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NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS IN CHINA
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
FLOODSFLOODS
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
CHINA’SCHINA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
CHINA’SCHINA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PROTECTION•PEPAREDNESS•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY
FIVE PILLARS OF FIVE PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE
FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• Too much water inserted quickly in the regional drainage system to be accommodated normally within the water cycle
• Erosion
• Scour
• Mudflows
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
DAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIESDAMAGE DAMAGE INJURIESINJURIES
UNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISK
COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS
COLLAPSE COLLAPSE DEATHSDEATHS
LOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTIONLOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS
RISKRISKRISKRISK
SOME OF CHINA’S NOTABLE FLOODS
MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1887 YELLOW RIVER (HUANG HE) FLOODS
• 1887 YELLOW RIVER (HUANG HE) FLOODS
• DEATHS:
900,000–2,000,000
• DEATHS:
900,000–2,000,000
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1935 YANGTZE RIVER FLOODS
• 1935 YANGTZE RIVER FLOODS
• DEATHS:
145,000• DEATHS:
145,000
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1938 YELLOW RIVER (HUANG HE) FLOODS
• 1938 YELLOW RIVER (HUANG HE) FLOODS
• DEATHS:
500,000–700,000
• DEATHS:
500,000–700,000
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1939 TIANJIN FLOODS
• 1939 TIANJIN FLOODS
• DEATHS:
30,000• DEATHS:
30,000
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1954 YANGTZE RIVER FLOODS
• 1954 YANGTZE RIVER FLOODS
• DEATHS:
30,000 • DEATHS:
30,000
8
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1975 FLOODS • 1975 FLOODS • DEATHS:
86,000 FROM FLOODING AND 145,000 FROM DISEASE
• DEATHS:
86,000 FROM FLOODING AND 145,000 FROM DISEASE
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1980 SICHUAN, HUBEI, AND ANHUI FLOODS
• 1980 SICHUAN, HUBEI, AND ANHUI FLOODS
• DEATHS:
6,200• DEATHS:
6,200
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1989 SICHUAN FLOODS
• 1989 SICHUAN FLOODS
• DEATHS: 3,814
• DEATHS: 3,814
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 1998 YANGTZE FLOODS
• 1998 YANGTZE FLOODS
• DEATHS: 3,656
• DEATHS: 3,656
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2004 FLOODS IN CHINA
• 2004 FLOODS IN CHINA
• DEATHS: 1,029
• DEATHS: 1,029
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2005 FUJIAN, ANHUI, ZHEJIANG FLOODS
• 2005 FUJIAN, ANHUI, ZHEJIANG FLOODS
• DEATHS: 1,624
• DEATHS: 1,624
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2007 FLOODS • 2007 FLOODS • DEATHS: 1,348
• DEATHS: 1,348
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2010 FLOODS IN CHINA-NORTH K0REA
• 2010 FLOODS IN CHINA-NORTH K0REA
• DEATHS: 2,072
• DEATHS: 2,072
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
CHINA’S NOTABLE HISTORIC FLOODS
• 2010 FLOODS IN CHINA-NORTH K0REA
• 2010 FLOODS IN CHINA-NORTH K0REA
• DEATHS: 2,072
• DEATHS: 2,072
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOOD RISK REDUCTION
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• REAL TIME WEATHER FORCASTING AND WARNING SYSTEMS
• MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., STREAM GAGUES)
• RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)
• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND
500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER
SCENARIOS• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
• DATABASES • MAPS: 100-YEAR AND
500-YEAR FLOODS• FLOOD DISASTER
SCENARIOS• DRONE PLANES• HAZMAT
MANAGEMENT
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES
FLOOD RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• PURPOSE
• PREVENTION
• PROTECTION
• LAND USE CONTROL
• TECHNIQUE
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS)
• HAZARD MAPS (RISK ZONES)
• TECHNIQUE
• WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD CONTROL (DIKES, LEVEES, AND DAMS)
• HAZARD MAPS (RISK ZONES)
THREE GORGES DAM: 2309 M LONG, 190 M HIGH, 15 M THICK
FLOOD GATES OPENED ON THREE GORGES DAM: JULY 22, 2007
