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3 5 A N W N F P A 325 An Am er ican Nat ional Standard August 5, 1994

NFPA 325Guide to

Iti re HazardFlammableLiauids. Gases.and Volatile

1994 Edition

NFPANat io na l F i re Pro tect ion Assoc ia t ion , 1 Batterym arch Park, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101

Copyright National Fire Protection Association

Provided by IHS under license with NFPA

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NOTICEAll questions or other communications relating to this document should be sent only to NFPA headquarters,addressed to the attention of the Comm ittee responsible for the document.For information on the procedures for requesting Technical Committees to issue Formal interpretations,proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, proposing amendments for Com mittee consideration, and appeals onmatters relating to the content of the document, write to the Secretary, Stan dards Council, National FireProtection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 16 of the RegulationsGoverning Committee Projects shall not be considered the official position of NFPA or any of its Committeesand shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal interpretation.Users of this document should consult applicable federal. state and local laws and regulations. NFPA doesnot, by the publication of this document, intend to urge action that is not in complia nce with applicable laws, andthis document may not be construed as doing so.

Pol icy Adop ted by NFPA Boar d of Dir ec to r s on December 3,1982The Board of Directors reaffirms that the National Fire Protection Association recognizes that the toxicityof the products of combustion is an important factor in the loss of life from fire. NFPA has dealt with that sub-ject in its technical committee documents for many years.There is a concern that the growing use of synthetic materials may produce more or additional toxic prod-ucts of combustion in a fire environment. The Board has, therefore, asked all NFPA technical committees toreview the documents for which they are responsible to be sure that the documents respond to this current con-cem . To assist the committe es in meeting this request, the Board has appointed an advisory comm ittee to providespecific guidance to the technical committees on questions relating to assessing the hazards of the products ofcombustion.

Licensing ProvisionThis doc umen t is copyrighted by the N ational Fire Protection A ssociation (NFPA). T he terms and conditionsset forth below do not extend to the index to this document. If public authorities and othe rs reference this docu-ment in laws, ordinances, regulations, and administrative orders or similar instruments, it should be with theunderstanding that this document is informative in nature and does not contain mandatory requirements. Anydeletions. additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority must be noted separately. Those using thismethod (adoption by reference) are requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Sta ndards Council) inwriting of such use.

The term adoption by reference means the citing of the title and publishing information only.(For further explanation, see the Policy Concerning the Adoption, Printing, and Publication of NFPADocuments, which s available upon request from the NFPA.)

S t a t e m e n t o n N F PA P r o c e d u r e sThis material has been developed under the published procedures of the National Fire ProtectionAssociation. which are designed to assure the appointment of technically compe tent Committee s having balancedrepresentation. While these procedures assure the highest degree of care, neither the National Fire ProtectionAssociation. its members, nor those participating in its activities accept any liability resulting from complianceor noncompliance with the provisions given herein, for any restrictions imposed o n materialsor processes, or forthe completeness of the text.NFPA has no power or authority to police orfenforcecompliance wi th the contents of this document, andany certification of products stating compliance with requirements of this document is made at the peril of thecertifier.

99 98 97 96 95 94 5 4 3 2 i R.P.G-AM-94

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NFPA 325 94 = 6 4 7 4 4 4 6 0528264 489325- 1

Copyright O 1994 NFP A, All Rights ReservedNFPA 325Guide to

Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids,Gases, and Volatile Solids

1994 EditionThis edition of NFPA 325, Guide to Fare Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases,and Volatile Solids, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Classification and Prop-erties of Hazardous Chemical Data and acted on by the National Fire Protection Associ-

ation, Inc. at its Annual Meeting held May 16-18, 1994, in San Francisco, CA. It wasissued by the Standards Council on July 14, 1994, with an effective date of August 5 ,1994, and supersedes ali previous editions.

The 1994 edition of this document has been approved by the American NationalStandards Institute.

Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical rule in the margin of the pageson which they appear. These lines are included as an aid to the user in identifyingchanges from the previous edition.

Origin and Development of NFPA 325The first edition of NFPA 325, 325111, was presented to the Association in 1930. Suc-

cessively revised and enlarged editions were published in 1935, 1941, 1945, 1947, 1951,1954, 1960, 1965, 1969, 1977, and 1984.This 1994 edition is an amended version of the 1991 edition. The hazard identificationratings of NFPA 704, Standard System fo r the IdentiJcation of the Fire Hazards of Materials, havebeen updated to be consistent with changes made to chemicals listed in NFPA 49, HazardousChemicals Data. These are indicated by a vertical rule in the left-hand margin.This document is not a code, standard, or recommended practice, as these terms are

defined by NFPA. It is only a compilation of basic fire protection properties of variousmaterials, prefaced by an explanation of the properties covered. The data containedhave been collected from numerous authoritative sources, including the US. Bureau ofMines, Factory Mutual Research Corporation, and Underwriters Laboratories Inc., asweil as from the manufacturers of the materials. The originating source of the data is onfile at NFPA headquarters and may be obtained upon request.

Th e table presented here summarizes available data on the fire hazard properties ofabout 1,500 substances, listed alphabetically by their chemical name. In addition, about500 synonyms are listed alphabetically and cross-referenced to their p roper entries.

Th e valuCs for any given p roperty are representative an d deemed suitable for generaluse. Where differences exist in reference sources, the value selected for inclusion in thiscompilation is conservative. Slight differences are to be expected between data sources,due to differences in the purity of test samples, minor differences in test apparatus, andminor differences in technique and observation. In almost all cases, these minor varia-tions have little practical significance. Where there is difference of opinion as to theactual value of a property of a given material or where the validity of the data presentedis questioned, further tests should then be conducted on representative samples of thespecific material in question by a qualified testing laboratory.

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NFPA 325 94 = 6474446 0 5 2 8 2 b 5 315 W325-2 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Hazardous Chemical DataF. Owen Kubias, Chair

Rocky River, OHRobert A. Michaels, Secretuly

RAM TRAC Corp., NYJacqueline E. Alpert, Underwriters Laborato-ries Inc., ILJohn D. Arterberry, Northridge Hospital, CAWilliam J. Bradford, Brookfield, CTLaurence G. Britton, Union Carbide Corp.,wvJohn A. Davenport, Industrial Risk Insurers,CTJohn B. Farley, M&M Protection Consultants,CAHoward H. Fawcett, Wheaton, MDRep. American Chemical SocietyRichard G. Gann, Natl. Inst. of Standards andTechnology, MDMark I. Grossman, Reliance Natl. Risk Spe-cialists, NYWilliam Heitzig, The Dow Chemical Co.,MIRep. Chemical Manufacturers AssociationRichard Homer, U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency, DC

Chaman L. Aggarwal, Industrial Risk Insur-ers, CTTodd M. Christensen, M & M Protection Con-sultants, CA

(Alt. to J. A. Davenport)

(Alt. toJ. B . Farley)

Jan van der Linde, Samsorn Chemical Publish-ers, Netherlands

Alternates

Nonvoting

Ron A. Kirsch, Occupational Health ServicesInc., TNArthur A. Krawetz, Phoenix Chemical Labora-tory Inc., ILRoland J. Land, Jardine Insurance Brokers,NYJohn Moskal, Arthur D. Little, Inc., MAJenniferL.Nelson, AT&T Co., NJRep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection SectionCurtis G. Payne, U.S. Coast Guard (GMTH-l),DCGary Robinson, Liberty Mutual InsuranceCo., ILWilliam J. Sattereld, Hartford Steam BoilerInspection & Insurance Co., CTJames Saylor, Aetna Life & Casualty, Rep.American Insurance Services Group, Inc. CTNorman V. Steere, Norman V. Steere Assoc.,Inc., MN

Rep. The Alliance of American Insurers

Robert A. Kingsbury, Underwriters Laborato-ries Inc., IL(Alt. to J. E. Alpert)

Ira Wainless, U.S. Dept. of Labor/OSHA, DC

Guy R Colonna, NFPA StaffLiaisonThis IUt rep esa ts the mabership al the time the CommitteeWIIS balloted on the text of thzs edition. Since that time, changesin the membership ma9 have occurred.NOT E :tion or any docume nt developed by the Commit tee on which the mem ber serves.

Membership on a Commit tee shal l not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Associa-

Committee Scope: This C ommittee shall have primary responsibility for docu men ts on the classification ofthe relative hazards of all chemical solids, liquids, an d gases and to compile data on the haz ard pro pertiesof these hazardous chemicals.

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NFPA 325 94 m b 4 7 4 4 4 b 0528266 251 mCONTENTS 325-3

ContentsChapter 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325- 4

1 - 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 325- 41-2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 5 - 41-3 Definitions of Fire Hazard Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325- 41-4 Extinguishing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325- 61-5 Suggested Hazard Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325- 71-6 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325- 91-7 Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 5 - 9

Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids. Gases. andVolatile Solids Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325-10



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NFPA 325Guide to

Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids,Gases, and Volatile Solids

1994 Edition

Chapter 1 General1-1 Scope.mable gases, and volatile flammable solids.1-2 Purpose. The purpose of this guide is to provide theuser with basic fire hazard information on the materialscovered by the scope.1-3 Definitions of Fire Hazard Properties.1-3.1 N o single fire hazard property, such as flash pointor ignition temperature, should be used to describe orappraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product,assembly, or system under actual fire conditions. The firehazard properties given in this guide have been deter-mined under controlled laboratory conditions and mayproperly be used to measure or describe the response ofmaterials, products, assemblies, or systems under theseconditions. Properties measured under these conditionsmay be used as elements of a fire risk assessment onlywhen such assessment takes into account all of the factorsthat are pertinent to the evaluation of the fire hazard of agiven situation.1-3.2 The pertinent literature seldom mentions thedegree of purity of the material being tested; even boilingpoint or melting point data are frequently missing. Thesedata, if available, would p ermit judgi ng the purity of thematerial and, hence, the reliance to be placed on the val-ues reported, particularly with respect to flash point andflammable range. Finally, it must be remembered thatthere is little industrial use of high purity materials. As aconsequence of these considerations, no values of purityare given in this compilation. Th e melting points and boil-ing points should be regarded as approximations.1-3.3 Flash Point. The flash point of a liquid is the min-imum temperature at which the liquid gives off sufficientvapor to form an ignitible mixtu re with air ne ar the surfaceof the liquid or within the test vessel used. By ignitiblemixture it is meant a mixture that is within the flammablerange (between the upper and lower limits) and, thus, iscapable of propagation of flame away from the source ofignition. Some evaporation takes place below the flashpoint, but not in quantities sufficient to form an ignitiblemixture. Flash point applies mostly to flammable and com-bustible liquids, although certain solids, such as camphorand naphthalene, that slowly volatilize at ordinary roomtemperature, or certain liquids, such as benzene, thatfreeze at relatively high temperatures, will exhibit a flashpoint in the solid state.

The flash points given in this manual are, for the mostpar t, closed cup flash points. Where the only available datais based on open cup tests, this is designated by the initials

This guide applies to flammable liquids, flam-

oc after the entry. In the case of some of the older dain this manual, it could not be determined whether closed cup or open cup proc edure had been used. In thecases, it has been assumed that the data is based on closcup tests. For further information on the flash point teprocedures used, see NFPA 321, Standard on Basic Classication of Flammble and Combustible Liquzds.1-3.4 Ignition Temperature. The ignition temperatuof a substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas, is the minmum temperatu re required to cause self-sustained combustion, independently of the heating or heated elemenIgnition temperatures observed under one set of condtions may differ markedly from those observed undanother set of conditions. For this reason, ignition tempeatures should be regarded as approximations. Some of thvariables known to affect ignition tempera ture are the pecentage of the gas or vapor in the mixture, the shape ansize of the test vessel, the rate an d duration of heating, tkind and temperature of the ignition source, and catalytor other effects of materials that may be present. As theare many differences in ignition tempera ture test methodsuch as the size and shape of the test vessel, the material construction of the test vessel, method and rate of heatinresidence time, and method of flame detection, it is nsurprising that reported ignition temperatures may difffor the same material.

The majority of the data reported in this manual havbeen obtained by one of two methods: ASTM D286 anASTM D2155. Both have been withdrawn by the AmericaSociety for Testing and Materials. ASTM D2155 has beereplaced by ASTM E659, Standard Test Method for Autoigntion Temperatures of Liquid Chemicals. An earlier test methoASTM D2883, Test Method for Reaction Threshold Temperatuof Liquid and Solid Materials, provides for the study of autignition phenomena at reduced and elevated pressureFederal Test Method Standard 7 9 1 B , Method 5050,another current test method that provides for the mesurement of autoignition properties in the same termused by the ASTM procedures.

Previous test methods relied only on visual detection flame. Consequently, the ignition temperatures obtaineby these procedures were the minimum temp eratu res which hot-flame ignition occurred. The current test metods employ thermoelectric flame detection, thus permiting the detection of nonluminous o r barely luminous reations that were difficult or impossible to detect by the oldprocedures. As a result, the following terms have come inuse:

A rapid, self-sustaining, sometimaudible gas-phase reaction of the sample or its decompotion products with an oxidant. A readily visible yellow blue flame usually accompanies the reaction.

A relatively slow, self-sustaininbarely luminous gas-phase reaction of the sample or idecomposition products with an oxidant. Cool flames avisible only in a darkened area.

A slow, nonluminous gas-phareaction of the sample or its decomposition products wian oxidant.

A relatively fast, self-sustaining, enegetic, sometimes luminous, sometimes audible reactio

Hot-Flame Ignition.

Cool-Flame Ignition.

Pre-FlarnP Reaction.

Catalytic Reaction.

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that occurs as a result of the catalytic action of any sub-stance on the sample or its decomposition products, inadmixture with an oxidant.

Non-Combustive Reaction. A reaction other than combus-tion or thermal degradation that is undergone by certainsubstances when they are exposed to heat. Thermal poly-merization is an example of this type of reaction.

Reaction Threshold. The lowest temperature at whichany reaction of the sample or its decomposition productsoccurs, for any sampleioxidant ratio.

Aut oipi t ion Temperature AIT) . The currently acceptedterm for t he Hot-Flame Ignition Temperature.Cool-Flame Reac tion Threshold CF T) . Th e lowest temper-ature at which cool-flame ignitions are observed for a par-ticular system. Previously undefined.Prefiame-Reaction Threshold RU ) . The lowest tempera-tur e at which exo thermic gas-phase reactions a re observed

for a particular system. Previously undefined.Previously, reported ignition temperatures, including

those given in this manual, have corresponded roughly tothe autoignition temperature (AIT), provided that pr operallowances were made for empirical differences in the mea-surement technique. In the future, it is expected that CFTand R T will routinely be reported. Both ar e lower thanAIT and are significant factors to be evaluated in theassessment of the overall ignition risk of a given system.Cool flames are self-sustaining, exothermic ignition reac-tions that, under proper circumstances, may act as the ini-tiator of more energetic hot-flame reactions. Pre-flamereactions have the capacity, under adiabatic or near-adiabatic conditions, to elevate the temperature of a fuel/air mixture to the point where cool- or hot-flame ignitionmay occur.

As an illustration of the effects of test methods, the igni-tion temperature of hexane, as deter mined by three differ-ent methods, are 437F (225C),637F (336C), and 950F(510C). Th e effect of percentage composition is shown bythe following ignition temperatures for pentane: 1018.4F(548.4C) at 1.5 percent, 935.6F (502.4C) at 3.75 percent,and 888.8F (476.3C) at 7.65 percent. Th e following igni-tion temperatures for carbon disulfide demonstrate theeffect of the size of the test vessel: 248F (120C) in a 200ml flask, 230F ( 1 10T ) in a 1 liter flask, and 205F (96OC)in a 10 liter flask. The effect of the material of constructionof the test vessel is shown by the following ignition temper-atu res for benzene: 1060F (572C) in a quartz vessel and1252F (678C) in an iron vessel.

Th e ignition temperature of a combustible solid is influ-enced by the rate of air flow, rate of heating, and size of thesample. Small sample tests have shown that, as the rate ofair flow or the rate of heating is increased, the ignitiontemperature decreases to a minimum value, thenincreases.1-3.5 Flammable Explosive) Limits. In the case of gasesor vapors that form flammable mixtures with air, oxygen,or other oxidizers, such as chlorine and nitrous oxide,there is a minimum concentration of the material below

which propagation of flame does not occur. Similarly,there is a maximum concentration above which propaga-tion of flame does not occur. These boundary mixtures,which, if ignited, will just propagate flame, are known asthe lower and upper flammable or explosive limits andare usually expressed as percent by volume of the materialin air (or other oxidant). In popular terms, a mixturebelow the lower flammable limit (LFL) is too lean toburn, while a mixture above the upper flammable limit(UFL) is too rich to burn .

The values for the flammable limits given in this manualare based on atmospheric temperatures and pressures,unless otherwise indicated. The re will be considerable vari-ation in flammable limits at temperatures and pressuresabove or below ambient. The general effect of an increasein temperature or pressure is to decrease the lower limitand to increase the upper limit, i.e., broaden the rangebetween the t w o limits. A decrease in the temperature orpressure has the opposite effect. In most cases, the valuesgiven in this manual represent the concentration limitsover which hot-flame ignitions have been observed. If cool-flame ignitions a re considered, wider flammable ranges ar eobserved.

Research has shown that flammability limits are not afundamental combustion property, but depend on manyvariables, including the surface-to-volume ratio of the testvessel, the direction of air flow, and the velocity of air flow.In some experiments conducted at laminar flow velocities,the upper limit increased with increasing flow velocity,reached a maximum that was independent of the diameterof the test vessel, then decreased as flow became turbulent.The lower limit has been unaffected by air flow rate.

ASTM E681 is the current test method for determiningflammable limits. However, much of the data wereobtained in small diameter tubes with ignition at the bot-tom so that flame propagation was upward. For mosthydrocarbons, this method is appropriate. However, forhighly oxygenated, aminated, or halogenated materials,larger diameter equipment is required to avoid quenchingof the flame. Larger diameter test equipment or moreenergetic ignition sources may better reflect real worldburning conditions.

The terms flammable limits and explosive limits areinterchangeable.

The range of concentration between the lower flamma-ble limit and the upper flammable limit is known as theflammable range, also referred to and synonymous withexplosive range. All concentrations of a gas or vapor inair that lie between the flammable limits are ignitible.1-3.6 Specific Gravity Relative Density). The specificgravity of a substance is the ratio of the weight of that sub-stance to the weight of an equal volume of another sub-stance. In this manual, the other substance is water. Thevalues given in this manual for specific gravity are roundedto the nearest tenth. For materials whose specific gravity isfrom 0.95 to 1 O, the value is shown as 1 O - For materialswhose specific gravity is from 1.0 to 1.05, the value is givenas 1.0+ . In a few cases, such as fuel oils, where the per-centage composition of the substance varies, specific grav-ity is given as less than (< ) or greater than (> ) 1.

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NFPA 325 94 6474446 0528269 TbO HPROPERTIES OF FL IMMABLELI Q U I D S , GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

1-3.7 Vapor Density. Th e vapor density of a substance isthe ratio of the weight of a volume of pur e vapor o r gas (noair present ) to an equal volume of dry air at the same tem-perature and pressure. It is calculated as the ratio of themolecular weight of the substance to the molecular weightof air, 29. A vapor density of less than 1 indicates that thesubstance is lighter than air and will tend to rise in a rela-tively calm atmosphere . A vapor density of greater than 1indicates that the substance is heavier than air and maytravei along grade level for a considerable distance to asource of ignition and flash back, assuming the gas orvapor is flammable.1-3.8 Boiling Point. The boiling point of each liquid isgiven at a pressure of 14.7 psia (760 mm Hg). Where anaccurate boiling point is not available for a specific entry orwhere a specific entry is actually a mixture of componentsand does not have a constant boiling point, the boilingpoint given is the 10 percent distillation point as deter-mined by ASTM D86, Standard Method of Test fo r Distillationo Petroleum Products.1-3.9 Melting Point. Melting points are reported in thismanual for most materials that melt at 70F (21C) orhigher. However, the melting point is not available forsome of these materials.1 - 3 . 1 0 Water Solubility. Water solubility data arereported only for those materials for which reliable infor-mation is available, because of the lack of uniformity withwhich water solubility data are reported in the literatureand because of the conflicting statements that sometimesaccompany these data. Whe re such data is reported in thismanual, N o indicates that the materials solubility is lessthan 10 grams per 100 milliliters (mi) of water; Slightindicates solubility is between 10 and 24 grams per 100 miof water; Yes indicates solubility of 25 or more grams per100 ml of water.

No, Very Slight, Slight, and Yes are sometimesused without definition in the literature to describe watersolubility. In those cases where doubt exists as to a materi-als solubility in water, tests should be conducted.

Information on the degre e to which a material is solublein water is useful in determining effective extinguishingmethods and agents. For example, alcohol-resistant firefighting foams are usually recom mended for water-solubleflammable and combustible liquids. Also, fires involvingwater-soluble liquids can be extinguished by dilution withwater, although this method is not commonly used becauseof the amount of water needed to dilute most flammableliquids to the point of noncombustibility and because of thedanger of frothing if the liquid is heated to the boilingpoint of water, 2 12F (1 OOOC).1-4 Extinguishing Methods.1-4.1 General. The extinguishing methods commonlyused for fires involving flammable liquids are suitable foruse on fires involving most of the materials listed in thismanual. Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporiz-ing liquid extinguishing agents have all been found to besuitable for use on flammable liquid fires of moderate size,such as in dip tanks or small spills of no appreciable depth.

The following comments apply to other extinguishingmethods that have been found effective for the control oextinguishment of some flammable liquids fires.

Water spray or fog can be particularly effective on fireinvolving flammable liquids and volatile solids whose flaspoints exceed 100F (37.8C). However, with liquids whosflash points exceed 212F (100C),frothing may occur. Foinformation on the installation of water spray protectiofor flammable and combustible liquids, see NFPA 15, Standard fo r Wate r Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection.

Automatic sprinklers are similar to water spray systemin extinguishing effectiveness. Their principal value is iabsorbing the heat from the fire and keeping the surroundings cool until the flammable liquids fire eitheburns out or is extinguished by other means. Automatisprinklers have a good record of fire control in garages, ipaint an d oil rooms, and in storage areas where liquids arkept in closed containers. In some industries that uswater-soluble liquids, such as the distilled spirits industrysprinkler systems have been used to achieve protection anextinguishment with excellent results. Where automatisprinklers are used to protect open tanks, overflow drainare necessary to prevent sprinkler discharge from overflowing the tank and spreading burning liquid to otherparts of the property. For further information on automatic sprinklers, see NFPA 13, Standard fo r the Installation oSprinkler Systems.

Hose streams, both solid and straight streams, are frequently used to cool tanks, containers, and equipmenfrom the heat of an exposing fire. They are also used fowashing burning spills away from areas where the burningliquid could ignite other material. However, hose streammay also spread and extend the spill fire, if improperlyused. Also, hose streams applied to open containers oburning liquid will only serve to spread the fire, either bysplashing the burning liquid out of the container or bycausing frothing of the liquid.

Use of automatic-closing covers on open tanks or equipment containing flammable or combustible liquid is alsoeffective in fire control and extinguishment. The covershould be operated by a fusible link, with a manual override. Such covers are suitable for any size tank excepwhere objects being di pped or conveyor systems may prevent tight closing of the cover.1-4.2 Selecting an Extinguishing Method. Th e selectioof the extinguishing method used should be made withsome degree of caution. Flowing fires, such as may becaused by a leaking overhead pipe, with burn ing liquid onthe ground, are always difficult to extinguish. The amounof extinguishing agent and its rate and method of application must be carefully chosen in relation to the size andtype of fire anticipated and may call for special engineeringjudgment. The use of approved extinguishing equipmenis also a major consideration.

The chemical and physical properties of the materiainvolved will also affect the choice of extinguishing methodand agent. Standard fire fighting foam cannot be used onfires involving water-soluble flammable liquids; the liquiddestroys the foam blanket. Those properties that affecextinguishment were taken into consideration when selecting the methods given for each material in the column



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heade d ?Extinguishing Methods.? The following informa-tion describes the properti es of the material that dictate thenumerically designated entries in this column.

i . Water May Be Ineffective. This precaution applies tomateria ls that have a flash point below 100F (373C).Obviously, the lower the flash point, the less effective thewater will be. However, water can be used on low-flashpoint liquids when applied as a spray to absorb heat an d toprotect exposed material?of structures. Much of the effec-tiveness of using water sp ray, particularly from hose lines,will depend on the method of application. With properselection of nozzles, even gasoline spill fires can be extin-guished when several coordinated hose streams are used tosweep the flames from the surface of the burning liquid.Water has also been used to extinguish fires involvingwater-soluble flammable liquids by cooling and diluting theliquid. Th e distilled spir its industry has been especially suc-cessful in using water to control and extinguish fires of thistype.

Thus, the phrase ?water may be ineffective? indicatesthat, although water can be used to cool and protectexposed material, water may not be capable of extinguish-ing the fire unless used under favorable conditions byexperienced fire fighters trained in fighting all types offlammable liquids fires.

2. Water or Foam May Cause Frothing. This statementapplies to liquids having flash points above 2 12F ( 100C)and is included only as a precaution. It does not indicatethat water or fire fighting foam should not be used. Thefrothing may be violent and could endanger any fire fight-ers located too close to the burning liquid, particularlywhen solid streams of water are directed onto the hot,burning liquid. On the other hand, a carefully appliedwater spray has frequently been used to achieve extin-guishment by deliberately causing frothing only on the su r-face of the liquid; the foaming action blankets the surfaceof the liquid and extinguishes the fire by excluding oxy-gen. This tactic is especially successful with high viscosityliquids. For example, certain asphalts have a low-flashpoint solvent added for fluidity, but because of the rela-tively high viscosity, frothing action is able to achieve firecontrol a nd extinguishment.

3. Water May Re Used to Blanket Fire. This statement isapplicable to those liquids that have a specific gravity of 1.1or greater and a re not water-soluble. However, the watermust be gently applied to the surface of the liquid, prefer-ably with a fine spray or fog nozzle.

4. Water May Be Ineffective, Except as a Blanket. This state-ment is used as a warning for liquids whose flash points arebelow 100F 373C)and applies only to those liquids thathave a specific gravity of 1.1 or greater and are not water-soluble. Here again, the water must be gently applied tothe surface of the liquid.

5 . Alcohol Foam. Alcohol-resistant fire fighting foam isrecommended for use on all water-soluble liquids or polarsolvent-type liquids, except for those that are only ?veryslightly? soluble. Certain jud gme nt factors are introduced ,however, since ordinary fire fighting foam may be used onsome liquids that are only ?slightly? soluble, particularlyif the foam is applied at higher-than-normal applica-tion rates. Conversely, some flammable liquids, such as

the higher molecular weight alcohols and amines, willdestroy alcohol-resistant foams, even when applied at veryhigh rates. Foams should not be used on water-reactivemateriais.

Some recently developed alcohol-resistant foams havebeen listed for use on both polar and nonpolar liquids.These ?multipurpose? foams ar e suitable for use on nearlyali flammable liquids except those that are water-reactiveand are preferred for flammable liquid fires because theygreatly minimize the problems of foam selection. Fire fight-ing foam suppliers should be consulted for recommenda-tions regarding types of foam and application rates .

6 . Stop Flow of Gas. For fires involving flammable gases,the best procedure is to stop the flow of the gas beforeattempting extinguishment of the fire. To extinguish thefire while allowing continued flow of the gas is extremelydangerous; an explosive cloud of gasiair mixture may becreated that, if ignited, may cause far more damage thanthe original fire. Extinguishing the flame using carbondioxide o r dry chemical may be desirable to allow immedi-ate access to valves to shu t off the flow of gas, but this mustbe done carefully. In many cases, it will be preferable toallow continued burning, while protecting exposures withwater spray, until the flow of gas can be stopped.1-5 Suggested Hazard Identification.1-5.1 The increased use of chemicals, many of whichintroduced hazards other than flammability, led to theneed for a simple hazard identification system that couldbe immediately recognized by emergency response person-nel. This need led to the development of the NFPA 704Hazard Identification System, otherwise known as theNFPA 704 diamond. This system is completely described inNFPA 704, Standard System f o r the Identification of the FireHazards o Materials. The system provides simple, readilyrecognized, and easily understood markings that give, at aglance, a general idea of the inherent hazards of the mate-rial and the order of severity of these hazards, as theyrelate to fire protection, exposure, and control. The sys-tem?s objectives ar e to provide an appropriate alert signaland on-the-spot information to safeguard the lives of bothpublic and private emergency response personnel. Thesystem also assists in planning for effective fire fightingoperations and may be used by plant design engineers andplant protection and safety personnel.

The system identifies the hazards of a material in termsof three categories: ?Health,? ?Flammability,? and ?Reac-tivity.? i t indicates the order of severity of these hazards bymeans of a numerical rating of O , indicating no special haz-ard, to 4, indicating extreme hazard. The th ree hazard cat-egories were selected after studying about 35 inherent andenvironmental hazards of materials that could affect firefighting operations. The f iv e degrees of hazard weredecided upon as necessary to give the required informa-tion. Finally, the system had to be relatively simple andreadily understood.

While the system is basically simple in application, thehazard evaluation required for the use of the system in aspecific location must be made by experienced, technicallycompetent persons. The ir judgm ent must be based on fac-tors that encompass a knowledge of the inherent hazardsof different materials, including the extent of change inbehavior to be anticipated under conditions of fire expo-sure an d control.



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NFPA 325 94 D b47444b 0528273 b 3 325-8 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIOUIDS. GASES. VOIATILE SOLIDS-1-5.2 Degrees of Hazard. The columns under Sug-gested Hazard Identification in this manual give theNFPA 704 severity ratings for each of the hazard categoriesfor which information was available. Blank spaces indicatethat sufficient information was not available for a severityrating to be assigned. It should be understood that theassignment of the ratings is based on jud gment and thatextenuat ing circumstances in plants an d processes may dic-tate a change in any individual rating.

The following commentary on the degrees of hazard arean interpretation of the information contained in NFPA704, Standa rd System f o r the Identzfication of the Fire Hazards ofMaterials, and are specifically related to fire fighting. SeeNFPA 704 for more detailed information.

Note: The hazard identification rating definitions belowand the actual ratings in the text are based on definitionsfrom the 1985 edition o f NFPA 704. All materials containedin this guide have not yet been rated using the new defini-tions appearing in the 1990 edition ofNFPA 704.

1-5.3 Health Hazard Rating. In general, the health haz-ard in fire fighting is that of a single exposure that mayvary from a few seconds to as much as an h our . Th e phys-ical exertion demanded in fire fighting operations or otheremergencies may be expected to intensify the effects of anyexposure. Only hazards arising out of the inherent proper-ties of the material are considered. The following informa-tion on the five degrees of hazard are based on the infor-mation in NFPA 704 and relate to the protectiveequip ment normally available to fire fighters.4 Materials that, on very short exposure, could causedeath or major residual injury, including those that

are too dangerou s to be approa ched without special-ized protective equipment. A few whiffs of the vaporor gas can cause death, or contact with the vapor orliquid may be fatal, if it penetrates the fire fightersnormal protective gear. The normal full protectiveclothing and breathing apparatus available to thetypical fire fighter will not provide adequate protec-tion against inhalation or skin contact with thesematerials.Materials that, on short exposure, could cause seri-ous temporary or residual injury, including thoserequiring protection from all bodily contact. Firefighters may ente r the area only if they are protectedfrom all contact with the material. Full protectiveclothing, including self-contained breathing appara-tus, coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands a rou nd legs,arms, and waist, should be provided. No skin surfaceshould be exposed.

3

2 Materials that, on intense or continued (but notchronic) exposure, could cause temporary incapaci-tation or possible residual injury, including thoserequiring the use of respiratory protective equip-ment that has an independent air supply. Thesematerials are hazardous to health, but areas may beentered freely if personnel are provided with full-face mask self-contained breathing apparatus thatprovides complete eye protection.

1 Materials that, on exposure, would cause irritation,but only minor residual injury, including those

requiring the use of an approved air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous tohealth and only breathing protection is needed.Materials that, on exposure under fire conditionsoffer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustiblmaterial.

O

1-5.4 Flammability Hazard Rating. Susceptibility to ignition and burning is the basis for assigning the degreof hazard within this category. The method of attackinthe fire is influenced by this susceptibility factor. For furthe r information, refer to Section 1-4, Extinguishing Methods. The following information is based on the definitions of Flammability Hazard Rating contained in NFPA704, Standard System or the Identzfication of the Fire Hazards oMaterials.

This degree includes flammable gases, pyrophoricliquids, and Class IA flammable liquids. The preferred method of fire attack is to stop the flow omaterial or to protect exposures while allowing thefire to bur n itself out.This degree includes Class I B and IC flammable liquids and materials that can be easily ignited undealmost all normal temperature conditions. Watemay be ineffective in controlling or extinguishingfires in such materials.This degree includes materials that must be moderately heated before ignition will occur and includeClass II and IIIA combustible liquids and solids andsemi-solids that readily give off ignitible vaporsWater spray may be used to extinguish fires in thesematerials because the materials can be cooled belowtheir flash points.This degree includes materials that must be preheated before ignition will occur, such as Class IIIBcombustible liquids and solids and semi-solids whoseflash point exceeds 200F (93.4C), as well as mosordinary combustible materials. Water may causefrothing if it sinks below the surface of the burningliquid and turns to steam. However, a water fog thais gently applied to the surface of the liquid will causefrothing that will extinguish the fire.This degree includes any material that will not bu rn

1-5.5 Reactivity Hazard Rating. The assignment of thedegree of reactivity hazard is based on the potential of thematerial to release energy either by itself or when in contact with water. In assigning this rating, fire exposure wasconsidered, along with exposure to shock and pressureThe following information is based on the definitions ofReactivity Hazard Rating contained in NFPA 704, StandardSystem fo r the Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials.4 This degre e includes those materials that, in them

selves, are readily capable of detonation, explosivedecomposition, or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures. This includes materials thaare sensitive to localized mechanical or thermal



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shock. If a material having this Reactivity HazardRating is involved in a n advanced or massive fire, thearea should be immediately evacuated.This degree includes materials that, in themselves,are capable of detonation, explosive decomposition,or explosive reaction, but require a strong initiatingsource o r heating u nder confinement. This includesmaterials that ar e sensitive to thermal and mechani-cal shock at elevated temperatu res a nd pressures an dmaterials that react explosively with water. Firesinvolving these materials should be fought from aprotected location.This degree includes materials that are normallyunstable and readily undergo violent chemicalchange, but are not capable of detonation. Thisincludes materials that can undergo chemical changewith rapid release of energy at normal temperaturesand pressures a nd materials that can undergo violentchemical changes at elevated temperatures and pres-sures. This also includes materials that may reactviolently with water or that may form potentiallyexplosive mixtures with water. In advanced or mas-sive fires involving these materials, fire fightingshould be done from a safe distance or from a pro-tected location.This degree includes materials that are normally sta-ble, but that may become unstable at elevated tem-peratures and pressures and materials that will reactwith water with some release of energy, but not vio-lently. Fires involving these materials should beapproached with caution.This degr ee includes materials that a re normally sta-ble, even under fire exposure conditions, and that donot react with water. Normal fire fighting proceduresmay be used.

3

2

1

O

1-5.6 Additional Markings. The fourth space in theNFPA 704 rating is reserved for the use of two special sym-bols: O X , to denote materials that are oxidizing agents,and W , to denote materials that ar e water-reactive.1-6 Additional Information.1-6.1 Mixtures with Oxygen. Unless otherwise indi-cated, all values in this manual are based on tests con-ducte d in normal air. For mixtures involving enriched oxy-gen atmospheres, the values may differ and an increase inhazard is probable.

1-6.2 Mixtures of Materials. Mixtures of tw o or morematerials may have different fire hazard properties thanany of the components. Although it is common practice to

base the fire hazard of a mixture on that of the most haz-ardous component, consideration should be given to test-ing the mixture itself.1-6.3 Mists and Froths. In finely divided form, such as amist or spray, liquids can be ignited at temperatures con-siderably below their flash points. As in the case of vapors,the droplets of mist or spray must be present at a mini-mum concentration. Similarly, froths may be ignited attemperatu res below the flash point.1-7 Indexing.1-7.1 The materials in this manual are listed alphabeti-cally by the name considered to be the most common.Other names and synonyms are indexed to this commonname.1-7.2 Th e following prefixes are considered to be a partof the name of the material. As such, they a re generally nothyphenated an d are used to alphabetically index the mate-rial when they appear at the beginning of the name.

Bis Is0 TetraDi Mono TriHexa Penta Tris

1-7.3 Th e prefix mono is often omitted. Thus, mono-chlorobenzene is frequently referred to as chlorobenzene.This manual uses the more common form. The alternateform is not given, unless it is also frequently used.1-7.4 The following prefixes are not considered to bepart of the name of the material. As such, they ar e hyphen-ated, but they are not used to alphabetically index thematerial.

o- (ortho) d- (dextro)m- (meta) 1- (levulo)p- (para) N - (nitro)n- (normal) a- alpha)sec- (secondary) - (beta)tert- (tertiary) Y- (gamma)

These prefixes may be written out in full, as inparadichlorobenzene. In this manual, they are usuallyabbreviated. Thus, paradichlorobenzene appears in thismanual as p-dichlorobenzene and is indexed under D. Inaccordance with custom, the prefix n-, for normal, isomitted, unless it appears in the middle of a name.1-7.5 Th e prefixes cis and trans may be placed eitherat the beginning or the end of a name. In this manual , theyare always listed at the end.



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PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQU IDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

Fire Hazard Properties o f Flammable liqu ids,Gases, and Volatile Solids TableSEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDFLAMMABLE Vap or EXTINGUISHING HAARDF W H IGNITION LIMITS Sp.Gr. Densily BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol . (Water (Air POINT Water Flarnrna- Reac-O 1C) OF [Cl Lower Upper =i =i F (C) Soluble Health biliiy tiviiy

Abalyn See Methyl Abietate.Acetal - 5 446 1.6 10.4 0.8 4.1 215 Slight 1 2 3 OCH3cWCzHd 2 (-21) (230) (1021 5(Acetoldehydediethylocetol)Acetaldehyde -38 347 4.0 60 0.8 1.5 70 Yes 1 3 4 2CHBCHO (- 39 ) (175) (21) 5(Acetic Aldehyde)(Ethanol) Note: Polymerizes. See Hazardous Chemicals Doto.Acetaldehydediethyi-Acetaldol See Aldol.

acetal See Acetol.

Aceianilide 337 985 10 1.21 4.65 582 3 1 OCHjCONHCdHs (169) (530) (306)(OC)Note: Melting point 237 (i 4).Acetic Acid, 103 867 4.0 19.9 @ 1.0+ 2.1 245 Yes 5 3 2 OG i (39) (463) 200 (93.4) (118)CH3COOH Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Doto.

Note: Ordinary acetic acid is the same os glacial acetic acid with water.The properties of ordinory ocetic acid depend upon the strengthof thesolution. In concentrated orm its properties opprooch thoseof glacialacetic acid. In dilute solution it is nonhazardous.See Isopropyl Acetate.

Acetic Acid, WaterSolutions(Ethanoic Acid)YesI

Acetic Acid, isopropy l EsterAcetic Acid, Methy l EsterAcetic Acid, n-Propy l Ester

See Methyl Acetate.See Propyl Acetate.

Acetic Aldehyde See Acetaldehyde.Acet ic Anhydride 120 600 2.7 10.3 1.1 3.5 284 Yes 5 3 2 1I ( c H ~ W 2 0 (491 (316) (140)(Ethonoic Anhydride) Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Dato.Acetic Ester See Ethyl Acetate.Acetic Ether See Ethyl Acetate.Acetoacetanillde 365CH3COCHzCONHCaH5 (185)( 4Note: Melting point 185 (85).

1.1@meltingpointSlight 5 2 1 O2

o-Acetoacet Anisid ide 325 1.1 7.0CH3COCHzCONHC6- (168) @H40CH3 (4 meltingNote: Melting point 187.9 (87). pointNo 2 2 1 O

Acetoocet-paro-Phenetide 325 1.0+ Decomposes 2 2 1 1CH3COCHzCONHCaHd- (163)OCH2CH3 Note: Melting point 210-219 (99-104).Acetoacet-ortho-Toluidide 320 Decomposes 2 2 1 1CH3COCH2CONHCbH4CH3 (160)Note: Melting point 214 (101).m-Acetoacei Xylidide 340 1 .2 Slight 5 2 1 OCHjCOCH2CONHCb- (171) 2HdCH31z (oc)

Note: Melting point 197 (92).Acetoacetic Acid, Ethyl Ester See Ethyl Acetoocetate.Acetoethylamide See N-Ethylocetomide.

133 Yescetone - 4 869 2.5 12.8 0.8 2.0CH3COCH3 - 2 0 ) (465) (56)(Dimethyl Ketone)(2-Proponone)1 1 3 O5

Acetone Cyanohydrin 165 1270 2.2 12.0 0.9 2.9 248 Yes 5 4 2 2(CH~) ZC(OH)CN (74) (688) (120)(2-Hydrow-2- Decom-Methyl Propianitr ile) Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Dota. poses



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FLAMMABLE VaDor SEE INTRODUCTIONFOR SUGGESTEDEXTINGUISHING HAZARDFLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp.Gr. Density BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percen t by vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reac-F (C) F (C) Lower Upper =i =i F (C) Soluble Health bility tivityAcetonitrile 42 975 3.0 16.0 0.8 1.4 179 Yes 1 2 3 OCHjCN (6) (524) (821 5(Methyl Cyanide) (oc)Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.Acetonyl Acetone 174 920(CH2COCH~h 1791 1499)(2.5-Hexanedionel

1.0- 3.9 378 Yes1192) 51 1 O

Acetophenone 170 1058CAH&OCH, 1771 I5701(Phenyl Meth;l Ketone)1.0+ 4.1 396 No(2021

~ ~~1 2 O

p-Acetotoluidide 334CHLONHCAH~CH? (168) 1.2 5.4 583 No13061 2 1Acetyl Acetone See 2.4-Pentonedione.Acetyl Chloride 40 734 1.1 2.7 124 Violent Do not use water 3 3 2wCH3COCI (4) (3901 (51) decompo- or foom(Ethonoyl Chloride) Note: See Hazardous Chernicols Doto. sition.AcetyleneCHiCH(Ethine)(Ethyne)

Gos 581 2.5 100 0.9 -118 No 6 O 4 3(305) (-83)Note: Low pressure. Acetylene dissolved in acetone in closed cylinders can carry o 2 reactivitySee Hozardous Chemicals Data.

Acehlene Dichloride-cis See Dichloroethylene-cisAcetylene Dichloride-trans See Dichlaroethylene-trans.N-Aceyl Ethanolamine 355 860CH3C:ONHCH2CH?OH (179) (460)

acetomidel[N-(Z-Hydraxyethyl) (041.1 304-308 Yes 5 1 1 1

151-1 53) 2@10mmDecom-posesN-Acetyl Morpho line 235CHJCONCH~CH~OCH~CH~1 13) 1.1 Decom- Yes 5 2 1 1poses 2Acetyl Oxide See Acetic Anhydride.Aceyl Peroxide 1.2 4.1 Explodes Slight 1 2 425 solution on heotingin Dimethyl Phtholote Note: See Hozordous Chemicals Dato.(CH3C0)202Acetylphenol See Phenyl AcetateAcrolein -15 428 2.8 31 0.8 1.9 125 Yes 1 4 3 3CH2:CHCHO (-26) (220) (52) 5(Acrylic Aldehyde) UnstableNote: See Hazardous Chemicals Doto.

(CH?:CHCHO)? (48) (151)Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Dato.

Acrolein Dimer 118 1.1 304 Yes 5 1 2 1(oc)

Acrylic Acid (Glacial) 122 820 2.4 8.0 1.1 2.5 287 Yes 5 3 2 2CHiCHCOOH 50) (438) (i2)(4Note: Polymerizes. See Hazardous Chemicals Data.Acrylic Aldehyde See Acrolein.Acrylonitrile 32 898 3.0 17 0.8 1.8 171 Yes 1 4 3 2CH2:CHCN 101 (481) (77) 5(VinylCyanide) (oc)(Propenenitrile)

Note: Polymerizes. See Hozardous Chemicals Dota.Adipic Acid 385 788 1.37 5.04 509 No 1 OHOOC(CH2)4COOH (196) (420) (265)(a 100m mAdipic Ketone See Cyclopentanone.Adiponitrile 200 1.0- 563 Slight 5 2 2 1NC(CH2)4CN (93) (295)(oc1Note: See Hazordous Chemicols Dota.



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PROPERTIES O F FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDIDENTIFICATIONFLAMMABLE Vap or EXTINGUISHING HAZARDF W H IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Densily BOILING METHODSPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Ai r ROINT Water Flamma- Reac-OF( %) F( C) Lower Upper =i =i F( C) Soluble Health biiily tivily

(125-128)@11 mmAdipoyl Chloride 162 257-262 5 2 2 O

Adipyldinitrile 199 0.96 3.73 563 No 4 2( - CHzCHzCOCIJz (72)(Adipyl Chloride)CN(CH2)dCN (93) (295)(Adiponitrile) ( 4(Teiramethdene Diwonide)

AlcoholAldol 150 482 1.1 3.0 174-176 Yes

See Ethyl Alcohol, Meihyl Alcohol, Denatured Alcohol, etc5 3 2 2(79-80)@12mm(-H droxybuteraldehyde) Decom-pasesg 176

CH3CH(OH)CHzCHO (66) (250)(3-Hydroxybutanol) (OC)

(80)Allyl Acetate 72 705CH3COCH2CH CH2 (221 (374)4

0.9 3.45 219 No 5 1 3 O(1041 1Allyl Alcohol 70 713 2.5 18.0 0.9 2.0 206 Yes 1 4 3 1

Allylamine -20 705 2.2 22 0.8 2.0 128 Yes 1 4 3 1

Allyl Bromide 30 563 4.4 7.3 1.4 4.2 160 No 5 3 3 1

Allyl Caproate 150 0.9 367-370 No 5 1 2 O

CH2:CHCHzOH (21) (3781 (97) 5Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Doto.CH2:CHCHzNHi (-2 9) (374) (53) 5

II (2-Propenylamine) Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.CHZ:CHCH2Br (- 1) (2951 (71) 4(3-Bromopropene)CH~(CH~)~COOCH~CH:CHZ66) (186-188)(Allyl Hexonoaie)(2-Propenyl Hexonooie)

Allyl Chloride -25 737 2.9 11.1 0.9 2.6 113 No 5 3 3 1CH2:CHCHzCI (- 32) (485) (45)(3-Chloropropene)

Allyl Chlorocarbonate See Allyl Chloroformaie.Allyl Chloroformate 88 1.1 4.2 223-237 No 5 3 3 1CH2:CHCHzOCOCI 131) (106-114) 4

(Allyl Chlarocorbonoie)See Hazardous Chemicals Data.Allyl Diglycol Carbonate See Diethylene Glycol Bis (Allylcarbonote)

Allylene See Propyne.Allyl Ether 20 0.8 3.4 203 Slight 5 3 3 2(CH2:CHCH2)20 (- 7) (95) 1(Diallyl Ether) (oc)Allylidene Diacetate 180 1.1 225 No 3 2 2 1

CHz:CHCH(OCOCH3)2 (82) (107)(oc1 @ 50 mmAllyl Isothiocyanate See Mustard Oil.Allylpropenyl See 1,4-Hexodiene.Allyl Trichloride See 1.2.3-Trichloropropane.

1llyl TrichIorosilane 95CH2:CHCH2SiClj (351(oc11.2 6.05 243( i 17.5) 3 3 2w

Ally l Vinyl EherAlpha Methyl Fyridine See Picoline-alpho.

SeeVinyl Allyl Ether.~Aminobenzene See Aniline2-Aminobiphenyl See 2-Eiphenylamine1 Aminobutane See Butylamine.2-Amino-1 -Butanol 165 0.9 3.1 352 Yes 5 2 2 OCHJCH~ CHNH~C H~OH (74) (178)

oc)Amlnocyclohexane See Cyclohexylamine.



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SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDMETHODS IDENTIFICATIONFLAMMABLE Vapor EXTINGUISHING HAZARDFLASH ONITION LIMITS Sp.Gr. Densiiy BOILINGPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reac-'F( C) F( C) Lower Upper = i ) = i ) F( C) Soluble Health biiiiy tiviiy

1 Aminodecane See Decylomine.Amino Ethane See Ethylomine.2-Aminoethanol See Ethanolamine.1 Amino-4-Ethoxybenzene See p-Phenetidine.-AminoethylAlcohol See Ethanolamine.(2-Aminoethyl) 270 695 1.0+ 470 Yes 5 2 1 OEthanolamine (132) (368) (243) 2NHzCZH~NHCZH~OH4-(2-Aminoethyl)- 1.0 4.5 395.6 Yes 5 2 2 OMorpholine (202.8)C~H~OC~HANC?HANH?1 (2-Aminoethyl)- 200Piperazine (93)H~NC~H~NCH~CHZNHCHZCHZOc)

1.0- 4.4 432 Yes 5 2 2 O(222)

1 AminoheDtane See Heotvlamine.adminolsopropylAlcohol See 1 Amino-Z-Proponol.2-Amino-4-Methvl-wntane See 1.3-Dimethvlbutvlamine.2-Amino-2-Methyl-1 - 153 0.9 3.0 329 Yes 5 2 2 OPropanol 167) 1165)CH3)zC("z)CHzOH1 Aminooctane See Octylamine.2-Aminopentane See sec-Amylamine.p-Aminophenetole See p-Phenetidine.(m-Aminophenyl) 315

Methyi Carbinol (157)N~zCq"[CHlOH)CH31 (4(m-Amino-a-Methyl-benzyl Alcohol)

1.1 423 Yes 5 2 1 O(217) 2@ 100m m

1 Amino-2-Propanol 171 705NHzCHzCHOHCH3 (77) (374)(a-AminoisopropylAlcohol)(Isopropanolomine)

1.0- 2.6 320 Yes 5 2 2 O(160)

N-(3-Aminopropyl) 175 0.9 5.4 Yes 5 2 2 OCyclohexylamine (79)C6HllNHCjH6NH2 (oc)N-(3-Aminopropyl) 220 1.0 - 438 Yes 5 2 1 OMorpholine (104) (2261 2CZH=~OCZH~N(CHZ)~NHZ (04Ammonia, Anhydrous Gas 1204 15 28 0.7@ 0.6 - 28 Yes 6 3 1 O

"3 (651) - 33C I- 33)Note: See Harordous Chemicols Data.'This gas is "1" insteod of "4" because it is hard to burn.Amoxybenzene See Amyl Phenyl Ether.Amyl Acetate 60 680 1.1 7.5 0.9 4.5 300 Slight 1 1 3 OCH3COOC5Hi (16) (360) (149) 5(1 Pentanol Acetate) 70

Comm. 1211sec-Amyl Acetate 89CH3COOCH(CH3)- (32)(CHdzCH3(2-PentanolAcetate)

0.9 4.5 249 Slight 1 1 3 O(121) 5

Amyl Alcohol 91 572 1.2 10.0 0.8 3.0 280 Slight 5 1 3 OCH~(C HZ)~ CHZOH (33) (300) @ (138)(1-Pentanol) 212(100)-Amyl Alcohol 94 650 1.2 9.0 0.8 3.0 245 Slight 1 1 3 OCH3CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3 (34) (343) (118) 5(Diethyl Carbinol)



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NFPA 325 94 6 4 7 4 4 4 6 0 5 2 8 2 7 7 037325- 14 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID S, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

FIAMMELE VamorSEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDEXTINGUISHING HAZARDIDENTIFICATIONETHODSLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Den& BOILINGPOINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reac-F (C) F (C) Lower Upper =1) =1) OF (C) Soluble Health bilh y thriy

Amylamine 30 2.2 22 0.8 3.0 210 Yes 1 2 3 OC5H1lNHZ (-11 (991 5(Pentylamine)sec-Amylamine 20 0.7 3.0 198 Yes 5 2 3 OW(CHz)zCH ICWW (-7) (92) 1(2-Aminopentane)(Methylpropylcarbinylamine)p-tart-Amylaniline 215 0.9 498-504 No 2 3 1 O(CZH~)(CHZ)ZCC~H~~HZ1021 (259-262)Amylbenzene 150 0.8-0.9 5.1 365 No 1 2 O

C6HsCsHi (66) 11851(Phenylpentane) (04Amy Bromide 90 1.2 128-9 No 4 1 3 OCH3CHzCHzCHzCHzBr (32) (53-54)(1 8romopentone) @46mmAmyl Butyrate 135

C ~ H I ~ O O C C ~ H ~ (57)0.9 5.46 365 No 5 1 2 O

(185)Amyl Carbinol See HexylAlcohol.Amyl Chloride 55 500 1.6 8.6 0.9 3.7 223 No 1 1 3 O

CH~(CHZ)~CHZCI (13) (260) (106)iChloropentane) (oc1

CH,CHZCCI(CH~)CH~ (345) (861C5HiiCI (3) (85-109)

tert-Amyl Chloride 653 1.5 7.4 1.4 3.7 187 No 3 1 3 OAmyl Chlorides (Mixed) 38 0.9 185-228 No 1 1 3 O

( 4Amylcyclohexane 462 0.8 395 1 O

c5H I 6H I (239) ( 2 0 2 )Amylene See 1 Pentene.-Amylene-clr < -4CzH5CH:CHCH3 (

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NFPA 325 9 4 b 4 7 4 4 4 b 0 5 2 8 2 7 8 T 7 3PROPERT IES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS 325-15

SEE INTRODUCTIONFOR SUGGESTEDFLASH IGNI TION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Densit y BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reac-"F ("C) "F ( C) Lower Upper = 1) '1) "F("C) Soluble Heal h blllty tivily

FLAMMABLE Vapor EXTINGUISHING HAZIIRD

Amyl Nitrite 410 0.9 4.0 220 Slight 5 1 2Amyl Oleate 366 0.9 392-464 No 2 O 1 O

Amyl Oxalate 245 1.0- 464-523 No 2 O 1 O

CH3CHhNOz (210) (104)

Ci7H33COOC4-i 11861 (200-240)@ 20 rnmICOOCsHi 12 (118) (240-273)IDiamvl Oxalate1

1.0- 455-482 Slight 5 2 1 O(235-250) 2p- te rb Am yl Phen ol See Peniaphen.p-sec-Amylphenol 270 1 o- 482-516 No 2 1 1 O2-(p-teri-Amylphenoxy) 280 1.0+ 567-590 No 2 1 1 O

Z-(p-teri-Amylphenoxy) 410 0.9 464-500 2 O 1 O

C5HiiCaH4OH (132) (250-269)ethanol (138) (297-310)C ~ H ICaH40CHzCHzOH

(240-260)@ 6 m methy l Laurate (210)Ci IHz3COOICHz)zO-C6H&Hi Ip-teri-amyl phenyl 240 1.0- 507-51 1 2 O 1 O

p-teri-Amylphenyl Butyl 275 0.9 540-550 No 2 O 1 O

Amyl Phen yl Ether 185 0.9 5.7 421-444 No O 2 O

Acetate (116) (264-266)CH3COOC6H4C5HiEther 11351 (282-288)CSHI C ~ H ~ O C ~ ~

CHdCHd40C6H5 85) (216-229)IAmoxvbenrenel.p-teri -Amylphe nyl Methyl 21O 0.9 462-469 O 1 OEther 1991 1239-243)Amyl Phthalate See Diamyl Phtholoie.Amyl Propion ate 106 712 0.9 275-347 No O 2 O

Amyl Salicylate 270 . 1.1 512 Na 2 O 1 OAmyl Stearat e 365 0.9 680 No 2 O 1 O

C2H5COO(CH2)4CH3 (41 ) 13781 (135-175)(Penty Propionole) (04HOC~H~COOC~HI (132) (2673CHdCHdiaCOOC5Hi (185) (360)

[oc)Amyl Sulfides, M i e d 185 0 9 338-356 No 2 2 O

W I I S (85) (i 0-1 80)Amyl Toluette 180 0.9 400-415 No 2 2 O

Amyl Trichlorosilane 145 1.1 334 3 2 2\41

Amyl Xylyl Ether 205 0.9 480-500 No 2 1 O

C S H I ~ C ~ H ~ C H ~ 82) (204-213)(oc1

C=HSC3 (63) (168)(oc1

&Hi I~C& (CHS) Z (96) (249-260)(oc1~Ani lin e 158 1139 1.3 1.1 1.0+ 3.2 364 Slight 5 3 2 O

Cab"? (70) 1615) (184)(Aminobenzene)(Phenylamine)CaH5NH2HCI (1931 12451

Noie: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.Anili ne Hydroch loride 380 1.22 4.46 473 3 1

(04Nole: Melting poini 389 (198).



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N F P A 325 94 m b47444b O528279 90T m325-16 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQU IDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

FLAMMABLE Vaw r SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDEXTINGUISHING HAZARDF W H IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Densiiy BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reac-O F (% ) F( C) Lowar Upper =1) =1) F ( C) Soluble Health bili ty t ivity2-Anilinoeihanol 305 1.1 547 Very 2 2 1 OC~ H~ NH CH ~C HZ OH 1152) (286) slight(8-Anilinoeihanol (oc)Ethoxyaniline)

l-Hydron/elhylaniline)-Anilinoethanol See 2-Anilinoethanol.o-Anisaldehyde See o-Methoxy Benzaldehyde,

Eihoxyanillne

o-Anisidine 244H~ NC ~H AOC H~ (1 18)12-Methonianilinel locl1.1 435 No 5 2 1 O1224) 2

Anisole 125 887C6H50CH3 (52) (475)(Methokybenzene) (oc)(Methyl Phenyl Ether)1.0- 3.7 309 No(154) 1 2 O

Ano1 See Cyclohexonol.Anthracene 250 1004 0.6 1.24 6.15 644 O 1(C6H4CH)z (121) W O (340)Note: Melting point 423 (217).Anthraquinone 365 1.44 7.16 716 No O 1

C6Hr(COhC6H4 (185) (380)Note: Melting paint 354 (179).Anifici al Almond Oil See BenzoldehvdeAsphalt (Cutback) c 5010) No 2 O 3 OAsphalt, liquid-Medium 100 (min) Grades MC-30 and MC-70 No 2 O 2 OCuring 138)(4

166)(4150 (min) Grades MC-250; MC-800; and MC-3000

Asphalt, quld -Rapid 80 (min) Grades RC-250; RC-800; and RC-3000 Na 2 O 3 OCuring 127)(4Curing (661( 4

(791

Asphalt, Liquld-Slow 150+ Grode SC-70 No 2 O 2 O175+ Grode SC-250 O 2 O. .(04

(93)( 4(04

ZOO+ Grade SC-800225+ Grode SC-30001107)

O 1 OO 1 O

Asphalt (Typical) 400+ 905(PetroleumPitch) (20 4+) (485) 1 o-1.1 >700 No 2 O 1 O(2371)Aziridlne See EthvleneimineAzobisirobutyronltrile 147N:CC(CH&N:NC(CH3)7C:N (64Note: Melting paint 221 (105)

Decom- Noposes 3 2

Azole See RirroleBananaOil See Isoamyl AcetateBenzaldehyde 145 377 1.1 3.7 355 No 3 2 2 OCbHsCHO (63) 1192) (179)(Artificial Almond Oil)(Benzenecarbonal)Benzedrine

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NFPA 325 94 m 6474446 0528280 621 m325- 17ROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS , GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDIDENTIFICATIONETHODSFLAMMABLE Vap or EXTINGUISHING HAZARDFLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Or. Density BOILINGPOINT TEMP. Percent i r , vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flammo- Reoc-FCC) FCC) Lower Upper =i =1) 'FCC) Soluble Health bii ity t ivity

Benzine See Petroleum Ether.Benzocyclobutene 95 4771351 12471 0.96 306I1521. . . . .Benzoic Acid 250 1058 1.27 4.21 482 Slight 2 1

C6H5COOH (121) W O (250)Note: Melting point 252 (122).Benzol See BenzeneBenzol Diluent - 2 5 450 1.0 7 . 0 < 1 140-210 Na 1 2 3 O(-32) (232) (60-99)Note: Flash point and ignition temperature will vaty depending o n the monufodurer.p-Benzoquinone 100-200 1040 1.3 3.7 Sublimes No 1 2 1Cd402 (38-93) (560)(Quinone1 Note: Melting point 234-237 1 12- 1 4).Benzotrichloride 260 412 1.4 429 Na 2 3 1 OC6H5CC13 (127) (211) (22 )(Toluene,a, a, a-Trichloro)[Phenyl Chloroform)

CaH5Ch 1 2 ) (102)Benzotrifluoride 54 1.2 5.0 216 No 4 3 3 1

Note: See Hazardous ChemicalsDoto.I Benzoyl Chloride 162CsHsCOCI (72)I Benzene Corbonvl Chloride) 1.2 4.9 387 Decomposes 3 2 2wDecomposer n(197)Note: See Hozardous Chemicals Dato. waterBenzyl Acetote 195 860CH~COOCH~C~HS (901 (460) 1.1 41 7 Slight 5 1 1 O(214) 2Benzyl Alcohol 200 817C6H5CHzOH (93) (436)(Phenyl Carbinol)

1 .o+ 403 Slight 5 2 1 O(206) 2Benzyl Benzoate 298 896CsHsCOOCH&Hs (148) (480) 1.1 614 No 2 1 1 O(323)Benzyl Butyl Phthalat e 390CiH&OOC6H4COOCH2- (199) 1.1 698 No 2 1 1 O(370)c6H5(Butyl Benzyl Phthalate)Benzyl Carbino l See Phenethyl Alcohol.Benzyl Chloride 153 1085 1.1 1.1 4.4 354 No 3 3 2 1

Benzyl Cyanide 235 1.0+ 452 Na 5 2 1 OC~HSCH~CI 1671 (5851 11791(a-ChIorotoluene) Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Doto.CaH5CH2CN (113) (233.5) 2(Phenyl Acetonitrile) (04

I(a-Talunitrile)

0.9 405-420(207-216) 2 2 O

Benzyl Ether See Dibenzyl Ether.Benzyl Mercaptan 158 1.06 4.28 383 2 2

CsHsCHzSH (70) (195)(a-Taluenethiol)Benzyl Salicilate >212 1.2 406 Na 5 1 1 O

Bicyclohexyl 165 473 0.7 5.1 0.9 5.7 462 Slight 5 1 2 OO H C ~ H ~ C O O C H ZC ~ H ~ Z 100) (208)[Salycil ic Acid Benzyl Ester)iCH2(CH214CHI2 (74) (245) G C@ (239)(Dicyclahexyl) 212 302(100) 1 50)

Biphenyl 235 1004 0.6 5.8 1.2 489 No 2 2 1 OCaHsCbHs (113) (540) 8 @ (254)(Diphenyl) 232 311(Phenylbenzene) [ i l l ) (155)Note: Melting point 158 (70).2-Biphenylamine 842 5.8 570 No 2 2 1 ON H ~ C ~ H ~ C ~ H S (4501, (299)(2-Aminobiphenyll Note: Melting point 121 (49).



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NFPA 325 94 b47444b 0528281 568325- 18 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS , GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDFLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp.Gr. Densi iy BOIL ING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol . (Wat er (Air POINT Water Flam ma- Reac-"FCC) "F CC) Lower Upper = i ) = 1 ) "F ( C) Soluble Health bilii y tMiy

FLAMMABLE Vapo r EXTINGUISHING HAA RD

Bis (p-tert-Butylphenyl) 482 1.1 500-527 No 2 1 Opheny l Phospha te (2501 (260-275)( C ~ H ~ C ~ H ~ ~ ) Z P O O C & @ 5 m mBis [2-(2-Chloroethoxy) >250 1.2 237 Slight 5 2 1 Oethyl] Ether (>121) 1 14) 2(CH~CICH~OCHZCHZI~O(Tetraglycol Dichloride)Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Ether 131(CH2CICH2)20 (551(Chlorex)

1.2 4.9 353 Very(178) slight 2 2 O

Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Formal 230(Di-(2-Chloroethyl) Formal) (oc)(2,l-Dichloroethyl Formol)CH2(0CHzCHzCl)z 1 10) 1.2 425 Very 5 2 1 O(218) slight 2

Bis (p- Chloro iso pro pyi ) See Dichloroisapropyl EtherEtherBir-Diethylen e Glycol 405 1.1 500 5 1 1 OMonoeth yl Ether (207) 12601 2PhthalateC6H4(COOC2H4OC2H4-Oc2Hd2Bis (2.4-Dimethylbutyl) 290 O.? 394 No 2 1 1 OMaleate 1 43) (201[(CH3)?CHCH2CH(CH& ( 4 @ 50 m m

(Di(Methylamy1)Maleate)OCOCH:]?N,N'-Bis-( 1.4-Dimethyl- 347 770 0.9 5 2 1 OPenMP- (175) (410) 2Phenylenediamine (oc)

CWHd212Butane

C*Hd[NHCH(CH3)CH2CH2-1.3-Bis (Ethylamino) See N,N-Diethyl-l,3-8utanediomine.Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Amine 270[ C ~ H ~ C H ( C Z H ~ ) C H Z ~ Z ~ H1 321(Diethylhexylamine) IOCI(Diodylamine)

0.8 537 Slighi 5 3 1 O(281) 2

Bis (2-Ethylhexy1)- 280 0.9 421 Slight 5 1 1 OEthanolamine (138) (2161 2IC~H~CH(CZH~CH~IZ- @ 50 mm(Diethylhexylethanolamine)NCiH4OH

Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Maleate 365 0.9 408 No 5 O 1 OC ~ H ~ ~ O C O C H : C H C O O C B H ~ ~185) (209) 2(Di(?-Ethylhexyl)Maleote) @lOmmBIS 2-Ethylhexyl) 385Phosphoric Acid (194IC~H~CH(CZHS)CHIZHPO~ (OC)(Di(?-Ethylhexyl)PhosphoricAcid)

1.0- No 52

Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Succinate 315(cl H1902)Z (157)(Dill-Ethylhexyl) Succinate)

0.9 495 Slight 5 O 1 O(257) 2@ 50 mmN,N-Bir (1-Methylheptyl) >400 0.8 424 No 2 O 1 OEihylenedlamine ( >204) (218)

CHz"CH(CHd(CaH I 3)HC(CHj)(CbHlj)NHCH2- @ 43 m mBis (- Met hyl pro pyl ) Ami ne See Diisobutylomine.BIS 2,2,4-Trimethyl- 383 1.1 639 2 O 1 Opentanediolisobutyrate) 195) (337)Diglycolate (oc)CZaH2709Blast -fur nace Gas See Gas.Borneo Campho r See 8orneol



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NFPA 325 94 b 4 7 4 4 4 b 0528282 4 T 4 MPROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS 325-19

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDFLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Densi ty BOIL ING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Air POINT Wale r Flam ma- Reac-OF(%) "F ( C) Lower Upper =1) =1) "F ( C) Soluble Heallh biiity livi ty

FLAMMABLE Vapor EXTINGUISHING H U R D

Born eol 150 1.0+ 413 No 2 2 OCioHi70H (66) (2121(Borneo Camphor) SublimesBor on Trif luor ide Nhe ra ie 147 1.1 259 Decomposes 3 2 1WCH ~C H~ O( BF ~) CH ZC H~ (641 (1261 Decomposes n(oc) water.Brandy See Ethyl Alcohol and Water.Braz il Wax See Carnauba WaxBrom obenz ene 124 1049 1.5 5.4 313 No 3 2 2 OC&@r (511 (5651 (1561(Phenyl Bromide)1 Bromo Butane See Buh4 Bromide4-Bromodiphenyl 291C&C&& (144) 592 No(311) 2 2 1 OBromoet han e See Ethyl BromideBr omom ctha ne See Methvl Bromide.1 Bromope ntane See Amyl Bromide3-B romoprope ne See Allyl Bromide.o-BromotoluencBrCaH4CH3 174(791 1.4 5.9 359 No 3 2 2 O(1821p-BromololueneBrC6H4CH3 185(851 1.4 5.9 363 No 3 2 2 O(1841Bro nzin g Liqui d May be below80 (27). No1.3-Butadlene 788 2.0 12.0 1.9 24 No 6 2 4 2CH2:CHCH:CH2 Gas (420) ( -4 )(Ervthrene) Note: Polymerizes. See Hazardous Chemicals Dato.Butadiene Monoxide < -58CHz:CHCHOCH2 (

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NFPA 325 9 4 m b 4 7 4 4 4 b 0528283 330 m325-20 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID S, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDFLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reac-F( C) FrC) Lower Upper =1 ) =1) F ( C) Soluble Health bilit y tivity

FLAMMABLE Vapor EXTINGUISHING HAZARD

1 Butene Gas 725 1.6 10.0 1.9 21 No 6 1 4 OCH3CHzCH:CHz (3851 (- 6)(a-Butylene)CH3CH:CHCHs (325) 141CH3CH:CHCH3 (3241 (11(-Butylene)H0CHzCH:CHCHzOH (128) (141- 5(2-Butene.l.4-Diol) (oc) 149)

2-Butene-cis Gas 617 1.7 9.0 0.6 1.9 38.7 6 1 4 O2-Butene-trans Gas 615 1.8 9.7 1.9 -3 4 No 6 1 4 O

Butenediol 263 1.1 3.0 286-300 Yes 2 1 1 O

Note: Melting poini 45 (7). @ 20 mm2-Butene-1 A-Diol See Butenediol2-Butene Nitri le See Croiononitrile.Butoxrbenzene See Butvl Phenyl Ether.1 Butoxybutane See Dibutyl Ether.2.8-Butoxyethoxyethyl 190 1.0 6.1 392-437 2 2 O

1 (Butoxyelhoxy)-2- 250 509 0.9 445 Yes 5 2 1 OChloride (88) (200-225)CdH9CH2CH2OCH2CH2CIP10pan (121) (265) 12291 2OC2H4GH5CH~CH(OH)CHZOC~H~- (04

Butoxyethyl DiglycolCarbonate See Diethylene Glycol Bis (2-ButoxyethylCorbonote)-Butoxyethyl Salicylate 315OCHaHaCOOCHKH7OCaHs (157) l.O+ 367-378 No 2 O 1 O(186-192)Butoxyl See 3-Methoxybutyl Acetate.N-Butyl Acetamide 240CHsCONHCdHp (116) 0.9 455-464(235-240) 2 2 1 ON-Butylacetanilide 286CH~(CHZ)~N(C~H~)COCH~141) 1.0- 531-538 No 2 2 1 O(277-281)Butyl AcetateCHjCOOCdH9(Buiylethanoate)

72 797 1.7 7.6 0.9 4.0 260 Slight 1 1 3 O(22) (425) 11271 5sec-Butyl Acetate a8CH3COOCH(CH3)C?H5 (31)

I O C I

1.7 9.8 0.9 4.0 234 Slight 1 1 3 O(1121 5Butyl A cetoacetate 185 1.0- 5.5 417 Slight 5 1 2 OCH~COCHZCOO(CH~)~CH~85) 12141

(oc1Butyl Acetyl Ricinoleate 230 725 0.9 428 No 2 2 1 OCI~H~ Z(OCOC H~I- (110) (385) (2201ICOOGHsI~Buty l Acrylaie a4 559 1 7 9 9 o 9 44 260 Na11271Polymer-izes

CH2 CHCOOC4H9 (29) (292) 2 2 2

Butyl Alcohol 98 650 1.4 11.2 0.8 2.6 243 No 1 1 3 OCH ~( CH ~) ZC H~ OH (37) (343) (117) 5(1-Butanol)(Propylcarbinol)(Propyl Methanol )sec-Butyl Alcohol 75 761 1.7 9.8 0.8 2 6 201 Slight 1 1 3 OCH3CHzCHOHCH3 (24) (4051 @ 4 (94) 5(2-Butanol) 212 212(Methyl Ethyl Carbinol) (100) (100)

teri-Butyl Alcohol 5 2 892 2.4 8.0 0.8 2.6 181 Yes 1 1 3 O(CH3)2COHCH3 (11) (478) (83) 5(2-Methyl-2-Propanol)(Trimethyl Carbinol)Butylamine 10 594 1.7 9.8 0.8 2.5 172 Yes 1 3 3 OCHp"2 (-12) (312) (78) 5I (1 Amino Butane)



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NFPA 325 94 b 4 7 4 4 4 b 05213284 277P R O P E R T I E S OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS 325-21

FLAMMABLE Vasor SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDEXTINGUISHING HAARDFLASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp.Gr. Den& BOIL ING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Air POINT Waier Flamma- Reac-F (C) F (Cl lo we r Upper = 1 ) =i F (C) Soluble Hea lth bill ty tivitysec-Butylamine 16 0 7 2 252 145 3 3tert-Butylamine 716 17 8 9 O7 2 5 113 Yes 5 2 4 O

CH3CH&H(NH?)CH3 1-91 (63)

CH3)3Ci 13801 C @ (45)212 21211001 110OIButylamine Oleate 150 0.9 Yes 5 3 2 OCi ~ H ~ ~ C O O N H ~ C ~ H T 6614tert-Butylaminoethyl 205 0.9 5.5 200-221 No 2 1 OMethacrylate 1961 (93-105)

OOCC(CH31:CH?(CH~)~CNHC~HA- (4N-ButylanilineCaHsNHC4H9 0.9 465 Slight 5 3 1 O1241) 2Butyibenzene 160 770 0.8 5.8 0.9 4.6 356 No 2 2 OC6H5C4H9 1711 (410) 1180)(4

tart-Butylbenzene 140 842 0.7 5.7 0.9 4.6 336 NoC6H5C(CH3)3 1601 (450) @ 1169)(04 212 212(100) (100)

2 2 O

1 o 482 No 2 1 1 O1250)

Butyl Benzyl Phthalae See Benzyl Butyl Phthalate.2-Butylbiphenyl > 806 7.26 - 554 O 1C6H5.C6H4.C4Hp 212 (430) [- 90)( > l o o )Butyl Bromide 65 509 2.6 6.6 1.3 4.7 215 No 4 2 3 OCH3(CH2)?CH?Br 1181 1265) @? C 110211 -Bromo Butane) 212 21211001 11001Butyl Butyrate 128

CHJ(CH~)ZCOOC~H~ 153)oc)0.9 5.0 305 Slight 5 2 2 O

1152)Buty lcarbamic Acid, Ethyl See N-Butylurethone.Eslertert-Butyl Carbinol 98 0.8 3.0 237 Slight 1 2 3 O(CH3)3CCH?OH 137) 1114) 5(2.2-Dimethyl-1-Propanol)Bu hl Carbitol See Dieihvlene Glvcol Monobutvl Ether.

1 o + 545 No 2 2 1 O12851

Butyl Chloride 15 464 1.8 10.1 0.9 3.2 170 No 1 2 3 OC4H9CI 1-91 1240) 177)( 1-Chlorobutane)sec-Butyl Chloride

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325-22NFPA 325 94 W 6474446 0528285 LO3

PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE L I QU I D S , GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDFLASH IGNIT ION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Densi ty BOIL ING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reac-OF I C) FC'C) Lower Um er =1) =1) F ("Cl Soluble Heaith bility tivity

FLAMMABLE Vap or EXTINGUISHING HAZARD

ButylcyclohexaneCaHvCaHi1 475(2461 0 .8 352-356I 78-1 0) O O1 -CycLhexylbutane)CH~CH~CH(CH~)C~HI (277) (177)(2-Cyclohexylbutane)( C H ~ ~ C C ~ H I (342) (167-169)CaHi "(C4H9) (93) (209)

sec-Butylcyclohexane 53 0.8 351 O O

ieri-Butylcyclohexane 648 0.8 333-336 O ON-Butylcyclohexylamlne 200 0.8 409 Slight 5 2 1 O

Buylcyclopentane 480 0.8 314 O OBuyldecalln 500 2 1 1 O

(4W 9 G H v (250) (157)C4WioHi7 (260)

tert-Butyldecalin 640 2 1 1 OCaHvCioHi7 (338)1.0- 504 Yes 5 2 1 O(262) 2

leri-Butyldi~hanolamine 285 1.0- 329-338 Yes 2 2 1 OC8HioNOz (141) (165-1 0) 5[2.2-(tert-Butylimino) (04 8 3 mmDiethanal] Note: Melting point I l 7 (47).See Diethylene Glycol Bis (Butyl Carbonate).utyl Diglycol Carbonate

a-Butylene See 1 -Butene.-But yle ne See 2-Butene-trans.y-Butylene See 2-Methylpropene.a-Butylene Glycol 194 1.01 3.10 377 O 2

C~H5CHOHCH~OH (90) 1 92)I1 ,2-Butanediol)p-Butylene Glycol 250 743CH3CH(OH)CHzCHzOH (121) (395)(1.3-8utanediol)

1 .o 399 Yes 5 1 1 O(204) 2ButyleneGlycol (pseudo) 185 1.01 3.10 356 O 2

CH3(CHOH)zCH3 (85) 1 80)(2,3-Butanediol) ( 4(Dihydroky Butane2.3)2,3-Butylene Oxide 5 822 1.5 18.3 0.83 2.49 149 Slight 2 3 21,2-Butylene Oxide -7 822 1.7 19 0.8 2.2 145 Yes 5 2 3 2

CHjHCOCHCHj (-15) (439) (651HzCOCHCHzCH3 (-22) (439) 1631 1Noie: See Hazardous Chemicals Data.

Butyl Ethaned ioate See Butyl Oxalate.N-Butyl Ethanolamine 170 0 9 4 0 377 Yes 5 1 2 O

CH3(CH2)3NHCHzCHzOH (77) i 2)(oc)Bu ty l Ether See Dibutyl Ether.But yle thylace ald ehyde See I-Ethylhexonal.But yl Ethy lene See 1 -Hexene.Butyl Elhyl Ether See Ethyl Butyl Ether.Butyl FormateHCOOCaH9IButvlMethanoate)

64 612 1.7 8.2 0.9 3.5 225 Yes 1 2 3 O(181 (322) (107) 5(Formic Acid, Butyi Ester)

Butyl Glycolate 142CHzOHCOOC4Hv (61) 1.01 4.45 -356-180) O 2teri-Buiyl Hydroperoxide < 80 or above 0.9 Slight 5 1 4 4 0 x

(CHJJ~COOH i

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NFPA 325 94 = b 4 7 4 4 4 b O 5 2 6 2 6 6 0 4 TPKOPERI'IES OF FLAMMABLE L I QU I D S , GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS 325-23

FLAMMABLE Vapor SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDEXTINGUISHING " X R DFLASH IGN ITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOIL ING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol . (Water ( A l i POINT Water Ramm a- Reac-'F("C) 'F("C) Lower Upper =i =i 'FCC) Soluble Healt h bility iivit yn-Bu tyl Isoc yanate 66 0.9 3.00 235 Rends 5 3 2 2CHB(CHZ)~NCO (19) (113)(Butyl Isocyonote)Butyl Isovalerale 127C4HpOOCCHzCH(CH3)2 (53) 0.87 5.45 302(150) OButyl Lactate 160 720CH3CH(OH)COOC4H9 (71) (382)(oc)

1.0- 5.0 320 Slight 5 1 2 O1160)Butyl Mer cap tan See 1 Butonethiol.tert -Buiyl Merca ptan See 2-Meihyl-2-Proponethiol.Butyl Meiha cryl aie 126 0.9 4.9 325 No 2 2 OCH~:C(CHO)- 1521 063)COO(CHz)3CH3 (04Buty l Meihanoate See Butyl Formole.N-Butyl 170Monoeihanolamine 177)C ~ H ~ N H C ZH ~ O H id

0.9 4.0 378 Yes 5 1 2 O1192)Butyl Naphthalene 680C ~H ~ CI OH ~ 13601 No 2 1 1 OButyl Nitrat e 97CHiICHzI~ON02 1361 1.0+ 4.1 277 No 1 1 3 3113612-Butyloctanol 230 0.8 486 No 2 1 1 OButyl Oleate 356 0.9 440.6- No 2 O 1 O

C~H I~C H(C ~H~ )CH ~OH (1 10) 1252)Ci 7H33COOC4H9 1180) 442 4(04 (227-228)@ 15 rnrn

1 o 472 No 2 O 1 O12441ieri-Butyl Peracetate < 80diluted with 25% of benzeneCH3CO(Oz)ClCH3)3 < 27)Note: Ropid decornposiiion ot 200 (93)See Hozordous Chernicols Dota.

Explodes on No 1 2 3 4heating.

tert- Butyl Perbenzoate >190 1.0+ Explodeson NoC6H~COOOC(CH~)3 I > 881 heoting.lociSee Hozordous Chemicals Doto.

1 3 4 0 x

teri-Butyl Pcroxypivolate z 155 Explodes on Nodiluted wiih 25% of minerol (> 68 ) heoting.(CH J)~ COO COC( CH~ )~ Noie: Ropid decompositionni 90 (32). See Hazardous Chernicols Doto.spirits (oc)

O 3 4 0 x

p-(p-ieri-Butyl 248(CH3)3CC6H40CH2CH20H (oc)Phenoxy) Ethanol (120)

1.0+ 293-313 No 2 O 1 O( 1 45-156)

-(p-teri-Butylphenoxy) 324EthylAcetate (162)(C H~ )~ CCA H~ OCH ~- IOC)CHzOCOCH3

1.0+ 579-585 No 2 O 1 O(304-307)

0.9 5.2 410 No(210)

1 2 O

4-tert-Butyl-2- 320 1.0+ 385-388 No 2 1 1 OPhenylphenol (160) (i 6-1 98)CaH&b0HC(CH3)3

P 0 4 L b 3 1146) (293)(Tributy Phosphote) (oc)Butyl Phosphate 295 0.98 9.12 559 3 1

Butyl Phthal yl Butyl 390 1.1 653 No 2 1 1 OGly col aie 1199) (345)C ~ ~ ~ ( C O O ~ Z ( C ~ ~ P ) -oc1CH7COOC4H9Butyl Prop ionat e 90 799 0.9 4.5 295 No 1 2 3 OCZ H~ CO OC ~H ~ (321 (426) (146)



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NFPA 325 9 4 D b 4 7 4 4 4 b O 5 2 8 2 8 7 T b325-24 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID S, GASES, VOLATILE SOL IDS

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDF W H IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. p a t e r (Air POINT Water Flamma- Reoc-F (Cl F (C) Lower Upper =i = i O (C) Soluble Health bilit y tivity

FLAMMABLE Vap or EXTINGUISHING HAZARD

Butyl Ricinoleate 230 0.9 790 No 2 1 1 OCi&WC4H 9 (110) (421)0.9 653 No 2 1 1 O

(345)Butyl Stearate 320 671CI ~H ~S COO C~ H~ (1601 (355) 0.9 650 No 2 1 1 O(343)terl-Butylstyrene 177(81)TCC

1 2.7 0.9 426 No(219) 2 2 2

tert-Butyl Tetralln 680CdH9CioHi i (360) 2 2 1 OButyl TrichIorosilane 130CH3(CHz)3SiC13 (54)(oc)

1.2 6.5 300 No 3 2 2 O(149)N-Butylurethane 197CH~(CHZ)~NHCOOCZHS (92)(ButylcarbamicAcid, Ethyl

(Ethyl Butylcarbomote)Ester)0.9 5.0 396-397 No(202-203) 2 O

Butyl Vinyl Ether SeeVinyl Butyl Ether.2-Butyne < -4 1.4 0.69 1.86 81 4CH3CiCCH3 < - 2 0 ) (27)(Croionylene)ButyraldehydeCH3(CHz)zCHO(Butanal)IBukric Aldehvdel

-8 425 1.9 12.5 0.8 2.5 169 No(-22 ) (218) (76)Note: See Hazardous Chemicals Data

1 3 3 O

Butyraldol 165 0.9 280 Slight 5 2 2 OCHi602 (74) (138)( 4 @ 50mmButyroldoxirne 136 0.9 3.0 306 Slight 5 2 2 OCdHsNOH 5 8 ) (152)(utanal Oxime)

CH3(CHz)zCOOH (72) (443) (164)Note: See Harordous Chemicals Data.See Eihvl Bukrate.

Butyric Acid 161 830 2.0 10.0 1.0- 3.0 327 Yes 5 3 2 O

Buhr ic Acid. Ethvl EsterI Butyric Aldehyde See Butyraldehyde.Bu ty r i c Anhydride 180 535 0.9 5.8 1.0- 5.4 388 Decomposes 5 1 2 1WI CH ~ (C HZ ) Z C~ I Z~ (54) (279) 1196)Buh ric Ester See Ethvl Butvrate.Butyrolactone 209CHzCHzCHzCOO (98)OCI

1.1 399 Yes 5 O 1 O(204)Butyrone See 4-Heptanone.ButyronitrlleCH~CH~CHZCN 76 935 1.65 0.8 2.4 243 Slight 5 3 3 O(24) (501) (117)foc)Camphor 150 871 0.6 3.5 1.0- 5.24 399 No O 2 OCiDHl60 (66) (466) (204)(Gum Camphor)Camphor Oil (light) 117 0.9 347-392 No 2 2 O(Liquid Comphor) (47) (i 5-200)Caproaldehyde See Hexanol.Caproic Acid 215 716 0.9 400 No 2 2 1 O(CH~) (CHZ )~COOH (102) (380) (204)(Hexanoic Acid) (4Coprylaldehyde 125 0.8 4.4 335 Very 2 2 OCH~(CHZ)~CHO 5 2 ) (168) slight(Caprylic Aldehyde)(Octonal)Capiylic Aldehyde See Copryloldehyde.



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NFPA 325 94 D 6474446 0528288 912 DPROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LlQUIDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS 325-25

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDFIA % IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Or. Density BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by Vol. (Water (Ai r POINT Water Flammo- Reoc-F (C) F (C) Lower Upper =i =i F (C) Soluble Health biiity tivity

FLAMMABLE Vopor EXTINGUISHING HAiAR D

Caprylyl Chloride 180 1.0- 5.6 384 Decomposes 5 3 2 1CH3(CH2)6COCI (82) (196)

CorbitolCarbolic Acid See Phenol.

See Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether.

Carbon BisuHide See Carbon Disulfide.Carbon Disulfide -22 194 1.3 50.0 1.3 2.6 115 No 4 3 3 OI c52 1-30) (90) (46)(Carbon Bisulfide) Note: See Hazardous Chernicols Doto.Corbon Monoxide Gor 1128 12.5 74 1 o -314 Slight 6 3 4 O(-192) orveryslight,2,3rnlper 1O0 rnl

(609)

Carbon Oxysulfide Gos 12 29 2.1 - 58 6 3 4 1(-50)cos(Carbonyl Sulfide)

Carbonyl SuHide See Corbon Oxysulfide.Carnouba Wax 540 1.0- No 2 O 1 O

(BrazilWax) 282)Note: Melting point 185 185).Castor Oll 445 840 1.0- 595 No 2 O 1 OCostor Oll (Hydrogenated) 401 No 2 O 1 OCellulose Nitrate 55 No 1 2 3 3

(Ricinus Oil) (229) (449) (313)(c18H3503)3C3h 1205)

Wet with Alcohol (13) 5(Nitrocellulose)Cetane See Hexadecone.China Wood Oi lChlorex See Bis (2-chloroethvl) Ether

See Tung Oil

Chlorine MonoxideCI90 Gas 23.5 100 Explodes Yes@ 39 (4) 3 4 3Explodeson heating.Chloroacetic Acid 259 >932 1.58 3.26 372 Yes 3 1 OChlorooceto Phenone 244 1.32 5.32 477 No 2 1 O

CH2CICOOH (126) (>5 00) (189)C6H5COCH?CI (1 18) (2471IPhenacvl Chloride)

2-Chloro-4,6-di-teri- 250 1.0+ 3 2O-35 4 2 2 1 OAmvlahcnol 1121) (160-179). .(C5Hi;);CaH?ClOH @ 22 mrn

C5Hi C6H3CIOH (107) (253-265)Dhenvi Meihvl Ether 11101 (270-276)

Chlom-4-teri-Amylphenol 225 1.1 487-509 2 2 1 O2-Chloro-4-tert-Amyl- 230 1.1 7.3 518-529 2 1 1 O. .C 5 h i C ~ H ~ C IO ~ H Jp-Chlorobenzoldehyde 190 1.2 417 Slight 5 2 2 O

Chlorobenzene 82 1099 1.3 9.6 1.1 3.9 270 No 4 2 3 OCIC~HACHO (88) (214)Note: Melting point 114 (46).C6H5CI 28) 1593) (132)(Chlorobenzol)(Monochlorobenzene) Noie: See Hazardous Chernicols Doto.(Phenyl Chloride)

Chlorobenzol See Chlorobenzene.Chlorobenzotrifluoride 117 1.35 6.24 282 2 Oo-Chlorobenzotrifluoride 138 1.4 6.2 306 2 2 1

CICaH4CF3 (47) (139)CICaH&F3 159) (152)(o-Chloro-a,a,a-trifluorotoluene)

Chlorobutadiene See 2-Chloro-1.3-Butadiene.



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NFPA 325 94 D b47444b 0528289 859325-26 PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, GASES, VOLATILE SOLIDS

SEE INTRODUCTION FOR SUGGESTEDFIASH IGNITION LIMITS Sp. Gr. Density BOILING METHODS IDENTIFICATIONPOINT TEMP. Percent by vol. (Water (Air POINT Water Aommo- Reac-O F (e) F(C) Lower Upper = i ) = i ) F (C) Soluble Health bility tivity

FLAMMABLE Vapor EXTINGUISHING HAARD

2-Chloro-1.3-Butadiene -4 4.0 20.0 1.0 3.0 138 Slight 1 2 3 OCH2:CCI:CH:CHz ( 0) (59) 5(Chlorobutadiene)(Chloroprene)1 Chlorobulane See Butyl Chloride.2-Chlorobutene-2 -3 2.3 9.3 0.9 3.1 143-159 Very 1 2 3 OCH3CCI:CHCH3 - 19) (62-71) slightChlorodiethylalumlnum See Diethyloluminum Chloride.Chlorodinitrobenzene See DinitrochlorobenzeneChloroethane See Ethyl Chloride2-Chloroethanol 140 797 4.9 15.9 1.2 2.8 264-266 Yes 5 4 2 0(60) (4251 129-130)H2CICHzOH(2-Chloroethyl Alcohol)I IEthvlene ChlorohvdrinChloroethyl Acetate 129CZH~CIOOCCH~ 154) 1.2 4.2 293 No 3 2 2 O(145)2-Chloroethyl Acetate 151CH3CO