the occasional suggested soiution that ready mixedconcrete should be brought in so that the mixer wouid not have to be, used.

5 EXTERNAL 6 EXTERNAL

~