NIPSA-Wind Analysis Presentation

Analysis for the Use of Wind Power for Electricity Generation in Bosnia

and Herzegovina

Project Overview

Under the Programme of Support for the Reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Government of Spain, through the AgenciaEspaola de Cooperacin Internacional (AECI) and Technical Office of Cooperation with the Balkan (OTC) have given founds for Analyisis of the possibility to use wind energy for electricity production in Bosnia - Herzegovina.

Project background Project Overview

The International Management Group (IMG) has been assigned by the AECI as implementing agency

After tendering procedures NIPSA was awarded with this project.

The region under consideration for this study is controlled in terms of power generation and distribution by Elektroprivreda HZ-HB-Mostar. This company is the beneficiary of the project.

Project Overview

to evaluate opportunities of wind energy usage

Objectives of the study

to study one wind farm in each of three areas selected as suitable for wind energy development

to asses the economic and legal conditions necessary to make wind energy resources attractive for speedy exploitation

to transfer to the enterprises and local authorities knowledge and working methods needed for the continued development of wind energy sources in the future

Activities developed Project Overview

Site selection: Ten macro areasMeasurement programme: to identify the best locations to provide a masts network for long term reference data

After six months: suitability of placementsAfter one year: selection of the three best sites in terms of wind speed.Final analysis: wind farm design and energy prediction

Network connection and electrical system analysisGeotechnical studiesTechnical issuesEconomic analysisLegal conditionsWind farm design

Measurement Programme

Selected areas Measurement Programme

According with the Terms of Reference the site selection shall identify suitable locations for the meteorological masts within these areas:

1. Ivanjica2. Velja Medja3. Crkvina, Brtanica4. Mostar5. Velika Vlajna6. Mesihovina7. Plono ridge8. Kamenica ridge9. Vitrenik10.Livno

Selected areas Measurement Programme

10

98 7

6 5

4

32

1

Site selection Measurement Programme

Aims of the site selectionDefinition of the exact points for installation of the 10 m mastsJustification of such selection in each caseTraining of the staff of EP HZHB Mostar

Criteria for selection of sitesExposition of the point to windHeight of the pointOrography of the TerrainExistence of access

Installation Measurement Programme

Installation: Summer 2004Inspection: September 2004Official starting:

14/07/2004 20:400110 LIVNO

29/07/2004 13:100109 VITRENIK

15/07/2004 14:000108 KAMESNICA

16/07/2004 12:400107 PLOCNO

14/07/2004 11:100106 MESIHIOVINA

19/07/2004 16:100105 VELIKA VLANJA

30/07/2004 00:000104 MOSTAR

20/07/2004 16:300103 CRKVINA BRSTANICA

21/07/2004 16:200102 VLEJA MEDJA

22/07/2004 15:100101 IVANJICA

Official StartingSite

Documentation Inspection report

Wind data analysis. Six months Measurement Programme

Objectives:

Issues taken in consideration:Quality dataWind Speed Wind RosesWeibull distributionSpatial ExtrapolationEstimation of air density

Initial reportSuitability of placements in terms of wind speed

Conclusions:Good results except in Mostar met mastInitial approachCommunication errorsManual download needed

Site selection Measurement Programme

Aims of the second site selectionSelection of the three best sites among the first ten locations to install three 50 m masts

Justification of such selection in each caseDefinition of the exact points for installation of the 50 m masts

Criteria for selection of sitesMean wind speedCurrent facilities (power lines, access, topography)Same criteria as the followed for the 10 m masts site selection in terms of wind flow

Selected sites Measurement Programme

The selected sites for further development and 50 m masts installation were:

Site 5 Veleika Vlajna: Mean wind speed logged at 10 m: 7,35Good topography conditionsTransmission lines in the vicinity

Site 10 Livno: Mean wind speed logged at 10 m: 7,43Very good accessTransmission through the area

Site 5 Mesihovina: Mean wind speed logged at 10 m: 6,89Wide flat part on the top of the ridgeTransmission lines in the vicinity

Installation Measurement Programme

Installation: July-August 2005

Inspection: September 2005

Official starting:

26/08/2005 18:400510 LIVNO

23/07/2005 00:000506 MESIHIOVINA

14/07/2005 15:100505 VELIKA VLANJA

Official StartingSite

Documentation Inspection report

Wind data analysis. One year Measurement Programme

Objectives:

Issues taken in consideration:Quality dataWind Speed Wind RosesWeibull distributionSpatial ExtrapolationEstimation of air density

To confirm the results of the first six months approachTo confirm the choice of the three selected sites for the 50 m masts installation

Conclusions:Good results in general termsComparison with first report results, quite similar figuresConfirmation of the selection madeMore accurate results are expected with the 50 m masts data


Mean wind speed over the twelve months


Main figures of the 6 and 12 months analysis

96,8%97,2%8,919,127,267,430110 Livno

88,7%86,2%8,928,977,277,310109 Vitrenik

97,3%89,7%7,778,026,336,530108 Kamensnica

74,3%72,6%8,578,486,996,910107 Plocno

96,4%95,6%8,488,456,916,890106 Mesihovina

92,9%89,9%8,829,027,197,350105 Velika Vlanja

95,4%93,7%4,514,463,683,630104 Mostar

96,0%96,2%6,636,665,415,430103 Crkvina Brstanica

53,3%68,7%7,067,295,755,940102 Velja Medja

74,4%74,7%7,588,196,186,670101 Ivanjica

12 months6 months12 months6 months12 months6 months

AvailabilityExtrapolation @ 55 mMean wind speed @ 10 m

Wind data analysis. Final Measurement Programme Objectives:

Issues taken in consideration:The same as in other reports plus:Correlation proceduresExtrapolations at 78 m a.g.l.Vertical profile at estimated with measurements at two levels

To make the correlation between the 10 and the 50 m masts To be the basis of the energy study that should be carried out at the final stage of the project at each site

Conclusions:Comparison of results between 10 and 50 m masts10 m masts results seem to be overvalued Probably causes: distances between masts, hardware configuration

Main objective of 10 m masts: reference purposesMore accurate results after one year of measurements with the 50 m masts

Spatial extrapolation Measurement Programme

Wasp model at 78 m a.g.l.

Wind rose in mast position

.tab file from MCP perfomed

0505 VELIKA VLAJNA

Mean wind speed @ 50 m (mast position): 7,42

0506 MESIHOVINA

Mean wind speed @ 50 m (mast position): 6.67

0110 LIVNO

Mean wind speed @ 50 m (mast position): 7.47

Wind Farm Design, Specificationand Energy Analysis

Objective: to study the viability of three locations selected as suitable areas for wind energy development and design on these sites three wind farms

Overview Wind Farm Design

Final data analysis Wind turbine selectionWind farm ratingWind turbine layout Energy production analysis

Close relationship existing among all the final studies and decisions

Followed steps:

Objective: to select a suitable wind turbine for the proposed wind farms

Wind turbine selection Wind Farm Design

Wind turbine manufactures Wind turbine size: small wt vs. large wt Effect on the electrical network Technical issues: crane and trucks availability and road conditions Wind conditions over the site

The selection was made having in consideration:

Conclusion:

Wind turbine selection Wind Farm Design

VESTAS: V-80 2.0 MW Hub height 78 m Class IIA GAMESA: G-87 2.0 MW Hub height 78 m Class IIA

ECOTECNIA: ECO 80 2.0 MW Hub height 70 m Class IIA

The final wind farm rating chosen for each site has been mainly based on available land and network capacity and also on projects economics

Wind farm rating Wind Farm Design

Network capacity: Present and future state of the transmission network It means the maximum power amount at each site

Land availability: Accuracy of the space extrapolation Easiness/possibility of construction the wind farm

Projects economics: Economies of scale in wind farms

Wind Turbines distribution Wind Farm Design

For the each of the selected areas a wind turbine lay out design has been made taking into account the following topics:

Wind direction and energy distributionWake interactions between wind turbinesLand availability and construction easinessTarget: energy production optimization and minimization of wake effect

Wind farms: Velika Vlajna: 16 WT ; 2 rows; nominal power 32 MW Mesihovina: 22 WT ; 3 rows; nominal power 44 MW Livno: 26 WT ; 1 row; nominal power 52 MW

Wake modeling Wind Farm Design

Wake model from WAsP:

Assumption: linear expansion behind the rotor The expanding wake follows the terrain The model works better in homogeneous terrain Target: energy production optimization and minimization of wake effect

Wake losses: Velika Vlajna: 5.65 % Mesihovina: 5.08 % Livno: 3.38 %

Availability Electrical efficiency Substation maintenance Icing and blade dirtiness High wind speed hysteresis

Wake losses:

0.932 TOTAL0.995 High wind speed hysteresis0.99 Substation maintenance0.995 Icing and blade degradation0.98 Electrical losses0.97Availability

Possible energy losses Wind Farm Design

It have been assumed as possible sources of losses the following:

Wind energy concentrated in northeast sector.

Layout 16 WT Gamesa G-87.

2 rows.

Total power 32 MW.

Velika Vlajna wind farm Wind Farm Design

Wind turbines distribution


Coordinates and mean wind speed at hub height at each turbine position

Turbine site X- location [m] Y- location [m] Elev. [m] Ht [m] U [m/s]

Turbine site 1 6477404 4806770 1050 78 7,09Turbine site 2 6477568 4806594 1070 78 7,11Turbine site 3 6477721 4806410 1070 78 6,97Turbine site 4 6477864 4806219 1108 78 7,54Turbine site 5 6478036 4806051 1110 78 7,48Turbine site 6 6478170 4805852 1111 78 7,35Turbine site 7 6478320 4805665 1115 78 7,77Turbine site 8 6478470 4805478 1099 78 7,83Turbine site 9 6478585 4805268 1091 78 7,62Turbine site 10 6477240 4806944 1036 78 7,07Turbine site 11 6477469 4806087 1079 78 7,09Turbine site 12 6477749 4805697 1075 78 7,17Turb ine site 13 6477888 4805501 1089 78 7,28Turbine site 14 6478032 4805309 1079 78 7,16Turbine site 15 6477329 4806281 1080 78 7,14Turbine site 16 6478748 4805092 1058 78 7,6


Wake losses

TURBINE LOSS (%) TURBINE LOSS (%)

Turbine 1 3,81 Turbine 9 1,95 Turbine 2 4,99 Turbine 10 2,78 Turbine 3 4,79 Turbine 11 11,52 Turbine 4 3,88 Turbine 12 10,77 Turbine 5 4,52 Turbine 13 10,94 Turbine 6 4,35 Turbine 14 9,2 Turbine 7 3,33 Turbine 15 12,2 Turbine 8 2,4 Turbine 16 0,32


Mesihovina wind farm Wind Farm Design

Wind energy concentrated in north - northeast sector.


3 rows.

Total power 44 MW.


Coordinates and mean wind speed at hub height at each turbine position

Turbine site X-location [m] Y-location [m] Elev. [m] Ht [m] U [m/s]

Turbine site 1 6436754 4834135 1040 78 8,16 Turbine site 2 6436905 4833949 1041 78 7,97 Turbine site 3 6437056 4833762 1047 78 7,99 Turbine site 4 6437207 4833575 1050 78 7,99 Turbine site 5 6437358 4833389 1050 78 8,03 Turbine site 6 6438360 4829809 1050 78 6,98 Turbine site 7 6439106 4829198 1060 78 7,13 Turbine site 8 6438920 4829350 1070 78 7,35 Turbine site 9 6438735 4829502 1070 78 7,36 Turbine site 10 6438549 4829654 1066 78 7,2 Turbine site 11 6437360 4831767 1021 78 7,38 Turbine site 12 6436586 4832546 1020 78 7,52 Turbine site 13 6438486 4830542 1070 78 7,7 Turbine site 14 6438362 4830747 1070 78 7,69 Turbine site 15 6438208 4830931 1070 78 7,76 Turbine site 16 6438051 4831113 1090 78 8,15 Turbine site 17 6437875 4831276 1090 78 8,3 Turbine site 18 6437718 4831457 1043 78 7,34 Turbine site 19 6437560 4831634 1040 78 7,68 Turbine site 20 6437052 4831999 1010 78 7,15 Turbine site 21 6436892 4832178 1001 78 7,03 Turbine site 22 6436727 4832352 994 78 6,88


Wake losses


Turbine 1 4,54 Turbine 12 7,91 Turbine 2 5,15 Turbine 13 3,19 Turbine 3 5,03 Turbine 14 4,88 Turbine 4 4,38 Turbine 15 5,03 Turbine 5 2,2 Turbine 16 5,06 Turbine 6 8,55 Turbine 17 4,93 Turbine 7 0,92 Turbine 18 6,32 Turbine 8 3 Turbine 19 5,92 Turbine 9 4,55 Turbine 20 4,95

Turbine 10 6,61 Turbine 21 7,03 Turbine 11 4,54 Turbine 22 8,2

Wind energy concentrated in northeast sector.


1 rows.

Total power 52 MW.

Livno wind farm Wind Farm Design



Coordinates and mean wind speed at hub height at each turbine positionSite description X-location [m] Y-location [m] Elev. [m] Ht [m] U [m/s]

Turbine site 1 6434036 4846288 1299 78 6,99 Turbine site 2 6433843 4846430 1289 78 6,62 Turbine site 3 6433651 4846574 1290 78 6,55 Turbine site 4 6433467 4846728 1284 78 6,47 Turbine site 5 6433288 4846888 1280 78 6,44 Turbine site 6 6433111 4847050 1283 78 6,56 Turbine site 7 6432938 4847216 1332 78 7,4 Turbine site 8 6432770 4847375 1346 78 7,59 Turbine site 9 6432628 4847569 1363 78 7,85 Turbine site 10 6432449 4847726 1391 78 8,21 Turbine site 11 6432257 4847870 1410 78 8,36 Turbine site 12 6432056 4848000 1409 78 8,42 Turbine site 13 6431850 4848123 1399 78 8,48 Turbine site 14 6431641 4848242 1365 78 8,26 Turbine site 15 6431419 4848331 1331 78 7,97 Turbine site 16 6431196 4848421 1312 78 8,03 Turbine site 17 6430975 4848513 1289 78 8 Turbine site 18 6430753 4848605 1270 78 7,9 Turbine site 19 6430532 4848698 1260 78 7,83 Turbine site 20 6430330 4849254 1232 78 7,63 Turbine site 21 6430124 4849374 1240 78 7,92 Turbine site 22 6429971 4849558 1234 78 7,85 Turbine site 23 6429810 4849736 1220 78 7,65 Turbine site 24 6429695 4849946 1230 78 7,68 Turbine site 25 6429472 4850192 1220 78 7,5 Turbine site 26 6430541 4849111 1221 78 7,33


Turbine 1 1,62 Turbine 14 3,51 Turbine 2 4,84 Turbine 15 3,48 Turbine 3 5,79 Turbine 16 3,33 Turbine 4 5,46 Turbine 17 3,16 Turbine 5 4,73 Turbine 18 2,96 Turbine 6 4,04 Turbine 19 2,79 Turbine 7 3,79 Turbine 20 2,97 Turbine 8 3,68 Turbine 21 2,81 Turbine 9 3,19 Turbine 22 2,42

Turbine 10 3,58 Turbine 23 2,44 Turbine 11 3,77 Turbine 24 2,58 Turbine 12 3,91 Turbine 25 1,84 Turbine 13 3,75 Turbine 26 2,78


Wake losses

Final results Wind Farm Design

Annual energy production expected. (AEP)

Total net annual energy

production (GWh) considering wake losses

89,35695,875 2792 32% 5,65

Total net annual energy production (GWh) considering

other sources of losses

Full load equivalent hours/year

Capacity factor

Proportional wake loss (%)

Total gross annual energy production

(GWh)

101,615

VELIKA VLAJNAVELIKA VLAJNA

MESIHOVINATotal gross annual energy production

(GWh)

Total net annual energy production (GWh)

considering wake losses




Capacity factor


33% 5,08145,28 137,904 128,527 2921

MESIHOVINA

LIVNOTotal gross annual energy production

(GWh)

Total net annual energy production (GWh)

considering wake losses




Capacity factor


166,142 160,533 149,617 2877 33% 3,38

LIVNO

Documents

NIPSA-Wind Analysis Presentation