Scientific evidence reinforcing the importance of key wholefood nutrients in maximising health, vitality and longevity,continues to mount. The nutrients contained in fruits,vegetables, whole grains and fish are so strongly connectedto preserving health and wellness, that authorities world-wide urge us to increase our consumption of these foodsas the primary tool in the battle against chronic disease.Here are three recent studies from major research centrespublished in leading peer-reviewed scientific journals thataffirm this message:

• Too much of the wrong foods sets a course for disease…A study published in the August 15, 2007 issue of theJournal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) callsattention to the severe health risks associated with ourWestern diet, grossly deficient in whole-food nutrientsfrom fruits, vegetables, grains and fish, but excessive inprocessed fats, carbohydrates and calories. While evaluating colorectal cancer recurrence, researchers fromthe Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston demonstratedthat 80% of all colorectal cancer cases were both directlyor indirectly attributable to the Western industrialised-eating habit and preventable with dietary change. Theirrecommendations for reducing this risk: a prudent dietrich in fruits, vegetables, poultry and fish.1

• Getting an abundance of the right foods is the path tolong-term health!Published in the July 2007 issue of the American Journalof Clinical Nutrition, researchers from Monash Universityand the Cancer Council of Victoria, The University ofMelbourne, the University of Cambridge and St. Vincent’sHospital Melbourne report that, “This combination [offruit, vegetable, and omega-3 dietary content] is believedto have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties that reduce the risk of cardiovas-cular disease by 30%”. These nutrients have also beenshown to lower the rate of incidence for obesity and various cancers.2 Evidence demonstrating the health benefits associated with these foods was also describedby a study conducted at the Harvard School of PublicHealth in 2007 suggesting that higher intakes of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory micronutrients areassociated with lower reports of cough, respiratory infections and less severe asthma-related symptoms.3

• Much is lost to industrialised growing and processing!According to a research from Wageningen University in

Holland published in the November 2005 issue of theJournal of Food Chemistry, nearly every phase of processing from “farm-to-fork” reduced the level of thehealthy phytonutrients in fruits and vegetables.4

Data presented by researchers from the Department ofSoil Sciences at the University of Wisconsin – Madisonconfirms that while great advances in crop yield haveoccurred in the last 50 years, nutrient content has beenunder siege and declining.5 A similar review of data published by the USDA’s ARS Nutrient Data Laboratory(chart 1) shows “a sharp decline in the minerals in foodssince the last comprehensive survey [nearly 20 years ago]”

Modern industrialised diets are directly linked to disease.The diet that has dominated the industrial world for thelast few decades is directly related to the epidemic ofchronic disease.6 Foods consumed by the average humantoday are not only energy-dense and nutrient-deficient,but also lack the nutritional diversity fundamental tohealthy human biochemistry. Overflowing with processedfats, carbohydrates and chemicals alien to the humanfood chain, the modern-day diet leaves us overfed,under-nourished and needlessly exposed to vitality-robbing health problems.Whole food supplementation: A strategy that works.Changing our diets is not an easy or convenient transitionfor someone living in the quick pace of the modernindustrialised world. But we know that nutritional supplementation that is well-formulated and derived fromwhole-food sources actually found in the human foodchain can fill in the gaps left by the modern industrialiseddiet. It supports our body in producing energy, and promoting vitality and long life.

NEWS YOU CAN USE04/08

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Pro Vitality Nutrition:The Evidence continues to build

Background: We first discovered the important role lipidsplay as building blocks for our cell membranes in 1925.13

By the 1950’s researchers realised that the cell mem-brane not only served as a mechanism to separate theinside of the cell from the outside, but also functioned asa highly selective filter that facilitated transport systemscontrolling nutrient entry and waste removal.14 From thatpoint, we began to recognise the importance of specificlipids in membrane function, energy production andmetabolite secretion (biochemicals manufactured in cells;i.e.; hormones, enzymes).15

GNLD Research: In the mid-1950s, a group of SouthernCalifornia doctors investigating the possible causes ofpatient-reported ‘chronic fatigue’ drew a connectionbetween the absence of whole grain dietary lipids andreduced cellular energy production. This research led tothe concept of lipid supplementation made from wholegrain wheat, rice and soy, as a solution to ‘chronicfatigue’. This gave rise to GNLD’s Tre-en-en Grain Concentrates.In the years that followed, Tre-en-en’s beneficial effectson cell membrane structure and function were furtherconfirmed. The most compelling demonstration of thepositive effects of the lipids and sterols in Tre-en-enGrain Concentrates was in a study conducted at Texas A& M University in 1987. This study compared the effectsof Tre-en-en use in the test group to a control group. Theresults (see charts 2-4) were dramatic.16

Latest Findings: The significance of the key role wholegrain lipids and sterols play in cellular structure andfunction, and in human health overall, continues to besupported by even more recent scientific publicationsand government-funded awareness campaigns. A 1998study of 34,000 women showed whole grain nutrition hada strong cardio-protective effect.17 A component of the1999 Nurse’s Health Study (a survey of 75,000 nurses)showed regular whole grain consumption lowered therisk of heart disease by 25% and stroke by 36%.18 Anotherstudy from 2000 published in the Journal of the AmericanMedical Association showed nearly a 50% reduction inischaemic stroke risk for people who normally consumedwhole grain products.19 Whole grain nutrients and theimportance of lipids and sterols continue to be a strongfocus point for nutritional research.20 Here are a few moreexamples: A May 2005 article in Human Nutrition & Metabolismidentified whole grain oils, now nearly devoid from theaverage diet, as anticancer dietary components.21

Two studies conducted in 200522,23 demonstrated theunique benefits of rice bran oil in cholesterol reduction.A 2007 meta-analysis study (a study of an accumulationof evidence)24 concluded that the need for whole grainnutrition is so acute in the population that governmentefforts to promote awareness should be doubled. Theresearchers further concluded that the process of refining grains removed many biologically active agents,including fiber, vitamins, minerals, lipids, sterols and othercompounds. “These biological agents influence cardiovascular risk through effects on glucose metabolism,lipids, lipoproteins, endothelial function, and other mechanisms, potentially accounting for much of theobserved benefit of high intake of whole grains” wrote leadauthor Phillip Mellen of Wake Forest University.

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Tre-en-en Grain ConcentratesFeed your cells

Background: Carotenoids first took centre-stage as pro-tector nutrients in the mid 1970’s when researchers at theUS Department of Health and Human Services and theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified their role in reducing the risk of disease.25

National Cancer Institute researcher Regina Ziegler wenton to reveal its connection to lung cancer prevention in1986,26 and then showed a lower risk of cancer in thosewith the highest dietary intake of fruit and vegetable-derived carotenoids.27,28 The National Health and NutritionExamination Survey (NHANES) and other studies at thetime found carotenoids also functioned in heart healthand reduced the risk of heart disease.29,30 Proof of benefitsoon expanded to include eye health and visual acuity31

and immune function.32

GNLD Research: Research conducted on GNLD’sCarotenoid Complex has spanned more than 15 years. Itstarted with the first ever proof of bioavailability of wholefood-derived carotenoids.33,34 USDA researchers went onto reaffirm its bioavailability and then demonstrated itscardio-protective35,36 (see chart 6) and cellular protectivepowers.37 This was followed by two more studies conducted by the USDA researchers showing CarotenoidComplex’s beneficial effects (see chart 5) on immunecapacity.38,39

In 2001, GNLD researchers reaffirmed bioavailabilityacross an even broader spectrum of dietary carotenoids.40

Latest Findings: Evidence supporting the importance ofcarotenoid intake for health benefits continues to mount.

Concern by leading health authorities over insufficientcarotenoid consumption has resulted in campaigns toincrease awareness for higher levels of carotenoidintake.41,42

Heart and cardiovascular health: A 2004 study conductedby a team at the Harvard Medical School found that menin the top quintile with higher levels of serum carotenoids(including alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene,lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin) had a 40% decreased riskof ischaemic stroke than those with the lowest serum levels.43 Similarly, a 2008 study of 559 men showed thatincreased intake of alpha and beta carotene from carrotsequated to a 17% reduction in risk of cardiovascular(CVD) death.44 Swedish researchers in 2006 correlatedconsistently lower levels of the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta cryptoxanthin with coronary arterydisease occurrence. The healthy controls had significantlyhigher levels of these carotenoids in their blood.45

Prostate health: Since the early nineties, scientificresearch has reported a connection between thecarotenoid Lycopene and prostate cancer risk reduction.One study showed that Lycopene (from tomatoes) present in the diet 4 to 5 times per week, attributed to a25% reduction in prostate cancer risk. The 2-year studyfound that an 82% increase in blood Lycopene levels corresponded with a 42% decrease in prostate-specificantigen (PSA) levels.46

Immune health: Swedish researchers in 2001 observedhigher levels of natural killer cells (NK cells) in peoplewith higher levels of these carotenoids, confirming therelationship between dietary carotenoid intake, immunecapacity and health.Vision health: In a 48-week intervention trial, researcherstested Lutein supplementation for vision protective-function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Theyconcluded: “Comparing the development of vision measures against the natural loss expected to occur overthe course of the 48 weeks, most measures showedreduced decline, and these reductions were significant fornormal illumination”.47

Mental performance: A 2007 French study48 showed a connection between carotenoids and cognitive performance in a healthy elderly population. Study authorTasnime Akbaraly states “In this study, low levels of specific plasma carotenoids (lycopene and zeaxanthin)were associated to poor cognitive functioning in a highlyeducated, community-dwelling elderly population”.Inflammatory health: A 2005 UK study by CambridgeUniversity49 researchers showed that study subjects withthe highest (top one third) daily intake of beta-cryptoxanthin had only about one-half the risk of developing polyarthritis than those in the bottom one-third. Researchers commented that even modest increases in beta-cryptoxanthin intake were associatedwith a significantly reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.T

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Chart 5 - Carotenoid-Flavonoid Immune Response in Women

DATA SOURCE: EFFECTS OF A CAROTENE DEFICIENT DIET ON MEASURES OF OXIDATIVE

SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN ADULT WOMEN; Free Radical

Biology in Medicine, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 537 - 544, 1994.

Carotenoid ComplexProtect your cells

Background: Not only are omega-3 fatty acids in generaldirectly tied to heart health, but their individual abilities tolower triglycerides, increase HDL (good cholesterol),inhibit plaque formation, stabilise heart rhythm and maintain healthy veins and arteries have highlighted thehuge importance of having all eight members of theomega-3 fatty acid family.50 Researchers were aware ofthe benefits of omega-3 fatty acids before they were evenpublicised in the 1970s. In 1936, an epidemiologist studying the Inuit in Greenland observed a zero rate ofincidence of heart disease in the population, and firstdrew connections between heart health and the presenceof these fatty acids in the Inuit diet.51,52 In 1980, Danishresearchers documented the extent of the health protect-ing powers of omega-3 fatty acids by comparing the incidence of several diseases in Danish versus GreenlandInuit populations.53 They showed the Danish populationhad 10 times more cases of heart attacks, 20 times morecases of Psoriasis, 25 times more cases of asthma, and 9times more cases of diabetes than the Inuit.GNLD Research: GNLD introduced Salmon Oil, derivedfrom pure, natural Salmon, as the most biocompatible,whole food, human food chain source of omega-3 fattyacids. Throughout the 1980’s and 90’s the SAB followedscientific and technological developments in omega-3supplementation. In the early 2000’s they directed thedevelopment of a unique technology called “moleculardifferentiation” which, for the first time, allowed consistent identification, quantification and delivery of alleight members of the omega-3 fatty acids family in awhole food supplement. Introduced in 2006, Omega-3Salmon Oil Plus set a new standard for excellence inomega-3 supplementation. Human clinical trials conducted under the direction of SABmember Dr. Arianna Carughi and presented at the annual meeting of theFederation of American Societies forExperimental Biology, April 2008,54 and at the annual meeting of the AmericanCollege of Nutrition in October 2008,55

displayed powerful performance acrossa wide range of benefits, including:56

• Rapid bioavailability and assimilation;resulting in increased anti-inflammatorybalance in cell membranes.

• Triglyceride reduction; on average, 17% in just 8 weeks.

• Improved omega-3 to omega-6 ratio;lowering indicators of heart disease risk.

• Improved omega-3 index; a 38% increase in this cardio-protective measure.

• Lowered the inflammatory index by 68%;reducing the tendency toward inflammation and inflammatory conditions. (see chart 7)

Latest Findings: As more is being discovered about theirimportance to health, many scientists and researchershave coined the term “master molecules” to describe thepower of omega-3 fatty acids. They are fundamental tohuman biochemistry, and have been proven to have animportant role in health, vitality and longevity.Cardiovascular health: In 2005, daily supplementation ofomega-3 fatty acids was shown to reduce risk of fatalheart failures in high risk patients.57 In 2006 researcherslooked at data from more than 340,000 participants andreported a 35% reduction in the risk of cardiac death,and a 45% reduction in the risk of sudden death forthose who consumed 850 mg of dietary omega-3’s eachday.58 A 2007 study from Japan reported that daily supplementation resulted in a 24% reduction in angina(heart pain) and a 19% reduction in non-fatal coronaryevents.59 That same year researchers from the Universityof Athens reported that high dietary omega-3 statusequated to healthier more stable heart rhythm.60

Cognitive health: In 2005 researchers at Louisiana StateUniversity (LSU) showed that fish derived omega-3 fattyacid are not only vital to brain tissue building but exerts aprotective effect against neuro-degeneration and brainfunction decline associated with Alzheimer’s.61 In 2007researchers published data that showed that elderly withthe highest dietary omega-3 intake had significantly lesscognitive decline than those with the lowest.62 That sameyear it was shown that high dietary omega-3 intakeequated to less decline in verbal ability amongst the elderly.63 A 2008 study from Taiwan showed that 1.8grams of supplemental Omega-3 fatty acids may improvegeneral clinical function in patients with mild or moderateAlzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment.64

Vision health: In addition to the impact of omega-3 fattyacids on reducing the risk of Age-related MacularDegeneration (AMD) by 70 per cent,65 omega-3 fatty acids,particularly DHA, have been shown play an important role

in the layer of nerve cells in the retina. Pregnancy and lactation: The impor-tance of omega-3 dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation hasbeen shown in several recent studies.One recent example from Canadareported that an increased intake ofthe omega-3 DHA during pregnancycould produce improved motor function in the offspring in later life.66

Bone and Joint health: Confirming previous studies that omega-3 fattyacids can reduce and even preventinflammation. A study published in theApril 2006 issue of the journalSurgical Neurology showed thatomega-3 supplementation is effectiveagainst back and neck pain.67 In 2007,Swedish researchers showed thatyoung men with the highest dietaryomega-3 fatty acid intake in general;and DHA in particular also amassedthe strongest bones.68

CARDIO RISK

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Chart 7 - Increased Cardio Protection- Decreased Cardio Risk

Omega-3 Salmon Oil PlusBalance & regulate your cells

The first step in preventing chronic disease is changingour diet.Here is what the WHO and other global health authorities have to recommend:Heart disease: Heart disease is the #1 killer, accountingfor nearly one-third of all deaths world-wide. WHO’snutritional strategy for prevention: Increase intake of fish,fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains; maintain ahealthy weight. Likewise the American Heart Association’s8

nutritional keys for heart health: eat more fruits, vegetable,whole grains and fish rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids.Cancer: 20 million people suffered with cancer in 2005.WHO projects a 50% increase in new cases of cancer injust 15 years. They found that dietary factors accountedfor about 30% of cancers cases. To reduce the risk ofcancer, WHO along with The US Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC) and the US NationalCancer Institute (NCI) recommend: Eat more fruits,

vegetables and whole grains. And of course, if yousmoke, quit.9 The NCI in particular draws specific attention to the phyto-nutrient family of carotenoids,highlighting their role in cancer prevention.10

Diabetes: Diabetes is quickly becoming a global epidemic... 171 000 000 people suffered from it in 2005.And it is projected to grow to 366 000 000 by 2030... a114% increase! In fact, many medical researchers nowbelieve that for every person diagnosed with diabetes,there will be two more individuals in a state of ‘pre-diabetes’, resulting in more than 1 000 000 000 diabeticsufferers around the world.The nutritional strategy for prevention according to theAmerican Diabetes Association (ADA)11 and the USNational Institutes of Health (NIH)12: reduce the consumption of fast, convenience and processed foods;eat more fruits, vegetables whole grains and omega-3rich fish and be more physically active.

Diet and the global health crisis:WHO knew!In their 2005 landmark report entitled “Chronic Disease: A vitalInvestment”, the World Health Organization (WHO) spotlights the direstate of global health, and sounds the alarm - we are quickly losing thisbattle. Here is what they told us:7

• Chronic Disease (heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic respiratory diseaseand diabetes) kills twice as many people as all infectious disease, includingHIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, influenza and pneumonia, combined.

• This count is expected to increase 17% by 2015. (Faster than the rate of population growth.)

• Unhealthy eating is identified as the #1 cause, followed by physical inactivity and tobacco use.

Strategy for prevention:1: FIX YOUR DIET 2: GET ACTIVE 3: IF YOU SMOKE, QUIT

Dietary solutions - Whole Grains, Fruits & Vegetables, Fish

Tre-en-en Grain Concentrates Carotenoid Complex Omega-3 Salmon Oil Plus

References1 The Journal of the American Medical Association; August 2007,

Vol. 298, Number 7, pp 754 to 7642 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; July 2007, Vol. 86, Number 1,

pp 221-2293 Burns, J. Low Dietary Nutrient Intakes and Respiratory Health in

Adolescents. Chest. July 2007; 132:238-2454 Journal of Food Chemistry; November 20055 Annual meeting of the Soil Science Society of America, November

2000. http://www.soils.wisc.edu/~barak6 Popkin, B.; global nutrition dynamics: the world is shifting rapidly

toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases. AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition; Vol. 84, pp 289-298, 2006

7 Preventing chronic disease: a vital investment. World HealthOrganization,2005:www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/en/index.html

8 www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=8519 www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/10 www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/prevention-genetics-causes/prevention11 http://www.diabetes.org/nutrition-and-recipes/nutrition/overview.jsp12 http://ndep.nih.gov/13 Gorter, E.; Grendel, F. On bimolecular layers of lipoids on the

chromocytes of the blood., Journal of Experimental Medicine 41: 439-443, 1925

14 Hodgkin, A.L.; Keynes, R.D., Active transport of cations in giant axons.- Journal of Physiology, 128:26-60, 1955

15 Chapman, D. Lipid dynamics in cell membranes. Cell membranes:Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Pathology, pp 13-22, 1975

16 Kubena, K.S.; Fat and mineral metabolism as affected by source of fatand exercise in rats. Texas A&M University, 1987 (unpublished)

17 Whole grain intake may reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease indeath in post-menopausal women: The Iowa Women’s Health Study,Am J Clin Nutr, 1998 68:248-257

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19 Whole grain consumption and risk of ischaemic stroke in women: Aprospective study. JAMA 2000; 284:1534-1540

20 Consumption of a functional oil rich in phytosterols and medium chaintriglycerides oil improves plasma lipid profile in men; Human Nutrition& Metabolism, May 2005: publ on-line

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Mellen, P.b., et al; Nutrition, Metabnolism & Cardiovascular Diseases;published on-line 10.1016

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cancer among white men in New Jersey; 1986, American Journal ofEpidemiology, 123:1080-1093

27 Ziegler, R. G., A review of epidemiologic evidence that carotenoidsreduce the risk of cancer. 1989. Journal of Nutrition. 119:116-122

28 Ziegler, R. G., Vegetables, Fruits, and carotenoids and the risk ofcancer. 1991. Am. Jour. Clin. Nutr. 53:251S-259S

29 Verlangieri, A. J. et al; Fruit and vegetable consumption andcardiovascular disease mortality. 1985. Medical Hypothesis. 16:7-15

30 Rimm, E. B., et al: Dietary intake and risk of coronary heart disease inmen. 1993, New England Journal of Medicine. 328:1450-1456

31 Knekt, P., et al; Serum antioxidant vitamins and risk of cataract. 1992.British Medical Journal. 305:1392-1394

32 Carotenoids in Human Health, 1993. Annals of the New York Academyof Sciences. 691:61-67

33 Carughi, A. & Hooper, FG. Plasma carotenoid concentrations beforeand after supplementation with a carotenoid mixture. 1993. Annals ofthe New York Academy of Sciences. 691:244-245

34 Carughi, A., Hooper, FG.; Plasma carotenoids before and aftersupplementation with a carotenoid mixture; American Journal ofClinical Nutrition 1994; Volume 59, pages 896-9

35 Z Dixon, B Burri, J Erdman, et al ; Effects of a carotene-deficient dieton measures of oxidative susceptibility and superoxide dismutaseactivity in adult women;; Free Radical Biology & Medicine, Volume 17,Number 6, pages 537-44

36 Y Lin, B Burri, et al; Effects of low dietary carotene intake on oxidativesusceptibility in women; FASEB Journal, Volume 10, Number 3, pageA478, April 1996

37 Z Dixon, B Burri, et al; Effect of low carotene diet on malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration; FASEB Journal, Volume 10, Number 3, pageA240, April 1996

38 T Kramer, B Burri, et al; Carotenoid-flavonoid modulated immuneresponse in women; FASEB Journal, Volume 9, Number 3, page A170,April 1995

39 T Kramer, B Burri, et al; Modulated mitogenic proliferativeresponsiveness of lymphocytes in whole-blood culture after a low-carotene diet and mixed-carotenoid supplementation in women;American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997, Volume 65, pages 871-5

40 Carughi, A., Omaye, S., Furst, A.; Plasma carotenoid response tosupplementation of a mix of fruits and vegetables; Proceedings ofExperimental Biology, March 31 – April 4, 2001

41 http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/5ADay/42 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/prevention-genetics-

causes/prevention43 Stroke. 2004; 35:1584-158844 2008, Journal of Nutrition: February, 138:344-350.45 2006. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease. Published

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Eskimos in the Eastern Arctic. Canadian Medical Association Journal.34: 487-501

52 Urguhart, J. A.,1935. The most northerly practice in Canada. CanadianMedical Association Journal. 33:193-196

53 Kromann, N. and Green, A. 1980. Epidemiological studies in theUpernavrik district, Greenland. Acta Medica Scandanavia. 208:401-406.

54 Carughi, A. Effect of omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Omega-3Index and Red Blood Cell (RBC) Membrane Fatty Acid Composition.Annual meeting of Experimental Biology, April 2008

55 Carughi, A. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on markersof cardiovascular health and inflammation. Annual meeting of theAmerican College of Nutrition; October 2008

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