New Wave of Immigration8.47 Explain the causes and effects of the wave of immigration

from Northern Europe to the United States

Immigration

Immigration is the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

Between 1800-1850 the majority of immigrants came from Northern Europe (Ireland and Germany)

Pull Factors Push Factors

Tolerance and Freedom Religious and Political Turmoil

New Markets for Artisans Skills

Artisans jobs lost in Industrial Revolution

Abundant and Affordable Land

Overcrowding caused by population growth

Opportunity to start over; healthy living

Debt and hunger resulting from crop failures

Irish Immigrants- Causes

1. Catholic v. Protestant - Ireland was under British rule,

Protestant, however many Irishmen were Catholic and they were being discriminated against.

2. Great Potato Famine - a period of starvation in Ireland

after a fungus destroy the potato crop, which was a staple

for Irish meals. Over a million Irishmen starve to death.

Irish Immigrants

Settlement Patterns

• Most settled in cities

• By 1850 Irish made up ¼ of the population of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore

• Scotch-Irish settled throughout the backcountry of the Appalachian Mountains

Irish Jobs

• Most were unskilled farmers

• Took low paying difficult jobs

German ImmigrantsCauses of Immigration

• Failed Revolutions

• Seeking economic opportunities

Settlement Patterns

• Most Settled in cities as well as on farms and the frontier

• Wisconsin and Texas

German Jobs

• Bakers, Butchers, Carpenters, Printers, Tailors and Gunsmiths

Impact on American Culture

• Kindergartens, gymnasiums, the Christmas tree, and the hamburger

Nativatist

Nativatist were OPPOSED to immigration1. feared immigrants would take jobs away from Americans because

they were willing to do it for a lower wage2. Religion- most of America was still Protestant and they disliked the

Roman Catholics.

More People More Problems

The Industrial Revolution and Immigration lead to urbanization (growth of cities. more factories= more jobs= more people living near factories)

• cities became over crowded, there was only one place to go, UP. building grew taller to accommodate

• large building made of wood caused many fires (and deaths)• cities became very dirty because of the lack of sewage systems• unclean drinking water lead to disease