ngu phap tieng nhat.docx

8/10/2019 ngu phap tieng nhat.docx

1/25

Cch s dng nhng tr t thng dng trong ting Nht. Cc tr tthng c ni n trong ting Nht l . Nu ta nin b khung chnh trong cu vn ting Nht th cc tr t nh chnh l phn lin kt cc b khung . Khi gp nhng khkhn lin quan n tr t, n c ngha l g? Bn hy th tham kho

phn bn di, hy vng n s gip ch cho bn.

Di y mnh xin ni s qua v cch dng mt s tr t thng dng.

Cch s dng

1. Biu hin ch ng trong cu

Trong cu nghi vn

o Ai s i? Ti s i o Khi no th c o Ngy mai th c o Ci no l t in ca bn? o Ci ny l t in ca ti

Trong cu vn ch s tn ti th n biu hin s tn ti ca con

ngi, vt, s vic- C ai trong phng hc? - C bn Tanaka

- C ci g trn bn? - Quyn sch trn bn - C hn vi bn

Trong cu vn c tnh t hoc trong cu so snh

Giao thng ca Nht Bn thun tin Tokyo v Seoul th ni no lnh hn?

Seoul lnh hn Ai l ngi cao nht trong lp? Tanaka l ngi cao nht lp


2/25

Ch ng trong cu vn tha ng t hoc ch hin tng

- Hoa anh o n ri - Tri ang ma - Tun trc, c tai nn giao thng ch ny

Ch ng trong cu mang tnh cht ph thuc Cu dan h t

o Ci ny l bc nh m ti chp o Cu ch khiBa ti mt khi ti cn l hc sinh tiu hc nm th hai

o Cu ch l doTi khng tham gia idu lch c v cng vic qu bnrn

o Cu ch iu kinHy trao ci ny cho Tanaka nu anh y n

Trong cu vn biu hin trng thi:

Cha kha ang c treo ca Cnh st ang ng ca vo Vit trc ch ln tm bng en Hoa c trang tr trc trong nh

Biu hin i tng

Biu hin cm xc, tm trng ca i tng trong cu tnh t o Bn nu n gii tht y o Ti thch th thao o Anh y gii ting Anh

Biu hin i tng trong cu vn th hin s mong mun

- Ti mun c mt ci my tnh - Ti mun ung nc - Hm nay ti mun n tht nng

Biu hin i tng trong cu vn th hin kh nng


3/25

Bn c hiu ting Hn Quc khng? Bn c th li xe khng? Ti c th ni c ting Trung Quc

Tr t kt ni

S dng khi mun din t ngc nhau

o C y xinh nhng tnh cch th lnh lng

o ung thuc ri nhng nhit vn khng gim:

o Khng mun i nhng vn phi i

S dng khi kt ni cu vn vi b phn trc

- Xin li, gn y c nh v sinh no khng?

- V cuc ni chuyn trc y nhng khng bit gi th no ri?

- Ti chn c ph cn bn th sao?

3) Lin quan n tha ng t th biu hin mc ch, ch th cahnh ng

Ti ang hc ting Nht Bn n cm cha? Gi Tanaka li y.

4) c s dng trong khi biu hin svn ng Th hin ni c rira

o Xung tu o Hng ngy, 7 gi sng ra khi nh 7o Bn,anh,ch tt nghip i hc t khi no?

5)Biu hin ni c tri qua


4/25

- Chim bay trn tri - Hy r phi ch tn hiu n giao thng

- Mi sng ti u i do quanh khu vc cng vin.

6) Th hin khong thi gian tri qua

Ti tri qua k ngh h M Ni y chnh l ngi nh m ti tri qua thi nin thiu.

Tc phm ny c vit ra sau nhiu nm.

4. c dng trong cu vn sai khin ca tha ng t.

o Anh ta ni a khin mi ngi u ci.

o Tt nht l hy cho tr con i ng sm.

o Gim c bt nhn vin lm vic rt mun .Ng php c bn phn 1

Ti l ngi Vit Nam. ()...

C Ly c phi l ngi Vit Nam khng ?

Anh Vinh cng l ngi Vit Nam.

Ngi ny l anh Vinh. ( Gn ti / Gn ngi ni ) Ngi l anh Vinh. ( Gn bn / Gn ngi nghe )

Ngi kia l anh Vinh. ( Xa c ngi ni v ngi nghe )
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5/25

/ / Ngi ny / Ngi kia l ai vy ?

Bn bao nhiu tui vy ? ( Hi ngi ln hn mnh / Lch s ) Bn bao nhiu tui vy ? ( Hi ngi ngang hoc nh tui hn mnh)

V d

Bn c phi l anh Rao khng ?

Vng, ti l Rao.

/

Khng, ti khng phi l Rao.

Naron c phi l ngi Indonesia khng ?

Khng, khng phi l ngi indonesia. L ngi Thi.

Mario cng l ngi Thi phi khng ? Khng, Anh Mario l ngi Philipin.

Ngi l ai vy ?

l Anh Rao.

Anh Rao l nghin cu sinh phi khng ?

Vng, l nghin cu sinh cng ty TokyoDenki.

Anh Tanaka my tui vy ?


6/25

28 28 Tui.

m thoi

(Gii thiu):

Cho mi ngi

Ti l Tanaka.

Sau ny nh mi ngi gip .

:

Xin cho.

Ti l Rao, ngi n .

Hin l nghin cu sinh cng ty TokyoDenki.

Chuyn mn ca ti l ngnh my tnh.Sau ny nh mi ngi gip .

Ng php c bn phn3

Tr tch v tr ca s vt, s vic :

ch ny

ch

ch kia

u
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7/25

Tr t ch v tr (mang hm ngha trang trng, lch s) :

pha ny

pha

pha kia

pha no

V d :

y l quy l tn phi khng? ... Vng, ng vy.

Thang my u ? ... ng kia ka.

Anh Tanaka ang u? ... Anh y ang phng hp.

Vn phng u ? ... pha ny .

Anh l ngi nc no? ... Ti l ngi Vit Nam.

y l ci c vt ca nc no? ... C vt ca M .

2,500

Ci cp xch ny gi bao nhiu tin? ... Gi 2,500 yn .

Hi thoi :


8/25

Xin li cho ti hi, quy bn m u ?

tng 2 .

Cm n.

Xin li, cho ti xem ci m kia.

Vng, xin mi qu khch.

y l m ca phi khng?

Vng, ng vy .

N bao nhiu tin ?

1800 yn .

Th cho ti ly ci m ny.

Ng php c bn phn 4

1. Cch ni gi, pht:

4
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9/25

By gi l 4 gi.

2. Cu c s dngng t:

8 5

Ti lm vic t 8 gi ri n nm gi ri.

11

Hm nay, ti ng lc 11 gi.

3. Cch chia ng t:

Th khng nh Th ph nh

Thi hin ti, tng lai

Thi qu kh

V d:

By gi l my gi?

By gi l 6 gi.

4

H Ni, by gi l 4 gi ri chiu.

Bu in lm vic t 7 gi n 5 gi.


10/25

Th vin ngh th 7 v ch nht.

Mi sng, bn hc lc my gi?

Ti hc lc 7 gi.

Hm qua, bn c lm vic khng?

Khng, ti khng lm vic.

Hi thoi:

Xin li, cho ti hi,th vin ca trng m ca t my gi n my gi ?

Th vin m ca t 7 gi n 6 gi.

Ngy ngh l th my ?

Ngy ngh l th 3.

Cm n bn nhiu.


11/25

Ng php c bn phn 5

Nhng mu cu s dng ng t ch s di chuyn.

Ti v nh bng xe but.

Ti n t Vit Nam.

V d :

Ngy mai, bn c i u khng?

Ti khng i u c.

Bn n thnh ph H Ch Minh bng phng tin g?

Ti i bng my bay.

Hng tun, bn n siu th vi ai?

Ti i vi m ti.

Mi ti, bn v nh lc my gi?
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12/25

Ti v lc 9 gi.

Sinh nht ca ti ngy 23 thng 6.

Hi thoi :

A

Ch nht tun trc, bn i u?

B

Ti i Kyoto.

A

Th . Bn i bng phng tin g?

B

Ti i bng tu Shinkansen.

A

Bn i mt mnh ?

B

Khng, ti i cng vi bn ti.

A

Th .

Ng php c bn phn 6
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13/25

Ti ung nc.

Tr tbiu th tc ng trc tip ca hnh ng.

Ti lm bi tp v nh th vin.

Tr tbiu th a im din ra hnh ng.

Bn c i ung cafe vi ti khng?

Mu cu biu th ngha mi mc, r r. Thng c i km vi

Hn ngy mai gp.

Mu cu biu th li ngh cng lm g, mang thi ch ng ca ngini.

V d :

Bn c ht thuc l khng?

Khng, ti khng ht.

Th 7, bn lm g?

Ti hc ting Nht. Sau , ti xem phim.


14/25

Bn mua ci cp sch ny u?

Ti mua bch ha.

Ti nay, bn i xem phim vi ti khng?

, hay y, cng i xem nh.

Hi thoi:

A

Bn i xem ha nhc vi ti nh?

B

Ha nhc g vy?

A

Nhc c in y.

B

Nghe hay y. Khi no vy?

A 7

Ti nay, lc 7h30.

B7

T hiu ri. Th th hn gp k tc x lc 7 gi nh.

Ng m trong ting NhtNg php ting Nht
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15/25

I. Ng m trong ting Nht:1. Cch c:

A. Trng m (:): trong ting Nht, c 1 s trng hp

I. Ng m trong ting Nht:

1. Cch c:A. TRNG M ( : ): trong ting Nht, c 1 s trng hp,cc ch khng ch c nh n sn c m c ko di ra nh kt hp vi ccch khc. Khi ngha ca n cng khc i ,cc bn nn ch . +obasan : c, bc

+ obaasan : b, b c

+ojisan : ch, bc

+ ojiisan : ng,ng c

+yuki : tuyt

+yuuki: dng kh

+e: bc tranhee: vng, d (dng trong vn ni)

+

toru : chp hnh

+tooru : chy (tu, xe)

+koko: y

+kookoo: hiu tho

+heya: cn phng

+ heiya: ng bng*c bit trong katakana khi mun c trng m th ta biu th bng du V d :kaado:card

takushii : taxi


16/25

suupaa: supermarketting

teepu : bng cassetnoote: cun tp,cun v

B. M NIy l cc cch c ca t un, cch c t ny ch yu ging nh ch Ntrong ting Vit, cn 1 s trng hp khc him hoi c l M;P;B.

C. KHUT M:

Trong ting Nht,c 1 s trng hp bn thy rng ch tsu b vit nh ch khng vit ln nh bnh thng. Khi bn c ging nh ch T trong

ting Vit.V d : nikki : nht k ; kitte : con tem...

D. O M :Cng tng t nh trng hp chstu b vit nh,cc t yayu yo trong hiragana v cc nguyn m a i u e o trong katakana cng thngb vit nh.N lm bin i cch pht m ca t i trc n,ngi ta gi l om.

V d: hyaku : mt trm; sofa : gh sofa...

E. TRNG M :v c rt nhiu t ng m nn ting Nht cng c cch nhnging kh l a dng,ci ny th phi t hc t mi ,luyn nhiu th cc bnmi rnh c,thuc v kinh nghim ri.

Ly v d l t hashi: cy cu ,c l h s (nhn m 2) cn khi:i a th c l h s( nhm m u). Lu l ci ny cn ty thuc vovng na, tokyo th khc cn osaka th li khc.

F. NG IU TRONG CU VN:cng ging nh ting Vit, trong cu khngnh th ging c u u, cu hi th cui cu ln ging. Cn cu biu l sng tnh, cm thn th h ging cui cu.

Cch m trong ting Nht
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17/25

Xin gii thiu vi cc bn nhng cch m trong ting Nht. y l nhngkin thc c bn nhtcho cc bn mi bt u hc ting Nht. Cc bn hytham kho nhng cch m m mnh lit k di y^^

I) S

, 0khng)

: 1 ( mt)

2 ( hai)

3 (ba)

4 (bn)

5 (nm)

6 (su)

7 (by)

8 (tm)

9 (chn)

10 (mi)

(mi mt)

(mi hai)

(mi ba)

(mi bn)

(mi lm)

(mi su)

(mi by)

(mi tm)


18/25

(mi chn)

(hai mi)

(mt trm)

(mt nghn)

( mt vn hoc mi nghn)

(trm vn)

(ngn vn)

(trm triu)

Cch c c th v cc trng hp c bit ( in m):

100 hyaku 1000 sen

200 ni hyaku 2000 ni sen

300 sanbyaku 3000 sanzen

400 yon hyaku 4000 yon sen

500 go hyaku 5000 go sen

600 roppyaku 6000 roku sen

700 nana hyaku 7000 nana sen

800 hap pyaku 8000 hassen


19/25

900 kj hyaku 9000 kj sen

10 000 ichi man

20 000 ni man

30 000 san man

40 000 yon man

50 000 go man

60 000 roku man

70 000 nana man

80 000 hachi man

90 000 kj man

II) Ngy thng nm :

A) Thng: thm gatsu sau cc s= thng tng ng

thng 1 ichigatsu

thng 2 nigatsu


20/25

thng 3 sangatsu

thng 4 shigatsu*

thng 5 gogatsu

thng 6 rokugatsu

thng 7 shichigatsu*

thng 8 hachigatsu

thng 9 kugatsu*

thng 10 gatsu

thng 11 ichigatsu

thng 12 nigatsu

B) Ngy trong tun:

Tun sh

ngy trong

tunybi


21/25

th hai getsuybi = nguyt, trng

th ba kaybi = ha, la

th tu suiybi = thy, nc

th nm mokuybi = tho, cy

th su kin'ybi = kim, vng

th by doybi = th = t

cha nht nichiybi = nht = mttri

C) Ngy trong thng:

1 tsuitachi

2 futsuka

3 mikka

4

yokka

5 itsuka

6 muika


22/25

7 nanoka

8 yka

9 kokonoka

10 tka

11 ichinichi

12 ninichi

13 sannichi

14 yokka

15 gonichi

16 rokunichi

17 shichinichi

18 hachinichi

19 kunichi

20 hatsuka


23/25

21 nijichinichi

22 nijninichi

23 nijsannichi

24 nijyokka

25 nijgonichi

26 nijrokunichi

27 nijshichinichi

28 nijhachinichi

29 nijkunichi

30 sanjnichi

31 sanjichinichi

D: Nm

Nm toshi


24/25

nm nay kotoshi

nm qua kyonen

nm ti rainen

nm1 ichinen

nm 2 ninen

nm 3 sannen

nm 4 yonen

nm 5 gonen

nm 6 rokunen

nm 7 shichinen

nm 8 hachinen

nm 9 kynen 6

nm 10 nen

nm 100 hyakunen


25/25

nm 1000 sennen

nm 2000 nisennen

nm 2006 nisenrokunen

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ngu phap tieng nhat.docx