Neuroanatomy II: Systems, Pathways and Tractsmedicalneuropsych.com/.../CMG-NCTS-Neuroanatomy-II...CMG NCTS Neuroanatomy II - Compatibility Mode Created Date: 20200722021745Z

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Neuroanatomy II: Systems, Pathways and Tracts

Marc Norman, Ph.D., ABPPAmanda Gooding, Ph.D., ABPP

Department of PsychiatryNeuropsychology Clinical Training Seminar (NCTS)


2Courtesy of Erin Bigler, Ph.D.


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Neostriatum or striatum

• Caudate + Putamen– Receives all input to BG– Most cortical input is

excitatory (glutamate)– Output is GABA


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Lentiform

• Globus Pallidus + Putamen


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BG Pic


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Connections

• Commisure• Faciculus


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Homonculus


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Limbic• Homeostasis• Olfaction• Memory• Emotion


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Getting� Limbic• Limbic Function Key Structure• Homeostasis, autonomic Hypothalamus & neuroendocrine control• Olfaction Olfactory Cortex• Memory Hippocampal Formation• Emotions and drives Amygdala


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Limbic System• Olfaction and regulation of emotions, memory, appetite

drives, and autonomic and neuroendocrine control• These areas are interconnected by a variety of

pathways, including the fornix- connecting the hippocampal formation to the hypothalamus and septal nuclei


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Limbic Structures• Medial and anterior

temporal lobes• Anterior insula• Inferior medial frontal

lobes• Hippocampal formation• Basal ganglia

• Cingulate gyri• Amygdala • Medial thalamic nuclei • Hypothalamus• Septal area• Brainstem


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Sensory• Posterior Column pathway - proprioception, vibratory,

fine touch• Anteriolateral- pain, temperature, and crude touch


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Spine: Everyone should get one


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Motor Neurons• Upper motor neurons

– From cortex to spinal cord or brainstem• Lower motor neuron

– Out of CNS via anterior spinal roots (cranial nerves) to muscles in periphery


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Crossover• Medulla/spinal cord junction• 85% of motor fibers cross over• Contralateral/ipsalateral


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Motor System (medial)

• Anterior Corticospinal tract• Vestibulospinal tract• Reticulospinal tract• Tectospinal tract


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Corticospinal• Major motor tract• Most important pathway - pyramidal tract• Voluntary movement• From cortex to anterior horn cells in spinal cord


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Corticospinal Tract


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Internal Capsule• Corticospinal/corticobulbar fibers form part of it• From cortex to brainstem = corticobulbar


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Rubrospinal Tract• Small, unclear clinically• Rubrospinal tract decussates in the ventral tegmentum at

the level of the midbrain to the red nucleus• A portion of the anterior corticospinal tract decussates at

the level of the cervical spinal cord, just below the Pyramid


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Rubrospinal

• May play role in decorticate posturing


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The End is Here• Repent, for the time is Nigh

Documents

Neuroanatomy II: Systems, Pathways and Tractsmedicalneuropsych.com/.../CMG-NCTS-Neuroanatomy-II...CMG NCTS Neuroanatomy II - Compatibility Mode Created Date: 20200722021745Z