p

A NEW HISTORY OF

DOCUMENTARY FILM

Jack c. Ellis and Betsy A. McLane

.~ continuum

NEW YOR K. L ONDON

-

Preface

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

=

Contents

Some Ways to Think About Documentary

Description 1 Definition 3 Intellectual Contexts 4 Pre-documentary Origins 6 Books on Documentary Theory and General Histories of Documentary 9

Beginnings: The Americans and Popular Anthropology, 1922-1929 The Work of Robert Flaherty 12 The Flaherty Way 22 Offshoots from Flaherty 24 Films of the Period 26 Books 011 the Period 26

Beginnings: The Soviets and Political btdoctrinatioll, 1922-1929 Nonfiction 28 Fict ion 38 Films of the Period 42 Books on the Period 42

Beginnings: The European Avant-Gardists and Artistic Experimentation, 1922-1929 Aesthetic Predispositions 44 Avant-Garde and Documentary 45 Three City Symphonies 48 End of the Avant-Garde 53 Films of the Period 55 Books on the Period 56

v

ix

1

12

27

44

vi CONTENTS

Chapter 5 Institutionalization: Great Britain, 1929- 1939 57 Background and Underpinnings 57 The System 60 The Films 63 Grierson and Flaherty 70 Grierson's Contribution 73 Films of the Period 74 Books on the Period 75

Chapter 6 Institutionalization: United States, /930- 1941 77 Film on the Left 77 The March of Time 78 Government Documentaries 80 Nongovernment Documentaries 92 American and British Differences 97 Denouement 101 An Aside to Conclude 102 Films of the Period 103 Books on the Period 103

Chapter 7 Expansion: Great Britain, 1939- 1945 105

Early Days 106 Indoctrination 109 Social Documentary 113 Records of Battle 115 Films of the Period 118 Books on the Period 119

Chapter 8 Expansion: Canada, 1939- 1945 120

Founding of the National Film Board 121 Theatrical Series 122 Nontheatrical Films 125 Summary 126 Fil ms of the Period 127 Books on the Period 128

Chapter 9 Expansion: United States, 1941- 1945 130

Training 131 Indoctrination 131 Records of Battle 135 Social Documentary 138 Comparisons: Great Britain, Canada, the United States 141 Films of the Period 146 Books on the Period 147

--

•

CONTENTS

Chapter 10 The Unfulfilled Promise: Postwar Documentary, 1945- 1952 Personnel and Leadership 152 Sponsorship 155 Subjects ) 56 Approaches and Techniques 163 Final Observations 164 Films of the Period 164 Books on the Period 165

Chapter 11 In Pursuit of Excellence: National Film Board of

vii

148

Canada's Unit B, 1948-1964 167 Films of the Period 177 Books on the Period 177

Chapter 12 A New Channel: Documentary for Television, the "Golden Years," 1951-1971 179 Historical Background 180 Documentary Series 181 Special Characteristics of Television Documentary 189 Films of the Period 193 Books on the Period 195

Chapter 13 British Free Cinema and Social-Realist Features, 1956-1963 196 Critical Background 197 Free Cinema Films 197 Political and Cultural Context 203 Socia l-Realist Features 204 Films of the Period 206 Books on the Period 207

Chapter 14 Direct Cinema and Cinema Write, 1960- 1970 208 Historical Background 208 New Technology and First Films 210 Direct Cinema vs Cinema Verite 215 Effects on Documentary Subjects and Styles 218 Aesthetic and Ethical Considerations 222 Films of the Period 224 Books on the Period 225

Chapter 15 English-Language Documentary in the 1970s-Power of the People 227 Veteran Filmmakers 228 New Directions in Verite 235

viii CONTENTS

Social and Political Emphases 242 Historical Documentary 252 Films of the Period 255 Books on the Period 256

Chapter 16 English-Language Documentary in the 1980s-Video Arrives 258 Cable and Satellite Technology 260 The Personal Essay Film 262 The Historical Film 265 Strictly Political 270 Racial and Ethnic Minorities 271 Representing Gay and Lesbian Culture 279 Musk and Performance 287 Films of the Period 291 Books on the Period 292

Chapter 17 English-Language Documentary in the 1990s and Beyond- Reality Bytes 293

Business and Technology: The Bad and the Good 294 American Public Television 297 The Ken Burns Phenomenon 299 Canada Soldiers On 302 Developments in the United Kingdom 304 American Independents 310 Theatrical Documentary 316 Films of the Period 323 Books on the Period 324

Chapter 18 Some Other Ways to Think About Documentary 326 Technological Promises 327 Aesthet ics and Content 328 Finance 330 Intimate Doings of Reality 332 Newer Theory 334 The Future 335 Conclusion 338 Books on the Period 339

Appendices 341

One: Film Festivals 341 Two: Academy-Award-Winning Documentaries Three: The National Film Registry 351 Four: The Grierson Award 353 Five: The lda Awards 356

Index Acknowledgments from Betsy A. McLane

345

357 385

INDEX

ABC, 18 1, 186, 194,2 15,235,243,333 Abraham and Mary Lincoln: A House Di­

vided, 302 Academy Award-winning documentaries,

345-50 Action Statiofls!, 128 Adair, Nancy, 279, 282 Adair. Peter, 279, 282 Adato, Perry Miller, 255, 256 Addison, Joseph, 70 Ades, Lisa, 302 Adkin, David, 303 Advance/Newhouse. 261 "Adventures on the New Frontier," 186 A&E, 261, 296, 297 Aero-Engine, 74 Aesthetics, 44-45, 222-24, 328-30 L' Age d'or, 46 Agee, James. 148 El Agente agrotlomo (The County Agent),

147 Agitka,28 Agitprop, 28, 30, 78, 244, 271 Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer, 306,

324 Aileen Wuoronos: The Selling of a Serial

Killer, 306 a.k.a. Don Bonus, 276 Akomfrah, John, 275, 292 Alan Landsberg Productions, 333 Alatlis, 277 Alexeieff. Alexander, 122 Algren, Nelson, 222 Ali, Muhammad, 260 Alk, Howard, 255 All My Babies, 149-50, 162, 165,245

357

"An Allegation of Rape," 234 Allegret, Marc, 26 Alien, Steve, 221 Alpert, Jon, 248, 261, 296, 323 Alternative Media Center (of New York

University), 247 Always for Pleasure, 310 Alwyn, WiIliam, 11 5, 116 Amanpour, Christiane. 296 Amateur Night at City Hall, 289 America, documentary in. See also Direct

cinema; English-language documen­tary

battle records and (1941- 1945), 135- 38, 144

beginnings of (1922-1929), 12-26 British documentary v. (1930-1941)'

97-101 Canada, Great Britain, and (1941- 1946),

141-46 expansion and (1941- 1945), 130- 47 Flaherty, Robert, work of, 12-25 government productions (1930- 1941),

80-91 independents and (1990-),309-15 indoctrination and (1941-1945), 131-

35, 144 institutionalization and (1930-1941),

77- 104 internationalism and ( 1945- 1952), 157 leftist film and (1930- 1941), 77- 78 MOT and, 4, 30, 31, 37, 77, 78-80. 79,

92,93,100, 101 , 103, 122, 123, 138, 139,143,143, 158, 181, 182, 184, l89, 192

nongovernment productions (1930-1941), 92-97

358 INDEX

personnel, leadership and (1945-1952), 152-53, 154, 155

public television and (1990-), 297-99 social documentary and (I941-1945),

138-4 1, 146 sponsorship and (1945-1952),155,156 television and (1951-1971),180- 93 training films and (194 1-1945), 131

America Lost and Found, 266 American Documentary Films. 95 American Dream, 320, 322 American Experience. 298 An American Family. 222, 223, 224, 235.

240 American Film Center, 101 American Frontier, 154 American Hollow, 261 American Masters, 289, 298 American Movie Classics. 261 America's Answer, 9 America's War 011 Poverty. 274 Amos and Andy, 274 And So They Live, 90, 96- 97, 101,103, 193 Anderson, Lindsay, 197- 98.200.202,204,

205,206,207 Anderson, Max. 11 8 The Anderson Platoon, 225. 244 Anderson, Robert, 162, 165 Andersoll, Sherwood. 57 Anemic Cinema, 46 Angela: Portrait of a Revolutionary, 255 "Angola: Journey to a War," 185, 194 Angry Boy, 165 Angry Young Men, 196, 203, 204 Animal Planet, 295 Animated Cartoons: TI,e Toy That Grew Up,

161 Anka, Paul, 172, 173, 174,2 18- 19 "Annie Lee Moss Before the McCarthy

Committee," 190 Anstey, Edgar, 61, 63, 64, 68, 74,75, 107 Anthropology, in North America (1922-

1929),5,6, 12- 26 Antonia: Portrait of a Woman , 242, 256 Antonioni, Michelangeio, 221 AOL Time Warner, 319 Apollinaire, Guillaume, 46 Appal'hop, 248, 249, 274 Apple, 327

Applebaum, Louis, 123 Approaches and techniques (1945- 1952) ,

163- 64 Apropos de Nice, 47 Apted, Michael, 287, 291 , 308, 309, 323 Argonallts of the Western Pacific (Malinow-

ski), 5 "Argument in Indianapolis," 182, 193 Aristotle, 216 The Ark, 305 The Armies of the Night (Thompson), 4 Armitage, Simon, 306-7, 324 Army Film and Photographic Unit, 115 Amell, Richard, 88 The Arrival of a Train at the Station, 6, 338 Articles of War, 131 Artists Must Live, 162 Artkino, 187 The arts (1945- 1952),161 Asian Cine Vision, 275 Asquith, Anthony, 105, 107 TIle Assassination of a British Sentry, 7 Association of Documentary Film Produc-

ers (ADFP), 101 Association of Moving Image Archivists,

295 . Association of Realist Film Producers, 101 Astruc, Alexandre, 224 Atlantic Patrol, 122, 127 Atomic Cafe, 266, 291 Attack on a China Missi01l, 7 Attack on a Japmlese Convoy, 7 Attack! The Battle for New Britain, 137, 146 Attiro, 255 Auden, W. H., 67, 70 Aufderheide, Pat, 262, 273, 334 The Autobiography of a Jeep, 140, 146 Avant-garde, in Europe (1922-1929),

44-56 Avid Media Composer, 258. 327 L' Avventura, 22 1

Baboona,25 Bachelor's Pnrty, 221 The Back of Beyond, 164 The Back-breaking Leaf, 174-75, 177 Bagwell, Orlando, 274 Baker, Douglas, 88 Baldwin, Stanley, 102

r

INDE X 359

Ball. Joseph. 106 TIle Ballad of Baby Doe. 87 Ballet. 314 Ballet mecanique, 46 The Baltimore Plan, 164 The Band. 287 Bank Holiday. 105 Baptism of Fire, 134 Barbour. Malcolm. 234. 333 Barenaked in America. 287 Barenaked Ladies. 287 Barlow, Roger, 96, 122 Bames, John, 164 Barnes, Paul, 301 Barnouw, Erik, 252, 255 Barren. Elizabeth. 249 Barron. Arthur. 191. 195. 225 Barstow. Stan . 204 Baseball. 301 Basic Training, 189, 190,238 "The Basis of 'Film Eye' [Kill0 Glaz],"

33-34 The Battle for the Marianas, 137 TIle Battle of Algiers. 38- 39 The Battle of Britain, 133, 146, 153-54 TIle Battle of China. 133. 146 The Battle of Midway. 146 "The Battle of Newburgh." 185. 194 The Battle of Russia. 133. 145. 146 Tile Battle of San Pietro. 135. 136. 147 The Battle of the Somme. 9 The Battle of the Yalu. 7 Battle records

America and (1941-1945). 135- 38. 144 Canada and (1939-1945). 144 Great Britain and (1939-1945). 115-18.

144 Battleship Potemkin, 35, 40, 41, 52, 59, 64 BBC. 180.234. 252. 296. 298. 304. 306. 308.

312.333 B.B.G.-The Voice afBritain, 75 The Beatles. 172 Beaver, Chris, 268 Beddington. Jack. 107. 108 Beethoven. 224 Before Stonewall. 279. 282 Before They Are Six, 126 Belfast. Maine. 314. 323 Bell. Geoffrey. 75

Bell, Marlin, 317 Benet, Stephen Vincent, 87 Benjamin, Burton, 185, 194 Benjarnin, Mary, 266 Benjy. 148. 165 Benson, Lillian, 274 Berga: Soldiers of Another War, 270 Berkeley irJ the Sixties. 322 Berle, Milton, 180 Berlin: Symphony of a Great City. 47. 48,

50.51.52- 53.55.57.186.202 Berliner, Alan, 263-64 Berlinger. Joe. 261. 287. 322. 324 Berry. Chuck. 287 Berten, Pierre, 170, 172 Tlte Best Years of Our Lives, 153 The Betrayed. 305 A Better Tomorrow, 141 , 147 Beveridge, James, 122, 128 TIle Bicycle Thief, 149 Big Brother, 333 Biggie and Tupac, 239 Billy Liar. 205. 207 Biography. 296 Biography Channel. 296 «Biography of a Bookie Joint," 184. 194 Biography of the Motion Pictu re Camera,

161 Bird. Lance. 266. 267. 292. 299 Bird. Stewart. 253, 256 Birth and Death, 225 Bishop. Terry. 158. 160. 165 Bjerring, Gudrun, 125-26, 128 Black Audio Film Collective, 274- 75 Black Journal. 272 Black Stars i1l Orbit, 274 Black Tar Heroin: The Dark Elld of the

Street, 276 Black Wax. 289 Blackside. Inc .• 273. 274 Blair, Tony, 305, 306 Blanchard. Guy. 194 Blank. Les. 290. 291. 309-10. 311 Blitzstein, Marc. 92, 94 Block. Mitcheil. 236. 237. 255. 263 Blockade. 303 Blood and Fire, 174, 177 The Blood of a Poet. 46 Blood of the Bemts. 197

360 IND EX

Blood of the Condor. 222 Blood Transfusion, 109 Blossoms of Fire, 31 0 Blue Vinyl. 312 The Blues Accordin ' to Lightnin' Hopkins,

310 Blues Breaks, 290 Blumenthal. Jerry. 249 Blythe. Frank. 277. 279 Boas, Franz, 5 Bocheo, Steveu, 235 Bohlen. Anne. 256 Bonanza, 123 Bond, Julian, 273 Bond. Ralph. Jl4 Bonus March. 78 Boomerang. 87 Born into Brothels. 331 Borneo, 25 Boulevard des [taUens, 6 Boulting. Roy. 115. ll6. llB. 119 Boundary Lines, 163 Bourke-White, Margaret. 77 Bourne. St. Clair, 274 Bow[irlg!or Columbine, 319, 320, 324 Brabazon, lames. 313 The Braddock Chronicles. 321 Braddock Films, 32 1 Bradley. Ed. 192 Brady. Mathew, 4, 301 Braine. John. 203- 4 BrandoD, Lianne. 252 Brault. Michel. 174.211, 212- 13. 21 5. 217.

224. 225 The Brave Bulls, 84 Breathing Lessons: The Life and Work of

Mark O 'Brie», 276 Brecht. Bertolt, 96 Breitrose, Henry. 334 Brenton, Guy. 198 Brico. Antonia, 242 The Bridge. 46- 47. 53. 55. 139. 146 A Brief History of ErroJ Morris , 308 A Brief History of Time. 264. 322 Bright Leaves, 263 Bring 'em Back Alive, 25 Brirrg on the Night, 287, 309 Briski. Zana, 331 Britain. See Great Britain

British Film Institute, 197, 198,202 Brittain, Donald, 177,228-29 BriLten. Benjamin. 67. 70 The Broadcast Tapes of Dr. Peter, 284- 85.

286 Broken Dykes. 109 Broken Noses. 316 The Brooklyn Bridge. 29 1. 299. 300 Broomfield. Nick. 237-38. 239. 240. 241.

256.263.306.30~324

Brotherhood of Man. 163 Brother's Keeper, 26 1, 322 Brown, Andrew, 279, 282 Brown, Barry, 244 , 246 Brown, Bruce, 225 Brown, Rita Mae, 279 Bruck, Terry. Jr., 255 Bruzzi. Steila, 335 Bryan. Julien. 139.140.147. 158.163 Bryans, Michael, 266, 291 Bryant, Baird, 266 Bryson. Lyman.190. 193. 22 1 Buba. Ton~292.321 Bucher. Jules. 139. 141. 146. 147 Buck. Frank. 25 Buena Vista Social Club. 287 Buftuel, Luis, 46. 47 Burden of Dreams, 291 . 310 "The Burma Surgeon Today," 186 Burma Victory. 116. 11 9 Burnford, Paul, 165 The Burnillg Question, 109 Burns, Amy Steckler, 301 Burns. Ken . 170. 184. 189.265. 291 .295.

299-302. 300. 301. 310. 322. 338. See also specific films of

Burns, Red, 247 Burns, Ric, 301, 302 Burstein, Nanette, 297 Burstyn. Sydney. 149 Bush, George, 320 Business and technology (1990s-), 294- 97 "The Business of Gambling," 194 "The Business of Health: Medicine, Money

and Politics," 190, 194 Butlignol. Rudy. 303

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, 51- 52 CABLEready. 333-34

h

INDEX 361

Cable/satellite technology (l980s), 260-62 Cadillac Desert: Water arid tile Transforma-

tiOIl of Nature, 312, 323 Cage, john, 231 Cagney, james, 78, 105 Caldwell, Sarah, 315 California Newsreel, 245, 247, 297 The California Reich, 316 Call Northside 777, 87 Cameras, 21, 22, 23,208,209,210,217,235 "Canada Carries On" (eCO), 122- 23, 123,

127, 128, 143 Canada, documentary in. See also English­

language documentary; National Film Board; Unit B

America, Great Britain, and (1941-1945),141- 46

battle records and (1939- 1945),144 developments in (1990s- ), 302- 4 expansion and (1939- 1945), 120- 29 indoctrination and (1939- 1945),

143- 44 internationalism and (1945- 1952), 158 NFB, founding of, 121-22 non theatrical films and (1939- 1945),

125-26 personnel, leadership and (1945- 1952),

153, 154-55, 155 social documentary and, 144, 146 sponsorship and (1945-1952), 155, 156 television and (1951 - 1971), 180 theatrical series and (1939-1945),

122-25 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

(CBC), 180, 284, 303, 304 Canadian Film Development Corporation,

303 Canadian Landscape, 128 Canby, Vincent, 29 1 "Candid Eye," 174, 175, 176 Capital Story, 141 , 147 Capote, Truman, 4 Capra, Frank, 116, 118, 132, 133, 134, 135,

140, 146, 147, 153,338 Capturing the Friedmans, 324 Carlton Television, 305, 307 Carnovsky, Morris, 95 Carr, Martin, 184 Carsoll, Johnny, 221

Carson, L. M. "Kit," 235, 255 Cartier-Bresson. Henri. 92 Carville, Tames. 313. 314 TI,e Case ofCharf;e Gordon, 127 Cassavetes, John, 210, 222 A Ca tered Affair, 22 1 Cavalcanti, Alberto, 47, 48 , 49. 55, 61, 64,

66,67,69,70,75, 108, 109, 11 2, 142, 152 . See also specific films of

CBS, 181, 182, 184, 185- 86, 189, 191, 192, 195,296

CBS Reports, 182, 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191 , 194

The Chair, 213, 216, 219, 220, 225 Challenge for Change (1970s), 245-47, 251 Chamberlain, Neville, 93, 105, 106, 107 ChanK, 24- 25 Channel Incident, 107 Chaplin, Charlie, 2 Chaplin 's Coliatl!, 308 Chasnoff, Debra, 298 TI,e Chicago Matemity Center Story, 249,

256 Chicago Sun Times, 318 Un Chien andaloll, 46 Children at School, 68 The Children Must Learn, 96 The Ch ildren of Canada, 251 Children of Chemoble, 305 Children of the City, 114, 118 Children of War, 260 Children on Trial, 148 "The Children Were Watching," 186, 194 China Strikes Back, 93, 103 The Chinese jn Hollywood, 276 Chopra, Joyce, 225, 242 Choy, Christine, 275-76, 292 Christmas at Moose Factory, 277 "Christmas in Korea," 181- 82 Chronicle of a Summer. 213. 214- 15, 216.

217 Chulas Fronteras, Del Mero Corazon, 310 Churchill, Bob, 96 Churchill, joan, 237-38, 240, 241 , 256, 306,

307,324 Churchill, Winston. 107, 11 6, 134 Churchill's Island, 122, 128 Cigarrette Blues, 310 Cinema Quarterly, 62

362 I NDEX

Cinema verire, 68, 164, 186, 206, 229, 234, 235,236,237,240,241,254,259,272, 291,313,314,3 18,327,333,334,338

aesthetic and ethical considerations of, 222-24

direct cinema and (1960-1970), 208-26 new directions in (19705), 235-42 subjects and styles of. 218-22 technology and first films of, 21O-1S

Cinematographe. 208 Cinemax, 260, 296 Circle of the Sun, 177 Citizen Kane, 1> 135 Citron, Michelle, 236, 241, 256, 263 The City, 47, 90, 91, 94- 96, 97,100, 101,

103,115, 154, 156, 190 City of Gold, 1, 169, 170, 171 , 172, 177, 221,

246, 299 City symphonies, in Europe (1922-1929),

48-53 The Civil War, 299, 300, 301, 322, 338 Clair, Rene, S6 Clark, Kenneth, 106, 107 Clarke, Shirley, 225, 232 "A Class Divided," 299 Clayton, Jack, 206 Clearing Enemy Mine Fields, 131 Clinton, Bill, 313 Close Quarters, 112 Close-Up!, 186, 187, 190, 194, 195,215,221 CNN, 261, 296 Coal Face. 62, 63, 67, 70, 75 Coal Mining Women, 249 Coastal Command, Ill. 118 Cocteau, Jean, 46 Cohn, Arthur, 308 Cold Front, 140 The Cold War, 253, 323 Coilins, Judy, 242, 256 Colonial House, 333 Color Adjustment. 274 The Color of Honor, 276 Columbia Pictures, 122 Columbia Revolt, 244 Come Back, Africa, 210 Comic Book Confidential, 303 Coming of Age ill Samoa (Mead), 5, 18 Coming Out Under Fire. 275. 298

Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt. 284,292

Complaints of a Dutiful Daughter. 323 Concert of Wills: Making the Getty Cemer,

314,323 The Congress, 299 The Connection, 307 Contact. 74 Contemporary Film Historians, Inc., 92 COl1versatiorls with Willard Van Dyke, 95 Cool RUllnings: The Reggae Movie, 289-90 The Cool World, 232 Cooper, Budge, 114, 118 Cooper, Gary, 105, 185 Cooper, Merian C, 24-25, 26 Copland, Aaron, 95, 141 COPS, 234, 235, 333 CoronatiOrl of Nicholas I/, 7 Corporation for Public Broadcasting

(CPB),297 Corml, 168, 169, 177 The Cosby SholV, 274 Coutant, Andr', 210, 217 Coutard, Raoul, 2 15 Couturie, Bill, 284, 292 TIle Covered Wagon, 38 Coverup: Behind the Iran Contra Affair, 271 Coward, Noel, 112 Cowley, Malcolm, 92 Cox Communication, 261 The Cradle Will Rock, 92 Cran, Bill, 298 Crawley, Budge, 122 Crawley, F. R., 128 Crawley Films, 156 Creation According to Genesis. 165 "Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commit-

ment ," 93, 103, 194,269 Cronkite, Walter, 186. 191 Crosby, Fioyd, 84, 86, 87, 88 La Crosiere floire (The Black Cruise), 26 "Cross of Gold," 100 Crossley, Callie, 274 Crowley, John, 266 Crown Film Unit, lOS, 109, 110, Ill, 112,

113,140,142,148, 154 Crumb,323 A Cry from the Grave, 305 "Cuba: Bay of Pigs," 185, 195

-

INDEX 363

«Cuba: The Missile Crisis," 195 cummings, e e, 25 The Cummington Story, 141, 147 Curtis, Edward, 6-7, 7. 12 Cutler, R. I., 313, 323 Cyprus Is an Island, 158, 164

da Silva, Howard, 94 Dali, Salvador, 46 Dallas, 234 Dalrymple, lan, 152 Daly, Tom, 122, 167, 168, 172 Daressa, Larry, 297 Dark Circle, 268 Daughter Rite, 236, 241, 256 Daumier, Honore, 47 David,222 David Holzman 's Diary. 235.236,237.255 David: Story of a Welshman, 148 Davis, Bette, 105 Davis. Elmer, 140 Davis, Peter, 184, 195,244,245,256 Tlte Day After Tri1lity, 266, 291, 312 A Day in the LIfe of Bonny COIlSU/O, 237 Daybreak hI Udi, 158, 160, 165 The Days Before Christmas, 174, 177 Days of Our Lives, 224 Days of Waitirlg, 276 D-Day Remembered, 270, 323 de Antonio, Emile, 228, 229, 230, 231, 255,

316 de Beaufort, Marc, 307 de Kruif, Paul, 86 De Leo, Maryann, 296 de Rochemont, Louis, 78. 79. 98, 103, 122,

138, 139 "The Death of Stalin ," 185, 194 December 7th, 135 TIle Decihle of Western Civiliza tion, 287 Deep Dish Satellite Network/TV, 247, 248 DeGauUe, 134 Del.ney, Shelagh, 203, 204 DeMille, Ceeil B., 41, 121 Demme, Jonathan, 287 Desert Victory, 115,116, 118,144 Destination Nicaragua, 271 Deutsche Panzer (German Tanks), 55 DeVinney, Jim, 274 Dewey Aboard the "Olympia" at Manilla, 7

Diagonal Symphony. 45 A Diary for Timothy, Ill , 11 3, 119 Dichter, Lee, 301 Dickson, Deborah, 314 Dickson, Paul, 162, 165 Dineen, MoUy,305- 6,323 Ding, Loni, 276 Direct cinema, 30, 164, 172, 174,186,189,

190,206,229,235,241,254,3 14 aesthetic and ethical considerations of,

222- 24 cinema verite and (1960-1970), 208-26 documentary subjects ,and styles of,

218- 22 historical background of, 208-10 new technology and first films of,

210- 15 Discovery ChanneUCommunications, 261-

62,295,296,297,336 Disney, 134, 139-40, 163 Disraeli, Robert, 165 Distribution, America v. Great Britain

(1930-1941),98- 99 Divide and Conquer, 133- 34, 146, 160 Does for Sale, 331 Documentary. See also English-language

documentary; specific countries Academy Award-winning, 345- 50 aesthetics and content of, 328- 30 continental realist tradition and, 5-6, 9,

46 definition of, xi, 3-4, 59 description of, 1- 3 finance and, 330-32 future of, 335-37 intellectual contexts of. 4-6 intimate doings of reality and, 332-34 naturalist (romantic) tradition and, 4-5,

9,23-24,33,72 newer theory of, 334- 35 newsreel tradition and, 5, 7, 27, 30 origins of, 6-9 other ways to think abou t, 326- 39 production method and technique of,

2- 3 propaganda tradition and, 4, 5, 7, 9, 27,

28,30 purpose/viewpoint/approach to, 2

The Documentary Channel, Canada, 303

364 INDEX

Documentary Film (Rotha), 4-6 Documentary Film Productions. 96 The Documentary Idea, xi Documetltary News Letter, 62. 200 Dogtown and Z Boys, 324 Domestic Violence. 314, 323 Dong, Arthur, 275,276,298, 323 The Donner Party, 301 Don', Look Back, 225, 287, 316, 338 Doob, Chris, 314 Dos Passos, John, 92 Dovzhenko, Alexander, 39, 41 Down from the Mountain, 313-14 Downtown Community Television Center

(DCfV), 248, 255, 296, 297 Dr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred E. Leu~

chter, Jr., 264 Dream Deceivers: The Story Behind lames

Vanee vs. Judas Priest?, 288 Drew, Anne, 314, 315 Drew Associates. 186. 194, 211 , 213, 215,

216,221,225,269,333 Drew, Robert, 186, 187,211,212,2 13, 215,

217,222,225,313,314,315,334,343. See also Drew Associates

Drifters, 4, 38, 60, 63-64, 73. 74 Drinkillg for England, 306- 7 Drums Along the Mohawk, 135 Dry Wood and Hot Pepper, 310, 311 du Luaft, Yolanda. 255 Duchamp, Marcel, 46 Dude. Where's My Country?~ 319 Dunham, Harry, 93, 103 Dunne, Philip, 140 The Durbar at Delhi, 6 Dyer, Gwynne, 266, 291 Dyke,actics, 285 Dylan , Bob, 287

"The Earth and Its Peoples," 165 Eastern Valley. 96 Eastman Kodak, 21 , 135, 179,210 Ebert, Roger, 265, 318 Eddie,222 Eddy, Nelson, 121 Edison Company, 6, 8, 208, 209 Educational Film Institute of New York

University, 96

"Edward R. Murrow Talks on Senator Mc-Carthy," 193

Eggeling, Viking, 45-46, 49 Eight Minutes to Midnight, 266 1848, 161 Einstein, Albert, 6 Eisenhardt, Bob, 314, 323 Eisenhower. Dwight D., 117 Eisenstein. Sergei, 28, 33. 39. 40, 41. 47. 59,

64. See also specific films of Eisler, Hanns. 93 Eldridge, john, 48, 165 The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (Wolfe), 4 Else, jon, 266, 273- 74, 291, 312, 313, 323 Elton, Arthur, 61, 63, 68, 74, 75, 107 Empire Marketing Board (EMB), 59- 60,

60-62,63,64, 121,122,139,154 The Empowerment Project, 271 Encyclopedia Britannica Films, 164 The Endless Summer. 225. 316 England. See Great Britain Engle, Morris, 209-10 English-language documentary

American independents and (1990-), 309-15

American public television and (1990- ), 297-99

Burns, Ken, phenomenon of and (1990-),299-302

business and technology (1990-), 294-97

cable and satellite technology and (l980s),260- 62

Canada, developments in and (1990-), 302- 4

Challenge for Change and (1970s), 245-47

emerging organizations and (I970s), 248-50

feminist institutions and (1970s) , 250-52

gay/lesbian culture and (l980s), 279-87 Great Britain, developments in and

(1990-), 304- 9 historical documentary and (1970s), 252 historical films and (1980s), 265-70 music, performance, and (19805).

287-91

INDEX 365

new directions in cinema verite and (1970s),235-42

Newsreel Collective and (1970s), 244-45 1970s, of, 227-57 1980s, arrival of video and, 258-92 1990-, of, 293-325 personal essay films and ( 1980s) , 262-65 political films and (1980s), 270-71 public access cable and (1970s), 247-48 racial/ethnic minorities and (1980s),

271-79 social and political emphases and

(1970s),242-52 theatrical exhibition and (1990-),

315- 22 veteran filmmakers and (I970s), 228-34 Vietnam and (1970s), 242- 44

Enough to Eat?, 63, 68, 75 The Entertainer, 206 Epic, in Soviet documentary, 37-38 Epstein, Andrew, 282, 284 Epstein, Jean, 56 Epstein, Rob, 260-61 , 279, 282, 283, 284,

291,292 Etheridge, Melissa, 282 Ethnic Notions: Black People in White

Minds, 274 Europe, documentary in

aesthetic predispositions and, 44-45 avant-garde and (1922-2929),44- 56 city symphonies and, 48-53

Evans, Walker, 4 Everest, 322, 323 Every Day Except Christmas, 198,200.20 1,

202,203,206 Excursion of the French Photographic Society

to Neuville. 7 Experimentation. in European film and art

(1922- 1929),44-56 Extreme Makeover, 333 Eyes on tile Prize I: America's Civil Rights

Years 1954-1965,273-74,292,312 Eyes on the Prize II: America at the Racial

Crossroads (1965-1985), 273-74, 292

Faces, 222 «Faces of Canada," 186 Fahrenheit 9/11,319, 320, 324, 338 Falkenberg, Paul, 165

The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty, 35, 35-37,42,52,57, liS, 186

Famous Players-Lasky, 15 Fang and Claw, 25 Fanning, David, 298- 99 Farkas, Nicholas, 165 The Farm: Angola USA , 313, 323 Farrebique. 197 Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control. 264 Father Cough/in, 79 Father Roy: Inside the School of AssassirlS,

271 Feeding the Baby, 6 Feelitlg All Right, 162, 165 Tile Feeling of Hostility, 162 Tire Feeling of Rejection, 162, 165 Feelings of Depressiorz, 162 Feely, Jim, 327 FeJtham Sirzgs, 307. 324 Feminist institutions (1970s), 250-52 Ferguson, Graeme, 321 Fernie, Lynne. 303, 322 Femo, John, 92, 93, 96, 103, 122, 125 Fiction. and Soviet documentary ( 1922-

1929), 38-42 Field, Cannie, 253, 254, 256 Fielding, Raymond. 143 The Fight for Life, 86, 87, 90, 100, 103, 249 Tile Fighting Lady, 138, 139, 146 Film and Photo League, 77-78, 80, 82, 92,

244 Film Canada Program, 303 Film Centre, 63, 101, 107 Film Committee of the Imperial Relations

Trust, 121 "Film Eye," 33-34 Film festivals, 312, 316, 318, 33 1, 332, 341-

44,343 Film Society MagazirJe. See Seque"ce Filmmakers

American v. British (1930- 1941), 98 veteran (1970s), 228-34

Films Beget Films (Leyda), 37 Films Division, 106, 107, 154, 158 Films of Reco rd, 234 Finance, and documentary, 330-32 Fine Line Features, 3 16. 318 Finis Terrae, 56 Fire from the Mountain, 27 1

366 INDEX

Fires Were Started, Ill, 118, 193 Firestone, Cinda, 255 The First Days, 106 First Steps, 165 FIX: The Story of all Addicted City, 303 Flaherty, David, 212 Flaherty Film Seminars. 212, 213. 252, 342 Flaherty, Frances, 14, 15, 19. 24, 71, 212,

231,342 Flaherty, Robert. xi, 5- 7,12, 13,14. 16.18,

23,27, 28.31,32,33,38,41,44,59, 60,64,66,74,88.89,90, 91,97, 103, llD, 149, 150, 151, 161 , 164, 165, 189, 209, 214,215, 216,218,220, 221 , 224, 227, 235, 245,255,295,299,300, 315, 321 , 326, 334, 338. See also specific films of

Grierson and, 70- 73 offshoots from, 24- 25 way of, 22- 24 work of, 12-22

The Fleet That Came to Stay. 138 Fieischman, Stephen, 194 Fletcher, John, 198 Flight of the Dragon , 125 Flower Films, 310 F1ynn, Errol, 116 Fog, 140 The Fog of War: ELevert Lessons From the

Life ofRobert s. McNamara, 264, 324 Fonda, Henry, 148 Fanda, Jane, 216 Food as It Might Be, 126 Food-5ecret of the Peace, 128 Food- Weapon of Conquest. 125. 128 Football/Mooney vs. Fowle. 216, 225 For All Mallkind, 316 For Auctiorl: An American Hero, 314 Forbiddell City U.S.A. , 275 Forbidden Love: The Unashamed Stories of

Lesbian Lives, 303, 322 Ford, John, 86, 93, 135,146, 153,197 TIle Foreman Went to France, 112 Forster, E. M., 113 42 Up, 323 Forward a Century, 164, 165 Tile Four Hundred Million, 93, 103 Four Liffle Girls, 323 Four Mm i'l Prison, 148

The Fourth Estate, 1 FOX, 333 Fox, John Langley, 234 France. See Cinema verite Franco, Francisco, 92, 93 Franju, Georges, 197 Fraser, Donald, 122 Fraser, Nick, 304- 5 Frazer, James, 5 Frazier, Joe, 260 Free Cinema, in Great Britain (1956-

1963),196- 207 films of, 197-203 political and cultural context of, 203-4

Freed, Fred, 195 Freud, Sigmund, 6 Freund, Karl, 51- 52 Friedman, Jeffrey, 260- 61 , 284, 292 Friedman, Peter, 285 Friendly. Fred W., 181, 193 From Forest to France, 9 " From Kaiser to Fuehrer," 186, 194 From Mao to Mozart: [saac Stern in China,

291,316 From T11ese Roots, 273 Fromke, Susan, 314, 323 The Front Line, 107 Frontier Films, 78, 92, 93-94, 95, 101-2.

See also Nykino Frontier House, 333 Frontline, 298, 299, 314, 330 FrontfinelWorld, 330 The Funeral of Queen Victoria, 7 Furie, Sidney, 207 Fury j" the Pacific, 138, 147

Gabriel Films, 3 12 Gaines, Jane, 334 Gap-Toothed Women, 310 Garbo, Greta. 105 Garbus, Liz, 313, 323 Garcia. Ana Maria, 271 The Garden, 314 Garlic Is as Good as Ten Mothers, 291, 310 Garner, Ray, 194 Gary, Diane, 301 Gas Masks, 39 Gasl, Leon, 323 Gates of Heaven, 264, 265, 316

INDEX 367

Gay/lesbian culture (1980s), 279-87 Gazeccki, William, 323 The General Line/Old and New, 40, 41 General Post Office (GPO)/Film Unit, 61,

62,63,68,70,105, 106,108, 109, 121 , 122, 154

Geopolitik-Hitler's Plan for Empire, 128 George Crumb: Voice of the Whale, 289 Georgia O'Keefe, 256 Gen, 305, 323 Germany, documentary in (1930-41), 102 Gertrude Stein: When This You See, Remem-

ber M e, 255 Getting Out the Coal, 126 "Ghandi," 190-91 "Ghosts of Rwanda," 299 Gide, Alldn!, 26 Gifford. Dau, 323 Gilbert, Craig. 222, 223 Gilbert, Peter, 316, 317, 323 Gimme Shelter, 222, 240, 255, 290,291 ,316 Giovannitti, Len, 194 GitIin, lrving. 185 Giuliani, Rudy, 336 Glaser, Gary, 262 Glass, Philip, 265 Global Air Routes. 125 Glover, Guy, 122 Go Furtller, 304 "Go Tell Aunt Rhody," 84 God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves

Us When We Dance, 310 Godard, Jean-Luc, 222 Godmilow, lill, 242, 256, 335 Gods of Metal, 271 Gold, Daniel B., 312 Gold Diggers of 1933, 222 The Gold Rush , 2 The Golden Bough (Frazer), 5 "GoJden Years" of television documentary

(1951-1971),179-95 Goldfarb, Lyo, 256 Goldovskaya, Marina, 328 The Golern, 52 Good Times, 274 Goodlife Channel, 333 Goodman, David, 271 Gordon, Clive. 305 Goretta, Claude. 198,206

Gosling, Maureen. 310 The Gospel According to AJ Green, 290 Government Motion Picture Bureau,

120-21 Governmental agencies. 4. 48, 71, 80, 81,

82,85,88, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, Ill, 112, 113, 115, 120-2 1, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126-27, 130, 133, 138-39, 140, 141, 142, 146, 149, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158,162,163, 164,167-78, 180, 182,211,217,218,228,231, 245,246,247,250-52,266,268,271-72,277,287,299,302-3,330

Graef, Roger, 234, 307, 324 The Grain That Built a Hem;sphere, 139 Granada Television, 180, 234, 253,305,308 Granton Trawler, 63, 64, 65, 74 The Grapes of Wrath, 135 Grass, 24, 26, 57, 303, 304 Gray, Lorraine, 253, 256 Gray, Michael, 255 Grayson, Heien, 141 , 147 Great Britain, documentary in, 4. See also

English-language documentary America, Canada, and (1941-1945),

141-46 American documentary v., 97-101 background and underpinnings of

(1929-1939),57-60 battle records and (1939-1945), 115-18,

144 developments in (1990-), 304- 9 EMB and, 60-62 expansion and (1939-1945), 105- 19 films of (1929- 1939), 63-70 Free Cinema and (1956- 1963), 196-207 General Post Office (GPO), 62 indoctrination and (1939- 1945),109-

13, 142- 43 institutionalization and ( 1929- 1939) internationalism and ( 1945-1952), 158 personnel, leadership and (1945-1952),

152, 154, 155 private sponsorship and, 62-63 social documentary and (1939- 1945),

113- 15,144 social-realist features and (1958-1963),

204--6 sponsorship and (1945- 1952), 155, 156

368 INDEX

system of (l929- 1939l. 60-63 television and (1951- 1971). 180 wartime developments and, 106- 9

The Great Road. 35. 42 The Great War, 252 Greaves, William, 271 , 272,273 "Greece: The Golden Age:' 194 Greene, Lom e, 123 Grey. Brad. 336 Grey Gardens. 217. 256 The Grierson Award, 353- 55 Grierson, John, xi, 3-4. 12, 16,25,38, 57-

65. 58.6~65.66.67. 69. 70. 77.80. 81.82.89.90.91. 95- 96. 97. 98. 100. 101.102.107.109.113.121.122.125. 126- 27. 130. 144. 146. 150. 153. 154. 155.157.158.160.167.168.176.180. 189. 196.197.200.201. 202-3. 206. 209.213.245-46. 299.300.305.310. 326. 329-30, 334. See also specific films of

contribution to documentary, 73- 74 Flaherty and. 70- 73 use of term «documentary" and, xi

Grierson Memorial Trust, 306 Grierson, Ruby, 68, 11 8 Griffith. David Wark. 41 Griffith. Richard. 101. 132 Groulx. Gilles. 211. 224 Grubin, David, 302 Gruenberg, Louis, 86 The Guardian, 307 Guernica, 161 Guggenheim. Charles. 269. 270. 299. 323

Hackenschmied, Alexander. See Hammid, Alexander

Hackford. Taylor. 287 Haddock. Mabel. 273 Haesaerts, Paul, 161 Hail. Hai4 Rock and Roll. 287 Haley. Jack. Jr .• 187 Half Life: A Parable for the Nuclear Age. 268 Half Past Autumn: The Life and Works of

Cordon Parks, 274 Halford. Rob. 288 Hall. Larry. 297 Halleck, Dee Dee, 247, 297 Halliwell, Geri. 306

Hamlet. 134, 224 Hammer. Barbara, 285, 322, 335 Hammid. Alexander, 93.14 1. 146,147, 165 Hampton, Henry, 273. 274. 292 Haruisworth Songs, 275. 292 Happy Mother's Day. 225 Harlan County. USA. 249. 256 Harrelson, Woody, 304 "Harvest of Shame," 183, 191,194,338 The Harvest Shall Come. 118 Hawes. Stanley. 122. 123. 128 Hawks, Howard, 222 Hayes, Isaac, 288 Hazam, LOll, 194 HBO. 260- 61 . 274. 284. 285. 296. 335 Headline News, 26 1 A Healthy Baby Girl. 312. 323 Hear It NolV, 181 Heart of Spain . 92 The Heart of Spain. 103 Heart of the Allgel. 306 Heart' and Mind,. 244. 245. 256. 316 Hecht, Ben. 57 Hegedus. Chris. 313.314.323 Heidi Fleiss: Hollywood Madame, 24 1 Heisler, 5tuart, 147 Helfand. Judith. 310-1 2. 323 Hellman, Lillian, 92 The Hellstrom Chronicle, 316 Hemingway, Ernest, 92, 93 Henderson, Rayrnond, 32 1 Hendricks, John 5.) 261 Herald-Examiner, Chicago, 58 Herbert, Charles, 88 Herbert Schiller Reads the New York Times,

248 Here Is Germany, 132 Herzog, Werner, 310 Heston. Charlton. 320 Hewer. Tim. 308 Hewitt, Don, 189 Heyer, John , 164 Heyerdahl. Thor. 159 "High Crimes and Misdemeanors," 299 High Noon. 84 High on Crack Street: Lost Live in Lowell,

296 High Over the Borders. 125. 128 High Plain. 139. 146

•

INDEX 369

High School, 189,233,255 High School1I, 314 The High Wall, 163 Highlander School, 94 Hill, Brian, 306-7, 324 Hill Street Blues. 235 Hiroshima-Nagasaki, August 1945, 252. 255 Historical documentary (I970s), 252 Historical films (l980s), 265-70 History and Memory of Takiko and Takas-

hige,276 The History Channel, 261, 303 History Lessons, 285 Hitchcock, Alfred, 105 Hitler, Adolph, 79, 93, 102, 109, 125, 133,

134,336,337 Hitlerjllnge Quex, 134 Hoffman, Deborah, 312, 323 Hoffman, Dustin. 284 Hoffman, Jobn, 336 Holdsworth, Angela, 306 Holland, Luke, 305 Hollywood and the Stars, 265 The Hollywood Reporter, 331 Holmes, J. B., 109, Ill, 118 The Holocaust on Trial, 305 HoIst, Gustav, 172 Home from the Hill, 305 Hoop Dreams, 249, 316, 317, 318, 323 Hopkins, Lightnin', 310 Hornbeck. William, 132 Hoeton, Miles. 94 TI,e Hoser Hosed (L'Arroseur arrose). 293 Hospiral, 189, 190 Hot Does, 332, 343 Hot lee, 127 "Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight," 84 Hott, Larry, 301 House and Garden. 261 The House 1 Live In. 163 n,e House 011 92nd Street, 87 Houseman.lohn, 141, 147 Housing Problems, 63, 68, 69, 75, 100, 101 Houston, Penelope, 197 Hovde, EUen, 256 How Green Was My Valley, 140 How the Myth Was Made, 245 Howard Hawks: An American Artist, 308

Hubbard, Frances, 14. See also Flaherty, Prances

Huey Long, 79 Human Remairls, 323 Humphrey, Hubert, 186,212,214,216 Humphrey Jennings: The Mat! Who Listened

to Britaitl, 308 Hunger, 78 "Hunger in America," 184 Huntley, Chet, 191 Al- Hurra, 333 Hurwitz, Leo, 78, 82, 92. 94, IQ3 Huston, John, 135, 136, 141, 146, 147, 152,

153 Huston, WaIter, 134, 135 Hyatt, Donald, 184, 194, 195 Hymn of the Nations. 141, 146

1. F. Stone's Weekly, 255 I Love Lucy, 181 I Spy, 274 I Was a Slave Labourer. 305 The IDA Awards, 356 Ida B. Wells: A Passion for Justice, 273 Identification of the Japanese Zero, 131 If YOll Love This Planet: Dr. Helell Caldicott

on Nuclear War. 266. 268, 291 IFC,297 I'll Find a Way, 251 I'll Make Me a World, 274 Images Medievales, 161 imagine: John Leflnon. 316 IMAX, 321, 337, 338 In Cold Blood (Capote), 4 In Heaven There is No Beer?, 310 In Memoriam: New York 9/11101,335,336 In the Land of the Head-Hunrers (Jrl the

Land of the War Canoes), 6, 7, 12 In the Year of the Pig, 230, 255, 316 In Which We Serve. 112 Incidellt at Ogallala, 309 Incident at Restigouche, 277 Independerlt Lens. 249, 298 Independent Television and Video Service

(ITVS), 297-98 Independent Television Authority (ITA).

180 Independent Television Commission

(ITC), 307-8

370 INDEX

Indoctrination, political America and (1941-1945),131- 35,144 Canada and (1939- 1945), 143- 44 Great Britain and (1939-1945),109- 13,

142- 43 Soviet Union and (1922- 1929), 27- 43

Industrial Britain, 63, 64, 73, 74, 89 L' lrzhumaine, 48 "The Innocent Years," 190, 194 Inside Daisy Clover, 197 Inside Fighting Russia. 125 Inside Nazi Germany, 79, 158 Inspirations (Me mid lsaae Newton), 309 Institutionalization

Great Britain and (1929-1939), 57-76 United States and (1930-1941), 77-104

International Documentary Association, 332

International Film Foundation. 163 International Motion Picture Division, of

V.S. State Department, 157 Internationalism (1945- 1952), 157- 58 Interviews with My Laj Veterans, 244, 255 Intimate Stranger, 263 Ireland, A Television History, 253 "Ireland: The Tear and the Smile," 186.

194 The Iron Horse, 38 Irving. David. 305 lrving, / udy, 268 Isaacs, Jeremy. 253. 256. 299, 323 Issari, M. Ali. 217, 218 It Happened One Night, 132. 140 It's Elementary; Talking About Gay Issues in

School, 298 Ivens, ]oris, 46-47. 48, 53, 54, 55, 56, 87,

88, 92, 93, 103, 122, 128. See also spe­cific films of

Ives, Stephen, 301

The Jackal of Nahueltero. 222 Jackson, Jesse, 288 lackson, Pat, 75,106, 111,118,152 /ackson,Stanley, 172, 174, 176, 177 /acoby, lrving, 122, 125, 127, 128,157,164,

165 lagger, Mick, 172,290,291 faj ai Efe au Bal-I Went to the Dance, 310 lames, Steve, 249, 250,316,317,323

Jarle, 216 Japan-Master of tIle Orient, 79 Jarecki, Andrew, 324 Jaszi, Peter. 273 Jean Taris, champion de natation, 47 Jennings Bryan, William, 100 Jennings, Humphrey, 61, 90, 106, 107, 109,

111,112,113,118,119,174,197,202. See also specific films of

/epson-Young, Peter, 284-85,286 Jersey, William, 225 John Henrik Clarke: A Great and Mighty

Walk, 274 /ohnson, Lyndon, 248 Johnson, Martin, 20, 25 Johnson, Osa, 25 Johoson, Tonl.266, 26~292,299

The Johnstown Flood, 269 Le 10li Mai (The Lovely May), 217, 228 Journey into Medicine, 165 Journey Together, 112 loyce at 34, 242 Joyee, James, 45, 46. 47 lulia,274 / ung, Carl, 6 Jurgens, Victor, 165 lllst a Wedding, 251 Justiceville, 262

Kael, Pauline, 291 Kar,ehsatake: 270 Years of Re5istarlce, 277 Kanin, Garson, 116,117,119.147,152 Karpathi, Geza, 92 Kartemquin Collective/Films, 249, 250,

256,316 Kauffman, Ross. 331 Kaufman, Boris, 28, 122 Kaufman, Mikhail, 28, 29 Kazan, Elia, 28, 78,92,94,103 Keene. Ralph, 158, 164 Keep It Clean, 131 Kemeny, John, 245 Kennedy, John F., 186, 212, 214, 216 Kennedy, Racy, 261 "Kenya." 186 Kerensky, Alexander. 30, 36, 40 Kerner, Ben, 165 Kernochan. Sarah. 255 Kerr, Robert, 321

IN DEX 371

Keuhl, Jerome, 295 Khrushchev, Nikita, 203 Kieffer. Doug. 23 1 Kilberg. Richard. 30 I Kim-Gibson, Dai Sil, 276 A Kind of Loving. 204. 207 King. Albert . 288 King. Allan. 222. 225 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 274 Kino. 78 "Kino Nedalia" ("Film Weekly"), 28 KitlO-Eye, 34, 42 "Kino-Pravda," 30- 33, 32, 40, 42. 44, 52,

57. 69. 235 Kinoy. Peter, 271 Kirsanoff, Dimitri, 55 Kitchell. Mark. 322 Klein. James, 256 Klein. Kim. 252. 253 Kleinerman, Isaac, 181, 185, 193, 194 Klemperer. Victor, 332 Kline, Herbert. 92 , 93, 103 Knight. Eric. 132 Kuow Your Ally-Britaiu, 132 Know Your Eucmy-Japan, 132 Koox. Robert. 66 Koenig. Wolf. I . 168. 169. 170. 171. 172.

173. 174. 177.225.299 Kon Tiki. 159. 315 Kopple. Barbara. 249. 256. 288. 320. 322.

334 Korda, Alexander. 106 Korty. [ohn. 312 Kroiter. Roman. 169. 171. 172. 173. 174.

177.225.321 Krumgold. [oseph. 97 Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 27 Kubrick, Stanley, 172 Kudelski. Stefan. 210. 217 Kuralt, Charles, 191

Labour Front. 125 Lacombe, Georges, 56 Ladies and Gentlemen. Mr. Leonard Cohen,

228 The Lady VatJ ishes, 105 Lalee's Kin: The Legacy a/Cotton, 314 Lambart, Evelyn, 128 Lambert. Gavin. 197. 198.200.202

Larnpson, 11ary, 230 The Land. 88-90. 89. 103 La,td of Promise, 144 Land Without Bread, 47 Lange, Dorothea, 4 Lang1ey. [ohn. 333 Lapping. Brian. 296. 323 Larson, Roy, 78 Las Madres: The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo,

279.280. 291 L.sky. lesse L.. 15.315 Lassally. WaIter. 198. 204-5 Lasse, Fred, 162, 165 Lassie Come Home, 132 The Last Laugh, 52 The Last Pullman Car, 249 The Last Waltz, 287 The Late Matthew Pascal, 48 Latino Public Broadcas ting, 279 Launching of "H.M.S. Dreadnought" by

King Edward VIl, 7 Law and Order. 189. 232. 233. 235. 255.333 Lawrence. D. H .• 198. 200. 202 Lawson, John Howard, 92 Lazin. Lauren, 312 Leacock. Phil. 162 Leacock. Richard (Rickyl. 149. 186. 194.

212.213.2 15-16.2 17-18.220. 222. 225.263.3 13.3 15.334.343. See also Drew Associates; specific films of

League of Nations, 79 Lean, David, 112 The Learning Channel, 261, 297 TI,e Leather Boys, 207 Lee, Spike, 323 Leenhardt. Roger, 161 Leger,Fernand,46,48,53 Legg. Stuart. 61. 63. 70. 75. 122.123. 124.

127. 128. 153. 157. 167.228 Leigh, WaIter, 66 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich , 5, 27, 30, 36 Leno. [ay. 22 1 Lerner, Irving, 78, 88, 96, 103, 140, 146,

165 Lerner, Murray, 29 1 LeRoy. Mervyn. 222 Let There Be Light. 136. 141 . 147 Let's Get Lost, 316 Letter from Camp Bordon, 127

372 IN DEX

Letters From Vietnam, 243. 244 Levine, Joseph, 216 Levitt. Helen, 148 Leyda, Jay, 37, 93 L'Herbier, Mareel, 48 Liberia: An Uncivil War, 313 Liberty Media, 261 The Library of Congress, 141, 147 Licensed to Kill, 275. 323 Lico, Gary, 333 Life, 77 The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter, 253,

254,256 Life irl Her Hands, 148 "The Lifer and the Lady," 299 Lighming Over Braddock: A Rustbowl Fml-

tasy, 292, 321 Ligh ts Out in Europe. 93, 103 Line to Tschierva Hut, 75 The Lion has Wings, 106 "Lippmann on Leadership," 182 Lippmann. Waiter, 59 lipscomb, James, 225 Lipscomb. Mance, 310 Lipseu, Arthur, 175. 177 Listen to Britain, 111 , 112, 118, 127. 143,

174,190 Listen to the Prairies. 128 Littin, Miguel. 222 Little Caesar, 127 The Little Foxes, 136 The Little Fugitive. 210 Littlewood, Joan, 203 Littman. Lynne, 344 Litvak, Anatole, 132, 134, 145, 146, 147,

152, 153 Lives of the Poets (Addison). 70 "Living Below the Line," 299 Living Broke in Boom Times. 271 The Living City, 164 The Living Museum, 261 Livingston, Jennie, 285 Loader, Jane, 266, 291 Lock-up: The Prisoners of Riker's Island,

296,323 Lods, Jean, 47 Loeb, Janice, 148 London Can Take It, 107, 118, 193 London, Jack, 20

The Londoners, 95 The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner,

205,207 Lonely Boy, 169, 172, 173, 174, 177, 218-

19,225,287 Long, Huey, 301 Long Night's Journey into Day, 312 Look Back in Anger, 203, 204, 206 Look to the North, 128 Lorentz, Pare, 38, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. 86, 90-

91,92,95,98,101, 102, 103, 154, 209, 249,315. See also specific films of

Losey, Joseph, 101 Losey, Mary, 101 Louisiana Story, 17, 22, 149,151,164,165,

218 Lovers and Lollipops. 210 Low, Colin, I, 167-68, 169, 170, 171, 177,

246,299 Lowe, David, 183, 191 Lowry, Malcolm, 229 Lowthorpe, Philippa, 306 Lucas, George. 295 Luce, Henry. 78 Lumet, Sidney, 28 Lumiere, Louis, xi, xi, 6, 7, 45, 53, 208,293,

338

Macartney-Filgate, Terence, 174-75, 177, 186,212,225. See also Drew Associ­ates

MacDonald, David. 107 Macdonald. Jeanette, 121 Macdonald. Kevin. 308 MacDonald, Ramsay, 102 MacGiIlivray, Freeman Films, 321, 323 MacGillivray, Greg, 322 Mackenzie. William, 12 MacLaine. Shirley, 316 MacLeish, Archibald, 92 Maddow, Ben. 139, 146, 165 Madison, Larry. 141, 147 Mailer, Norman, 4 Make Way for Youth, 165 Malcolm X, 316 Malcolm X: Make It Plain, 274 Malinowski, Bronislaw, 5 Malins, Geoffrey, 9 Malone, John, 261

INDEX 373

The Maltese Falcon, 135 Mamber, Stephen, 216 Man of Aran, 17, 18, 22, 24, 73 Man Ray: Prophet of the Avant-Garde, 289 The Marl Who Skied Down Everest, 316 The Man with a Movie Camera, 30,31,34,

42,56 The Man With the Golden Arm, 222 11ann, Ron, 303,304 Mannahatta, 46, 55 Mallsoll,316 Maps in Action, 128 Marc and Ann, 310 March Against Starvation, 77 March, Fredric, 93 The March of Time (Fielding), 143 "The March ofTime" (MOT), 4, 30, 31,

37,77,78-80,79,92,93,100,101, 103, 122, 123,138,139, 143,158, 181, 182,184,189,192,315

Marcorelles, Louis, 224 Margaret Mead Film Festival, 312, 341 Mariposa Film Group, 256, 279,281,282 Marjoe, 255, 316 Mark, Mary Ellen, 317 Marker, Chris, 217, 228, 335 Marner, Gene, 225 A Married Couple, 222, 225 Married in America, 309 Marshall, john, 232, 309, 333 Martin Luther King-Days of Hope, 275 Marty,221 Marx, Frederick, 249, 316, 317, 323 Marx, Karl, 5 Massiah, Louis, 274 Maya Lin: A Stong Clear Vision, 276 Mayer, Arthur, 149 Mayer, Carl, 51-52 Maysles, Albert, 186, 194,212,213,214,

217,222,225,240,255,256,260,290, 313,314,323,343. See also Drew As­sociates

Maysles, David, 186, 213, 217, 222, 225, 240, 255, 256, 290, 313. See also Drew Associates

Mazetti, Lorenza, 198, 200. 206 McBride, Jim, 235,236,255,263 McCall, Cheryl, 317 McCarthy, joseph, 156, 182, 229-30, 282

McDowell, J. B .• 9 McElwee, Ross, 262, 263, 292 McFerrin, Bobby, 284 McLaren, Norman. 122, 167, 168 McLean, Ross, 122, 154-55 McLuhan, Marshall, 190,22 1 McMullen, Jay, 184, 194 McNamara, Robert J., 244 Mead, Margaret, 5, 18 Mechanics of the Brain. 42 The Mediterranean- Background for War,

79 Meerson, Lazare. 48 "Meet Comrade Student," 187, 194 Meet John Doe. 140 Meisel, Edrnund, 52 Melies, Georges, 6, 45 Melody of the World, 55 Memorandum, 228 Memphis Belle, 136, 137, 147 Men in Danger, 7S Men of Bronze. 256, 274 Men of the Lightship, 107 Menilmontant, 55 Mental health (l945-1952), 162 "Mental Mechanisms," 162, 167 Mercanton, Victoria, 161 Merchant Seamen, 112, 11 8 Meredith, Burgess, 78, 116 Merrill, Gary, 148 Metal1ica: Some Kind of Monster, 287, 324 Metropolis. 52 Meyer, Muftie, 256 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 39 Meyers, Sidney, 93,148,152,162, 165 MGM,319 Michelangelo, 161 Le Mile, 47 Miles, Bernard, 116 Miles, William, 256, 274 Milestone, Lewis. 92 Military Courtesy, 131 Miller, David, 157, 164 MilIhouse: A White Comedy, 230 Millions Like Us, 112 Mills, Abbot, 225, 243 Milosevic, Slobodan, 297, 305 "The Miner's Lament," 190, 194 MlP-DOe, 331

374 INDEX

Miramax Film Corporation. 319 The Mission, 305 Mitry. Jean, 47 Moan, Dan, 248 Maana, xi. 3-4, 5,15-18,16,21- 22,24.26,

33,59,64,66,72,315 Mock, Freida Lee, 276 Model, 233-34, 256 Mogulescu, Miles, 256 Momma Don't Allow, 198, 199,201,202,

206 Mondrian. Piet, 46 MOrlterey Pop, 225, 316 Monument to the Dream, 269 Maore. Douglas, 87 Maore. Henry. 162 Moore, Michael, 189,292,318,319,320,

321,324,333 More Titan a Life, 305 Morgan, Matt, 297 Marin, Edgar, 213,215,217 "Morley Safer's Vietnam," 195 Morris, Erro], 264, 265, 292, 316,322,324 Moscow Clad in Snow, 6 Motion Picture Bureau, 140 Moyers, Bill, 302 Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, 132, 140 Mr. Hoover and I, 231 Mr. Mergler's Gift, 251 Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, 132 MTV,333 Mugge, Robert, 289-90 Mumford, Lewis. 95 MUflOZ,Susana, 279,280. 291 The Murder of Fred Hampton, 255 Murdoch, Rupert, 319 Murnau, F. W" 22 Murphy, Dudley, 46 Murrow. Edward R., 181, 182, 183, 191,

193, 194, 269, 271, 296, 338 Muscle Beach, 165 Museum of Modern Art Film Library, 90 Music in the Wind, 128 A Musical Adventure in Siberia, 315 Music/perfoffilance (1980s), 287-91 Mussolini, Benito, 79 My African Farm, 305 My Generation, 288 my life as a spy, 305

Nakasako, Spencer, 276 Nmta, Mom, and Me, 241, 242 Nanook of the North, 3-4, 13, 15-17, 23,

24,26,27,30,33,44,57,64,69,72, 179,219-20,295,315,338

Napier-Bell, j. B., 164, 165 Naples Is a Battlefield, 109 Napoleon, 302 Nash. Terre, 268. 269, 291 The Not King Cole Show, 274 National Alliance of Media Art and Cul­

ture (NAMAC), 250 National Black Programming Consortium

(NBPC),273 National Education Television (NET). 181,

272 National Endowment for the Arts (NEA).

248,249,287 National Endowment for the Humanities,

299- 300 National Film and Video Policy (of Can­

ada),302-3 National Film Board of Canada (NFB), 1,

123, 124, 125, 126-27, 130, 140, 142, 146,153,154,155,156,158,162,163, 164,167-78,168,169,170, 171 , 173, 175,180, 211,218-19,228,231,245, 246,247,250,251,266,268,271- 72, 277,287,299,302-3,330. See also Studio D; Unit B

founding of, 121-22 The National Film Registry, 351-52 National Film School (of Britain}, 237, 240.

305 National Film Theatre, 198 National Geographic, 295 National Geographic Channel, 333 National Recovery Administration, 81 Native American Public Broadcasting Con-

sortium. 277 Native Lalld, 94, 103 Nazi Conquest-No. 1. 79 The Naz;s Strike, 133, 134, 146 NBC, 181, 184-85, 194, 195,265,296 Nebraska Educational Television. 279 The Negro Soldier, 147 Nehru, 216 Neighbours, 167 Nell,308

INDEX 375

Nevins, Sheila, 260-61, 335, 336, 337 The New Americans, 249, 250 New Day Films, 252 New Left Review, 203 The New Ruler of the World, 305 New York: A Documentary Film, 30t , 302 "New York in the Twenties," 194 The New York Times, 25, 297, 319 Newman, Sydney, 122 News Roundup, 126 News/ron ts of War- 1940, 79 Newsreel Collective (19705), 244-45, 247,

271 Newsreel, in wartime London (1 91 7), 10 Next of Kin, 112 Niagara Falls, 301 Nicaragua: Report from the Front, 271 Nice Time, 198,201 , 206 Nichols, Bill, 334 Nichols. Dudley, 93 Night and Fog, 228 Night Mai l, 62, 69- 70, 75, 100, 101 , 102,

109,160,209,221,306 "Nightmare in Red," 184, 193 Nine from Little Rock, 269 Nine Men, 112 Ninth Symphony, 224 Nitrate Kisses, 285, 322 Nixon, Richard Milhous, 230 . .. No Lies, 236, 237, 255 Nobody Listened, 316 Nomads of the Jungle. 165 Nonfiction, and Soviet documentary

(1922-1929), 28-38 Nongovernmental agencies, 48, 96, 107,

154, 156, 157,164.174.180,182,185, 186,202.234,244.247.248.249.251-52.253.273,275.300,320

Nontheatrical films, in Canada (I939-1945). 125-26

North Sea , 69. 75. 100, 109 North West Mounted Police, 121 Not a Love Story, 291 Notes on Jungle Warfare, 131 Notes all the Port of St. Francis, 165 Noujaim, Jehane, 314, 323 NOVA. 298 Novick, William, 16 1 Now-The Peace, 125, 128

Nude Descending a Staircase, 45 Number Our Days, 344 Nykino, 78. 92

o Dream/and, 198.200, 201,202, 206.221 Oberon, Merle, 106 Objective Burma, 11 6 Obomsawin, Alanis, 276-77, 278 O'Brien, Frederick, 15 October/Ten Days That Shook the World, 40 Odets, Clifford. 92 Oertel, Curt. 161, 165 Off to War, 297 Office of War Information, 90 La Of rend a: The Days of rhe Dead. 279 "Ohio Town," 140 Okazaki, Stephen, 276 Olivier, Laurence. 253 Olympia. 55. 102 "The Olympics." 190 On Any Sunday. 316 On the Bowery, 210 On tire Pole. 186, 225 On the Ropes, 297 One Day in September. 308 One Generatioll More, 312 One God-Tile Ways We Worship Him, 165 One afOur Aircraft Is Missillg, 112 One Tenth of a Nation, 97 One Year in a Life of Crime, 296 Open City. 149 Oppenheimer,). Robert, 182. 312 Organizations (l 970s), 248- 50 "Orient Express," 195 Ornitz, Arthur, 87 O'Rourke, Dennis, 268, 335 Orwell, George. 202 Osborne, John, 203, 204 The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir,

316 Our Daily Bread, 38 Our House: A Very Real Documentary

AboJlt Kids of Gay alld Lesbian Fami­lies. 298

"Out of Darkness," 193 Out of the Dol/'s House. 306 Out a/True, 148, 162 Out: Stories of Lesbian and Gay Youth, 303 Overdepelldency, 162

376 INDEX

TI,e Overlanders, 152 Owen, Don. 228

Paar, Jack, 221 Pacific 231,47 Pacific Northwest, 140-41 PaisQn, 149 Palardy, Jean, 128 TIle Pale Horseman. 157, 164 Palestine 15 Still the Issue, 305 The Panama Deception, 271, 322 Paper Tiger Television, 247- 48 Paperny. David, 286 Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin

Hood Hills, 261 Paragraph, 175, 260-61 Paramount Pictures, IS, 48, 315 Pare Lorentz and the Documentary Film

(Snyder),90 Paris 1900, 161 "Paris in the Twenties," 186, 194 Paris Is Bunting. 285, 316 Parker, Gudrun. See Bjerring, Gudrun Pathe, 6, 7, 13 Patton, George S., 117 Paul, Doris A., 217, 218 Paul Robesoll: Here J Stand!, 274 Paul Tomkowicz: Street-railway Switch man,

168,169, 177 PBS, 181, 189,222,249,252,273,279,287,

289,295, 297-98,299,301-2,312, 314,315,316,333

Peace of Britain, 101 Penicillin, 109 Pennebaker, D. A.. 186, 194,212,222,225,

287,313,314,323,338. See also Drew Associates

People in the City, 197 People of the Cumberland, 93- 94, 103 n,e People's Duchess, 306 Peoples of Canada, 128 Peralta, Stacy, 324 Perrault, Pierre, 217, 225 Pershing's Crusaders, 9 Petroleum Films Bureau. 164 Phenix. Luey. 279. 282 The Photographer, 162, 165 Picasso. Pablo. 45, 161 The Pick, 306

Picture In Your Mind, 163 Pie in the Sky. 78 Pilger, John, 305 Pimp Society, 305 Pincus, Ed, 263 A Place Called Chiapas, 303, 323 Place de I'Opera, 6 A Place to Live, 94. 103 Planck, Max. 6 The Planets, 172 "The Plots Against Hitler," 194 The Plow That Broke the Plaius, 38, 81-82,

83,84,88,89,90,98, to], t02, 103, 133,209,315

Point of Order, 229, 230 Poirier, Leon, 26 Police, 234 Police Tapes, 235, 256, 333 Politics. See also Political indoctrination

emphases (1970s), 242-52 films (1 980s), 270-71

Pollard, Sam, 274, 323 Pontecorvo, Gillo, 38 Ponting, Herbert, 6 Pope, Alexander, 70 "Popular Art," 190 "The Population Explosion," 182, 194 Pornography: the Musical, 307 Portillo, Lourdes, 279, 280, 29 1 Portrait of Jason, 225 A Portrait of Stravinsky, 225 Postwar documentary (1945- 1952),

]48-66 approaches and techniques of. 163-64 internationalism and. 157-58 personnel. leadership and. 152- 55 sponsorship and, 155- 56 subjects of. 156-63

Pour la suite du mondelMoontrap, 217, 225 P.O. V. (Point of View), 287, 298 Powell, Michael. 106 Power and the Land, 87, 88, 100, 101 , 103 Pravda.30 Prelude to War. 133, 146 Preminger, Otto, 222 President McKinley's Inaugflral Address, 8 Presley, Elvis. 172 Priestly. lason, 287 Priestly. Thomas, 195

-

IND EX 377

Primary, 186, 2ll, 212, 213, 214, 216, 225 The Prisoner's Song (Mailer), 4 Private sponsorship, and British documen-

tary (1929-1939), 62-63 "The Profession of Arms," 266, 291 Project XX, 184- 85, 190, 193, 194, 195,296 Propaganda, 4. 5, 9, 27, 28, 30. See also Ag-

itprop; Indoctrination "Protective Tariff vs. Free Trade," 190 The Proud Years, 162 Proust, MaTed, 45, 46 Pryluck, Ca!, 334 Pryor, Richard, 289 Pumnana. 310 Public. See also PBS, lTVS

access cable (1970s), 247-48 health (1945-1952),162-63 television, American (1990-), 297-99

Public Housing, 314 Public Opinion (Lippmann), 59 Pudovkin, V. I., 39, 41, 42 Pumping Iroll , 316 Pumping Iron If. 316 Pygmalion, 105

Queer cinema. See GaylIesbian culture The Quiet Olle, 148-49, 149,152, 162, 165,

221 Quinn, Gordon, 249,250,316,323

The Race for Space, 187-88 Race relations (1945- 1952), 163 Racial/ethnic minorities (1980s), 271- 79 Radio Bikini, 268 Radio Television Fran~aise, 217 Rafferty, Kevin, 266. 29 1 Rafferty, Pierce, 266, 29 1 The Raider, III Rairl, 47, 53, 54, S6 Raindance.247 The Rains Came. 140 Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey, 273 The Ramparts We Watch. 93, 103 Rape: Cries from the Heartland, 296 Les RaquetteurslThe Snowshoers. 21'1,213.

224 Rathburn, Eldon, 168, 172 Rather. Dan. 191 Ray, William, 222, 225

Rayrnond,Alan, 222,223,235, 255, 256, 260, 333

Raymond, Susan. 222, 223. 235, 255. 256. 260,333

Read, John, 161- 62 Reagan, Ronald. 131.248 Real Sex. 261 "The Real West," 184- 85, 194 Real World, 333 The Reality Channel, 333 Reality, and documentary, 332- 34 Realms of the Unreal, 277 Reasoner. Harry. 189. 192 Red Line 7000, 222 Redgrave, Michael, 113, 252 Reed, Carol, 105, 116, 117, 119 Reichert, Juiia, 252. 253. 256 Reid, Frances, 312 Reisman. Phil, Jr., 184- 85 Reisz, Karel, 197, 198, 199,201,204,205,

206 Remember the Family. 306 Remembrance of Things Past (Proust), 45 Renoir, Jean, 24, 147,209 Renov, Michael. 334 Report from the Aleutiam, 135, 146 Reportage, in Soviet documentary, 28-35 Reporting America at War, 301 Resisting Enemy Interrogation, 131 Resnais, Alain, 161,228 Return to Life, 92, 103 Revillon Freres, 13 Rhodes, Sunny, 310 Rhythmus 21, 45, 47 Rice, Elmer, 78 Richardson, Judy, 274 Richardson, Ralph, 106 Richardson, Tony, 197, 198, 199,203,204,

205,206,207 Richter, Hans. 45- 46, 47 Richter, Robert, 271 Riefenstahl, Leni, 55. 102,241 Rien que Ies heures (Only the Hou rs), 47, 48,

49,51,55,57,202 Riggs, Marlon, 274, 285, 287, 292 Riis, Jacob, 4 Riskin, Robert, 140 The River, 38, 83-86, 85, 86, 88, 90, 98, 100,

101,103,133,160,191,315

378 INDEX

RiZZQ, Frank 1., 289 RKO, 87, 163 Road to Life, 125 Robards, Jason, 266 Robert Kennedy Remembered, 269 Robeson. Paul, 94 Rockefeller, Nelson, 138 Rockefeller, Terry. 274 Rodakiewicz. Henwar, 95, 97, 141, 147 Roffman, Julian, 96, 103, 122, 128, 165 Roger & Me, 292, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321 Rogosin. Lionel, 210 Rolling Stones, 222, 290 Romance of the Railway, 9 The Romance ojTramportatiorJ in Canada,

167-68 "Romeo and fuliet in Sarajevo," 299 Room at the Top, 203-4, 205, 206 Roosevelt, Bleanor, 87 Roosevelt, Franklin, 80, 86, 87, 90, 102,

130,133, 138, 154,165,336 The Roosevelt Story. 165 Roots, 188,274 Rose Marie, 121 Rosenberg. Robert. 279 Rosenberg. Sam, 195 Rosenblatt, Jay, 323, 335 Rossellini, Roberto, 209 Rostock, Susanne, 310 Rotha, Paul, 1, 4-6,23,33,46,61,63,74,

100-101,113,114,118,144,158,165, 180

Rothschild, Amalie R., 95, 241, 242, 252 Rouch, Jean, 208, 212,213, 215, 216-18 ROlmd Trip: U.S. in World Trade, 157 Rouquier, Georges, 197 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 23 Royal Air Force Film Production Unit, 115 Rubbo, Michael, 177, 228, 231, 232, 255,

256 Ruby, Jay, 334 Rushes, 237, 238 Ruspoli, Mario, 217 Russia. See Soviet Union TIle Russia of Nicholas 11 and Lea Tolstoy,

35,42 The Russians Nobody Knows, 158 A Rustling of Leaves, 303

Ruttmann, Walther, 47, 49, 50, 5 1- 53, 54- 55

Ryden, Hope, 186, 194. See also Drew As~ sociates

Sachs, Eddie, 186 Sad Song of Yellow Skin, 231, 255 Safer, Morley, 189, 192, 195 Salesman, 225 Salomon, Henry, Jr .. 181 , 193 A Salute to France. 147 Salvage with a Smile, 109 San Demetrio London, 112 San Francisco Newsreel. 244 Sandburg, Carl, 57 Sanjines, Jorge, 222 Sapadin, Larry. 297 Sarandon. Susan, 271 Satellite/cable technology (1980s), 260-62 Satie, Erik, 46 Saturday Night, 307 Saturday Night Ql1d Sunday Morning, 204,

205,206 The Savi"g of Bill Blewitt, 69, 75, 109 Sawyer, Diane, 189, 192 Scabies. 109 Scagliotti, John, 279, 282 Schiller, Greta. 279 Schlesinger, John, 204, 205, 207 Schmiechen, Richard, 282, 283, 284, 291 Schoedsack, Ernest B., 24-25, 26 Schoendorffer, Pierre, 225, 244 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 316 Scorsese, Martin, 287 Scott-Heron, Gil, 289 Scottish Television, 180 Seabiscut, 301 The Search, 193 Secondari, John, 186, 195 "The Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover," 298 The Secret Life ofP/ants, 316 TI,e Secret Life of the Brain, 302 SeeIt Now, 181- 82, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191,

193 Seeds of Destiny, 157, 164 Seei"g Red, 316 "Segregation in Schools," 182, 193 Seldes, Gilbert, 182

r

I NDEX 379

"The Selling of the Pentagon," 184, 191, 195

Seltzer, Leo, 165 Selver, Veronica, 279, 282 Senorita Extraviada, Missing Young

Woman, 279 Sentimental Women Need Not Apply: A His-

tory of the American Nurse, 301 Sequence, 197 Seven Songs for Malcolm X. 275 Sever! Up , 308-9 Sewing Woman , 275 Sex Hygiene, 131 Shadows, 210 Shaffer, Beverly, 251, 292 Shaffer, Deborah, 253, 256, 271 Shahn, Ben, 4 Shakers: Hands to Work. Hearts to God, 301 "Shakespeare: Soul of an Age," 194 Shakespeare, William, 133, 134, 224 Shannon, Katltleen, 250-51 Shark Week, 262 Sheeler, Charles, 46, 55 Shell Film Unit, 63, 107, 164 Sherman's March: A Meditation 011 the Pos­

sibility of Romantic Love in the South During an Era of Nuclear Weaporzs Proliferation, 263, 292

Sherr Klein, Bonnie, 29 1 Shipyard, 74 Shoah,316 The Shovel and the Open Road, 306 Showman, 213, 216 Shub, Esfir, 33, 35, 36-37, 41 , 42, 78, liS,

241,252 Shuker, Gregory, 186, 194, 222, 225, 243.

See also Drew Associates Sight and Sound, 197, 200 Silber, Glenn, 244, 246, 271 Silence Broken: Korecm Comfort Women,

276 The Silent Village, 118 Sillitoe, Alan, 204, 205 Silver Lake Life: TI,e View from Here, 284,

285 SUnpson, $uzanne, 266 Sinatra, Frank, 163, 172, 191 Sing Faster: The Stagehands Ring Cycle, 312,

313

Sinofsky, Bruce, 261, 287, 322, 324 Six o'Clock News, 263 Sixteen Days a/Glory, 316 "Sixteen in Webster Groves," 191, 195 A Sixth of the World, 34, 42 Six-Thirty Collection, 62 60 Minutes, 34, 181 , 189, 190, 192,296 Sky Above, Mud Below, 315-16 Tlte Slide Area, 197 Smallwood, J oey, 23 1, 232 Smith, Herb E., 249 Smith, Howard, 255 Smith, Judy, 244 The Smoke Menace, 68 The Snakepi', 153 Snark,20 Snipes, Wesley, 274 Snyder, Robert, 90 "So That Men Are Free," 186, 194 Social documentary, xi

America and (1941- 1945), 138-41, 146 Canada and (1939- 1945),144,146 Great Britain and (1939- 1945),113-15,

144 Social emphases (1970s), 242-52 Social-realist features, in Great Britain

(1958-1963),204-6 Soffer, Simon, 313 Soldier Girls, 237-38, 240, 256 Something to Do With tlte Wall, 263 Song of Ceylon, 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 75, 209 Soviet Union, documentary in

beginnings of (1922-1929), 27-43 compilation and. 35-37 epic and, 37-38 fiction and, 38-42 nonfiction and, 28-38 reportage and, 28-35

The Space Between Words, 234 Spadola, Meema, 298 The Spanish Earth, 92- 93, 103, 193 Spare Time, 109 Sparling, Gordon, 128 Special Inquiry, 180 Spencer, Georgia, 306 Spencer, Michael, 122 Spewack, Samuel, 146 Spheeris, Penelope. 287 Spice, Evelyn, 122

380 INDEX

Spinello, Barry, 236-37, 238 Sponsorship

America v. Great Britain (1930-1941), 98-99

postwar era and (1945-1952), 155-56 Spottiswoode, Raymond, 122. 127, 157 Spotton, John, 228 Sprollt Wings and Fly. 310 Spurlock, Morgan, 324, 328, 329 Squadroll 992, 108, 109 Squires, Buddy, 301 Sragow, Michael, 291 Stack, Jonathan , 312-13, 323 Stagecoach, 135 Stairway to Heaven, 264 Stalin, Joseph, 35, 79, 98, 185, 194, 203, 336 "Stand Up! Stand Up!," 200 Stantoo. Frank, 191 Stapp, Philip, 163 Star Wars, 295 Startup.com, 314, 323 State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK).

27 The Statue of Liberty, 299, 300 Stauffacher, Frank, 165 Stax Records, 288 Steel Town, 147 Steichen. Edward, 138. 146 Steiner, Ralph, 47, 77, 78, 82, 91, 92, 94, 95,

96, 103 StekkJer, Paul, 274 Steps of Age, 165 Stevens, George. 135 Stevens, George, Jr.. 269 Still Going Places, 162 Sting, 287 Stirl ing, Geoff, 231, 232 Stone. Robert, 268 Stoney, George, 150, 162, 165,245,247,

310,334 Stop Making Sense, 287 Storck. Henri, 161 Storey, David, 204, 205 "Storm Over the Supreme Court," 190 11 .. Story of G. I. Ioe, 123 "The Story of Will Rogers," 190 Storyville, 304, 306 Strain, Tracy, 274 Strand, Paul, 46, 55, 82, 92, 94, 103

Strangers mId Kin, 249. 274 Strategy of Metals, 128 Streetwise, 316, 317 Strick, joseph, 165, 244, 255 Stride, Soviet!. 34, 42 Strike, 40 Strikebreaking, 79 "The Struggle to Live," 84 Struggles in Steel: A Story of African Ameri-

can Steel Workers, 321 Stuart, Mel, 187, 288,289 Studio D, 250-52, 268 Stupid Mlite Men, 319 Sucksdorff, Arne, 47- 48, 197 Suez, 140 Suffragene Riots in Trafalgar Square, 7 Sullivan, Ed, 180 Sun Ra: A Ioyful Noise, 289 Sundance, 297,316,3 18,341-43 Sunny Side of the Doe, 331 Super Size Me, 324, 328, 329 Survivor, 333 SwaUow, Norman, 180 "Sweden," 186 Sworn to the Drum, 310

Tabu,22,84 Tajima, Rene, 275, 292 Tajiri, Rea, 276 Talking Heads, 287 Tallents, Stephen, 59, 62, 121 Tanner, Alain, 198,206 Target for Tonight, 87, 110, Ill, 118, 136,

160 Tarrantino, Quentin, 319 Tartuffe, 52 A Taste of Honey, 204, 207 Taylor, Donald, 114 Taylor, John, 68 Taylor, Robert, 138 TBS (Turner Broadcasting System), 261 Technology

business and (1990-), 294- 97 direct cinema/cinema verite and (1960-

1970),210-15 promises of, 327-28

Television, documentary for (1951 - 1971), 179-95

series and, 181- 89 special characteristics of, ] 89-93

IND EX 381

Tender Fictions, 285 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 83-84,

85 Tenth U.S. Infantry Disembarking, 7 Tepper, Stephanie. 298 Texaco Star Theatre, 180 Thames Television, 180,253 "That War in Korea." 195 Thatcher, Molly Day, 78 Theatre Workshop. 203 Theatrical exhibition (1990- ), 315-22 Theatrical series. in Canada (1939-1945),

122- 25 They Also Serve, 118 The Thin Blue Line, 264, 265. 292. 316 Things to Come. 106 Third World Newsreel. See Newsreel Col-

lective This Above All, 132 This Is Blitz, 123 This is Cinerama. 316 TI,is is Elvis, 316 This Sporting Life, 204, 205, 207 This Wonderful World, 180 13th Platoon, 128 Thomas, Dylan, 114, 205 Thompson, Hunter, 4 Thornson, Virgil, 82, 84, 90,92,141 TI,e Thorn Birds, 188 Three Salons at Seaside, 306 Threepenny Opera, 96 Tlwnderbolt, 137, 138, 147 Thursday's Children, 198 Time, 77, 78, 79, 125 A Time for Bach, 165 A Time for Burning, 225 A Time for Justice, 269 Time, Inc., 78. 186 Time Indefinite, 263 The Times of Harvey Milk, 282, 283, 284,

291,316 Tiomkin, Dmitri, 134 TI,e Titan-5tory of Michelangelo, 161,165 The Titicut Follies, 232, 233 To a Safer Place, 292 To Fly, 338 To the Shores of Iwo lima, 137-38, 147 Toast of the Town, 180 Together, 198,200,206

Tojo, Hideki, 79 Toland, Gregg, 135 Torlgues Untied. 287. 292 Tonight. 221 TOIIY Blair, 305- 6 Toscanioi. Arturo, 141 Touching the Void, 308 La TOil ' (The Eiffel Tower) , 56 Tout va bien, 222 The Town, 140, 147 Training films, in America (1941- 1945).

131 Transfer of Power, 75 Travel Channel. 295 The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, 153 Trees for Tomorrow, 126 Trent, Barbara, 271, 322 "Trial at Nuremberg," 186 A Trip to the Moon, 45 Triumph of the Will, 90, 102, 134 Tropic of Cancer, 244 The Tnte Glory, 116, 117, 118, 119, \31 , 144 Tsuno, Keiko, 248 Tuberculosis in America: The People's

Plague, 301 Tuesday in November, 141, 147 Tugwell, Rexford Guy, 80-81, 83 Tunisian Victory. 11 6, 118 Tupac Shakur: Resurrection, 312 Turin, Victor, 37-38, 41. 42 Turksib, 37-38, 41, 42, 52, 57 "Turn of the Century," 190 Turner. Ted. 26 1 TVOntario (TVO), 303 The Twentieth Century, 185-86, 186, 190-

9l, 194 Twentieth Century-Fox, 138, 319 28 Up, 29 1 Twist, 303 "The Twisted Cross," 184, 193 Two Men and a War, 3 14, 315 2001: A Space Odyssey, 172 Typage, 41

"The U-2 Affair," 185. 194 U2: Rattle and Hum, 316 Ulysses (joyee), 45, 46, 47, 244 UMWA 1970: A House Divided, 248-49 The Undefeated, 162-63, 165

J

382 INDEX

Under the Volcano (Lowry), 229 Unemployment, 79 The Unforgiving, 305 Union Maids, 253, 256 Unit B. of Canada', NFB, (1948-1964),

167-78,170,171,173,175 United Action. 94 United Artists, 123 United Nations Film Board. 157 United States. See America United States Film Service, 86, 89, 90, 91,

92 Universe, 169. 171, 172, 177,246 Universities and Left Review. See New Left

Review TIle Untold West: The Black West, 274 "Up Series," 308, 309 TIle Uprising 0['34,310 Urban, Charles, 9 U .5. Film Service, 154

Valley afthe Tennessee, 147 Valley Town , 96, 103, 154 van Dongen, Helen, 87, 88. 92, 93 Van Dyke, Willard, 47, 84,91,92,95,96,

103, 139, 140. 146, 147, 154, 162, 165, 186, 194, 342

Van Gogh, 161 Van Tay tor, David.288 Van Voorhis. Westbrook. 80, 123 "A Vanishing Breed: Portrait of a Country

Editor," 190, 195 Variety,52, 186 "The Vatican," 195 Vecchione. Judith, 273 Vedres, Nicole. 161 Veiller. Anthony, 132, 134, 146 Verdi, Giuseppe, 141 Vemon, Florida, 264, 265 VerraU. Robert, 168 Vertov, Dziga, 16,28-35,29,31,32, 41, 44.

47,52,216,227,235,271. See also spe­cific films of

"The Basis of 'Film Eye' [Kino Glazj," 33-34

"Kino Nedalia" ("Film Weekly"), 28 Kino-Eye, 34, 42

Very Nice, Very Nice, 175, 177 Victorian House, 333

Vicrory atSea, 37, 181, 184, 193.252,253 Video. English-language documentary and

arrival of (1980,),258-92 Video Free America, 247 Videofreex, 247 Videopolis. 247 Vidor, King, 38, 82 Vietnam, 242- 44 Vignier, A.. 215 Vigo, Jean, 28. 47,122, 197 Viljoen, Tina, 266, 291 "Vincent Van Gogh: A Self·Portrait," 194 711e Violin, 45 Virtual History: The Secret Plot to Kill Hit-

ler.336 ((Voice of Time," 80 Voices From a Steeltown, 321 Volcano: An Inquiry into the Life alld Death

of Malco/m Lowry, 229 von Sternberg, 10se£, 140, 147 Vorkapich, Slavko, 78 Voyage au Congo (Voyage to tlte Congo), 26

Waco: The Rules of Engagement, 323 Wadleigh, Michael, 235. 255, 287, 288, 344 Wagner, 312 Waiting for Fidel, 231, 232,256 "Walk in My Shoes," 186, 187. 194 WaU,ce, Mike. 189, 190, 192 Walsh, Raoul, 116 Wall on, William, III War, 266. 291 The War at Home, 244, 246 War Comes to America, 133, 147 The War for Mm's Minds, 125, 128 The War Game, 39 n,e War Room, 313, 314, 323 Warclouds in the Pacific, 122, 128 Warner Brothers, 188.245,287,288.316,

319 Warretldale. 225 Wasserman. Albert, 193,194 Water-Friend or Enemy, 139 Waters, Alice. 310 Warers o/Time, 165 Watkins, Peter, 39 Watt, Harry, 61, 69, 75, 86- 87, 102, 106,

107. 108. 109, 110. Ill, J 12, 118. 136, 142,152

Watts tax, 288. 289 The Wave. 103 Waverly Steps. 48. 165 The Way Ahead, 11 2 The Way to the Stars. ll 2 We Are the Lambeth Boys. 198.201. 202 .

203,204,206 We Dive at Dawn. 11 2 We Live in Two Worlds, 75 Weather Forecast, U2 Weather Underground, 230- 31 The Weavers: Wam 't That a Time!. 316 Webster, Nichol.s, 186-87, 187, 194 Weddings a'rld Babies. 210 Weill, Cl.udia, 242 Weill, Kurt, 96 Weisenborn, Gordon, 162 Weiss, Mark, 297 Weissman, Aeriyn, 303, 322 Welch, Joseph, 230 Welfare, 219 A Well Spell t Life, 3 ID Welles. Orson, 1 Wellman, William, 123 Wells, H. G., 106 Wenders, Wim, 287 Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe, 310 Wesker, Arnold, 203 The West, 30 I West Wind, 128 Western Approaches, Ill, 118 The Western Front, 9 "The Western Hero," 186 Westin, Av, 194 Weston, Edward, 84, 162 Westol1, WiIliam, 194 WETA,299 Wexler, Haskell , 230, 244 WGBH, 298, 330 \¥hat Is Cinema Write?,217 What You Take for Granted, 236 What's My Lille?, 221 yVhen Asia Speaks, 125, 128 When the Mountains Tremble, 271 When We Build Agai1l, 114-15 When We Were Kings, 323 White Corridors, 152 White Paper, 185,194,195,296

INDEX 383

White Shadows itl the SOl/th Seas (O'Brien), 15

Whitman , WaIt, 90 Who Are the DeBolts? And Where Did They

Get Nineteen Kids?, 312 Who Killed Vincerlt Chin?, 275- 76, 292 "Why We Fight," 37,131-35,144,145,

146, 147,153,156,184, 186,191, 192, 209,338

Wild Cargo, 25 Wild, Nettie, 303, 323 The Wildest Show ill the Sou th: The Angola

Prison Rodeo, 313 WiIliam McKinley at Home, 7 Williams, Vaughan, 111 The Window Clearler, 141, 147 Winfrey, Oprah, 333 Wings, 295 Winston, Brian, 334 Winter, 78 Wiseman, Frederick, 189, 190,219, 221,

228,232, 233,234,235, 238, 255,256, 313,314- 15,323,333

With Babies and Banners, 253, 256 With Scot! in the Antarctic, 6 With the Marines at Tarawa, 147 Witness to War: Dr. Charlie Clemems, 271 WNET Channel 13, 189 The Wobblies, 253, 256 Wolfe, Tom, 4 Wolper, David 1., 187, 188, 189, 261, 265,

288,289,296 The Woman's Film, 244 Women Make Movies, 251-52 Women's Studio, 268 Won Through Merit, 7, 9 The Wonderful World of Louis Armstrong.

275 Wonders of the Congo, 25 Woodard, Stacy, 84 The Wooden Horse. 152 Woodhead, Leslie, 305, 332 Woodstock, 255, 287-88, 290, 316, 344 Word Is Out: Some Stories of Our Lives, 256,

279, 281, 282 Workers arId Jobs, 75 Workers' Film and Photo League. See Film

and Photo League Workers Leaving the Factory, xi, 6, 45. 293

I

384 INDEX

"Workers' Newsreels," 77 World,298 The World at War, 146, 180, 253, 256 World Film News. 62 World in Action, 180, 305 "The World in Action" (WlA), 123, 124,

125, 128, 158, 167,228 The World 1s Not Enough, 308 The World 1s Rich, 158, 165 The World afPaul De!vaux, 161 World o[Plenty, 113, 114, 118, 144, 158 The World o[Tomorrow, 267, 292 World Without End, 158 Worlds Apart, 333 World's Fair of 1939, New York, 63, 91, 95,

266,267,267 Wright. Basil. 61. 65. 66. 69. 75. 102. 107.

109. 158, 160- 61. 165 W uoronos, Aileen, 306 Wuthering Heights, 136 Wyler. William, 135. 136, 137, 138. 147,

152. 153

"X-Pilot." 186

"Yanki No!." 186. 194 Yates, Pamela, 27 1 "Yes, Jesus Loves Me," 84 YOIl Are on Indian Land, 246- 47, 247 You Bet Your Life. 221 Young Mr. Lincoln, 135 Yu, Jessica , 261, 276, 277 Yugoslavia: Death of a Natiotl, 296-97, 323 Yum, Yum, Yum!, 310

Zegart. Arthur. 185. 194 Zero Hour- The Story of the 1nvasion, 122,

123. 128 Zickafoose, Ben, 248 Zimmerman, Debra. 252 Zimmerman. Patricia, 334 Zinnemann. Fred, 48, 103, 165 Zive1i!: Medicine for the Heart, 310 Zochling, Leo, 82 La Zone, 56 Zwerin, Charlotte. 222. 225. 255. 290 Zwigoff. Terry. 323