Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: Argentina

Delegate: Joycelyn Woo (joycelynwoo@hotmail.com); DGS

Nuclear terrorism is a reckless act of using nuclear weapons and/or radioactive material for

violent means with the intention of causing death, serious bodily injury, as well as

widespread damage to property and/or to the environment. Due to its destructive nature, it

is to be prevented at all costs and the cooperation of all nations is necessary in order for this

to be possible in the near future.

Argentina itself has had a brief history with the development of weapons of mass

destruction. Under the National Reorganization Process, a military dictatorship that ruled in

the 1970s, Argentina began a nuclear weapons program in the early 1980s. It was quickly

abolished when democracy was restored in 1983.

Argentina believes that the root of the problem of nuclear terrorism lies in the lack of effort

to authorize nuclear power and weapons for peaceful and authorized state use. Since the

start of democratic rule in 1983, Argentina has been active in non-proliferation efforts. On

February 10, 1995, Argentina acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-

nuclear weapon state. To this day, Argentina restrictedly uses nuclear power in non-military

roles only.

Argentina is also one of the 85 partners of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism

(GICNT), co-chaired by the United States and the Russian Federation; the aim of which is to

strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to nuclear terrorism by

conducting multilateral activities that strengthen the plans, policies, procedures, and

interoperability of partner nations.

Argentina believes that only by fully removing such nuclear threats can nuclear terrorism be

eradicated. To achieve full disarmament of nuclear weaponry is the ultimate goal, but it is

only an ideal in a sense that it is hard to accomplish. In the meantime, nuclear weapon states

should seek ways to secure their fissionable materials and cease the proliferation of nuclear

weapons. Though they cannot directly eliminate the threat of nuclear terrorism, these

measures are stepping stones leading towards a world void of nuclear threats.

Public sharing and secrecy of nuclear possession is also a roadblock to our goal of achieving

nuclear nonproliferation. Argentina urges all nations be willing to admit the possession of

nuclear weapons or development of related plans and adhere to treaties that limit the

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  propagation of nuclear weapons. Only with a transparent approach about each country’s

possession of any radioactive or fissile material, will it be possible for such weapons to be

disposed of and safety to be restored. Argentina also suggests the nuclear weapon states to

construct a secure international network for the sharing of information regarding nuclear

terrorists as well as forming a neutral international task force aimed at combating nuclear

terrorism.

To conclude, Argentina strongly believes that nuclear disarmament is the best solution for

nuclear terrorism. However, it also acknowledges the implications of the immediate

eradication of all nuclear weapons. Hence, Argentina urges all nations, especially the nuclear

weapon states, to uphold their responsibility in preventing nuclear terrorism and work

towards a nuclear weapon-free world.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: People Republic of China

Delegate: Samantha Ip (140042@hkis.edu.hk), Benjamin Li (130848@hkis.edu.hk); HKIS

The People’s Republic of China, as a nuclear weapons-armed state, fully understands the

need to secure our stores of weapons and enriched uranium in order to prevent terrorist

groups from acquiring these resources. China believes that increased cooperation between

scientists in different nations, along with global safety guidelines, is the key to preventing

nuclear terrorism.

China currently possesses approximately 16 metric tons of highly enriched uranium, and 1.8

tons of weapons-grade plutonium. Production is no longer occurring, as all facilities

producing weapons-grade uranium and plutonium have been decommissioned. Currently,

low-level uranium enrichment is for civilian purposes (such as electricity production) only.

Highly enriched uranium has been used for research purposes, and has also been

incorporated into approximately 170 nuclear warheads, making China the original nuclear-

armed state with the smallest existing arsenal.

There are two components to the security of nuclear facilities: securing weapons-usable

fissile materials, and securing finished weapons. China’s Atomic Energy Authority is

currently engaging in active dialogue with the United States Energy Department and the

IAEA to exchange best practices. The Lab-to-Lab program of 1995-1998 allowed scientists in

the United States and China to share technical expertise, and significantly advanced China’s

nuclear safety practices. China’s nuclear facilities are also required to undergo periodic

testing regarding security; however, there is currently no set of international guidelines

regarding such testing.

The People’s Republic of China proposes a multifaceted solution to preventing nuclear

terrorism. Firstly, uniform rules must be established to quantify the “effective” safety

guidelines mentioned under UN Security Council Resolution 1540, which bindingly commits

member states to preventing non-state groups from acquiring nuclear material. These rules

must address security of intact nuclear warheads, fissile material storage upgrades, reporting

of security breaches, and cooperation with nations that do not currently collaborate with the

IAEA, under an international forum specifically addressing nuclear terrorism.

Secondly, in order to prevent corruption and encourage investment into safety measures,

member nations should provide rewards (financial or otherwise) to operators of nuclear

facilities who upgrade their facilities in compliance with the aforementioned guidelines.

Inspections can be facilitated by the IAEA, however nations should still have the flexibility to

pursue their nuclear programs with flexibility and an appreciable level of secrecy.

Finally, programs similar to the Lab-to-Lab initiative between China and the United States

should be established worldwide. These programs are not only useful for developing safety

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  measures, but also for developing new ways to convert highly enriched uranium to low-grade

uranium, and use this safer form of nuclear fissile material for electricity generation and

other civilian uses.

The People’s Republic of China hopes that the Security Council can come to a consensus

regarding the delicate balance between security and sharing of information, in order to best

protect the global community against nuclear terrorism.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: French Republic

Delegate: Brian Wong (brian.ys.wong@online.island.edu.hk); Island School

Positioned on the verge of a new technological era, the French Republic acknowledges the

future as a double-edged sword: whilst technology certainly has its benefits; it may also

result in catastrophic consequences, such as nuclear terrorism and warfare. The only

solution to issues of such nature, as viewed by the French Republic, is via close collaboration

between the United Nations and regional bodies.

A “dirty bomb” that can detonate to obliterate hundreds of lives and cast death on thousands

over millennia to come; a nuclear missile that can wipe out the populations of entire cities

and jeopardize the stabilities of countries and continents… – it is high time for the United

Nations to agree with France that nuclear terrorism is a crisis of the present. Attempts and

claims from terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda and Northern Caucasian extremists to include

nuclear energy in their arsenals have been proliferate and far too frequent. Bin Laden even

conceded that the acquisition of nuclear weapons was a “religious duty”. The vested

intentions of such radical groups are made even more treacherous by the fact that there have

been 18 incidences of theft and loss of highly enriched uranium and plutonium confirmed by

the IAEA, in addition to numerous infiltrations of allegedly well-guarded nuclear facilities in

South Africa and Pakistan. It is such slovenly and poor regulations, as well as the lack of legal

framework for deterrence, prosecution, and inter-state collaboration that have led to the

loopholes and gaps through which terrorists can infiltrate our systems and retrieve our

resources – via corrupt channels and officials.

As an active member of the IAEA and sponsor of the 2002 resolution “Measures to prevent

terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction”, the French Republic is party to 13

conventions related to counter-terrorism, including the 2005 International Convention for

the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. The French Republic encourages efficient

national guidelines to ascertain the security of storage and handling of sensitive materials,

which is why it supports the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material

(CPPNM). Even within the nation itself, the French Republic operated closely with the IAEA

in identifying and securing “orphan” radioactive sources in Georgia, as well as removing

potentially exploitable radioactive elements in Cote d’Ivoire, in compliance with its

overarching strategy for safe, systematic, and rigorously monitored experimentation with

radioactive materials. The French Republic is very content to declare its relative success in

controlling the usage of radioactive substances.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Our honorable former President Sarkozy once commented, “France will not and does not

approve of the outcome and idea of banning nuclear weapons completely.” The French

Republic views the complete removal of nuclear weapons as a jeopardisation of its national

security, as well as other nations’. With this in mind, the French Republic recommends

sensitive export control, which can lower the risk of terrorists’ accessing materials, facilities,

and technology that can further the synthesis of weapons of mass destruction. The French

Republic also advocates for the universalisation of conventions and standards, and increased

legal crackdown on non-state usage of nuclear weapons. The French Republic sides with the

US in that both nations will push for increasingly rigorous enforcement of laws on private

entities.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: Germany

Delegate: Monica Wadekar (monica.wadekar@yahoo.com); FIS

Over the past few years, nuclear terrorism has increasingly become an international

threat and yet is not taken seriously by many nations. The materials in order to make nuclear

bombs are accessible and it is not difficult for terrorist groups to access instruction for

building these bombs. Therefore, for these terrorist groups, the main obstacle would be to

acquire materials such as plutonium or uranium in order to create the bombs. Germany feels

that steps need to be taken in order to prevent access to these materials before use of nuclear

weapons escalates for as Angela Merkel stated, “It is a question of the perception of the

threat and of a culture of security which is not yet established in the public arena”

In cooperation with the United Nations, Germany has already participated in

movements to limit access to these materials, and to limit proliferation of nuclear

weapons. Though it is in possession of nuclear weapons via the United States of America

under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Germany has signed the Nuclear

Non-Proliferation Treaty and in addition, is a participant of the Nuclear Suppliers

Group, which governs the export of materials designed for nuclear use. Furthermore,

Germany has announced support of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA)

plan of protection for nuclear materials and facilities. In addition, following the

Fukushima Crisis, Germany has announced the decision to shut down all nuclear power

stations in Germany by 2021, seven of which have already been shut down. In addition

several (over 15) years ago, Germany made contributions to the Nuclear Security Fund

(NSF) as part of the G8 Global Partnership in order to aid Russia Federation and the

Newly Independent States manage their nuclear and other radioactive materials.

Germany feels that the United Nations should take measures against the acquisition

of nuclear materials through strict monitoring of both imports and exports of materials

possibly used for nuclear purposes. Any materials that could be used for nuclear

purposes should be documented and kept track of. Germany also feels that although

there are already nations with nuclear power, no new nuclear states should be created in

order to best monitor fissile materials and decrease chances of terrorism. Furthermore,

all existing nuclear material should be strictly secured and any nuclear facilities heavily

guarded. Not only do facilities need to be guarded, but also any nuclear material in

transit should be monitored. If these materials are not guarded and kept track of, it will

be impossible to know of any fissile material that goes missing, and as less 18 pounds of

plutonium or 55 pounds of highly enriched uranium are necessary to make a nuclear

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  

bomb, monitoring of these materials is crucial. If terrorist groups cannot access material

to create nuclear weapons, the threat of nuclear terrorism is minimal, thus Germany

feels that monitoring of fissile material is key in preventing nuclear attacks. Germany is

strictly against the creation of a new nuclear state, as this would augment the risk of

nuclear terrorism. Germany suggests the possible creation of a new United Nations

Committee whose purpose will be to strictly monitor all nuclear plants in addition to any

materials either stationary, or in transport that could lead be used for nuclear weapons

and/ or nuclear energy. By doing so, Germany hopes to ensure that terrorists do not

have access to nuclear material, and if access to these materials is limited, the threat

should diminish.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: Israel

Delegate: Matthew Tam (wiseyoungmat@hotmail.com); CIS

The issue of nuclear terrorism is one of extreme importance to Israel both as a theoretical

and realistic horror. Although the Israeli government is actively against terrorism, it fears

that terrorism with the aid of nuclear armaments can create a potentially much direr

situation in which resistance would be difficult. The Israeli delegation is concerned over the

risk of nuclear terrorism in two main ways, depending on the entity possessing nuclear arms

that intends to utilize such arms for terrorism. It does, however, wish to direct the main

focus of the debate specifically to the context of terrorist, radical groups.

When defining terrorism as the use of terror to achieve political aims, one finds that

nuclear terror is not limited to the use of nuclear armaments by terrorists, but also

encompasses the use of nuclear armaments by legitimate and recognized states to inflict

terror in order to achieve a political aim. Thus, it is important for states known for and have

admitted to the possession of nuclear armaments to head towards nuclear non-proliferation,

and to express their goodwill through signing and ratifying the Treaty on the Non-

Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The Israeli delegation is primarily concerned over

the possession of nuclear arms in the case of Iran, which has in the past threatened the

Israeli government of an attack precisely to inflict terror in Israel, and the Democratic

People’s Republic of Korea, which officially recognizes neither Israel’s statehood nor its right

to sovereignty, and further did not sign the NPT. To this end, the Israeli delegation wishes to

express its disgust over any state’s practice of inflicting terror in another state through

nuclear armaments, all the while maintaining the fact that Israel does not possess nuclear

armaments of any kind, and that the only nuclear developments in its borders are confined

to the area of atomic energy.

The delegation of Israel strongly believes that a greater potential threat lies in the

possession of nuclear arms by radical extremists conventionally labelled “terrorists”. Nuclear

terrorism is far more dangerous here as the underlying guarantee of Mutually Assured

Destruction when dealing with radicals in possession of weapons of mass destruction,

especially nuclear weapons, cannot be applied: realistic examples of suicide bombings and

the nature of operation of a cell-based terrorist organization itself means that while anti-

terrorist activities can hinder the operation of terrorists greatly, and the Israeli government

has been doing so in the past years against the Hamas and other terrorist organizations,

against a terrorist with a large-scale and operational nuclear weapon there is no guarantee

that he will not use such armaments. A terrorist with access to nuclear armaments is

potentially much more harmful than a state with an arsenal of nuclear armaments. While

nuclear armament production remains a difficult and expensive project and the protection of

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  nuclear armaments and materials are generally done meticulously in states, it is theoretically

still possible for terrorists to get hold of radioactive materials, as seen in the case of dirty

bombs. Although such bombs are, as of now, harmful more psychologically than physically,

they do serve as a reminder that as developments continue in the nuclear industry, the fears

may well become true. Thus it is as important to protect the current nuclear armaments from

falling into the wrong hands, as it is to prevent the development of such armaments by

terrorist organizations. At the same time the international community should be wary of

developments that can make the construction of nuclear weaponry less difficult and more

accessible.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: Pakistan

Delegate: Chris Crabbe (101brains@gmail.com); WIS

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan realizes that we live in an era where protection against

terrorist activities continues to be of the highest priority to national security and that the

greatest our concern is the proliferation of nuclear armaments and fissile materials to

extremist organisations within our territory. Thus it in our interests to encourage nuclear

arms control and nonproliferation throughout, not only our region but internationally. We

are deeply concerned regarding the issue of nuclear terrorism within our own region as

Pakistan faces the ever present threat of extremist forces, such as those linked with Al-

Qaeda, infiltrating our nuclear stockpiles in order to steal valuable technology and materials,

to further their hostile agendas. Since developing nuclear capabilities over two decades ago,

we have continued to take steps in order to increases the physical security of our nuclear

technology and have taken an active role in securing against the proliferation of nuclear,

armaments, materials and technology.

Since 2000 we have worked tirelessly with other member states, such as the United States of

America, in order to improve our security against outside extremist forces. We have also

have helped to establish control systems within our nation, through founding the National

Command Authority (or NCA) which monitors the use and organization of nuclear weapons.

The United States has also collaborated with our armed forces in carrying out operations to

eliminate known Al-Qaeda operatives, which have only helped to increase security within the

region at large. By carrying out these joint operations we have drastically decreased the

possibility of our own nuclear armaments coming under threat. Thus we can assure other

member states that we are capable of the safety of our nuclear facilities.

Pakistan believes that through working with the Security Council in order to strengthen

nuclear security and the physical safety of nuclear arms and personnel, we can begin to curb

the threat of nuclear proliferation within Pakistan and the surrounding South Asian region.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  

Country: The Russian Federation

Delegate: Justin Lee (justinlee.tasman@gmail.com); LPCUWC

As to date, nuclear terrorism occupies the top of the pyramid of deadly threats for the

international community. The attempts of extremist groups such as the Chechen rebels and

Al-Qaeda to acquire nuclear weapons and material in the past decades, poise a serious

menace for the global stability, and the lives of thousands of civilians. The Russian

Federation reaffirms that it is of outmost importance that the Security Council establishes

effective measures to counter acts of nuclear terrorism, which could threaten global peace

and security and cause irreparable damage to the environment.

The Russian Federation has experienced the perils of nuclear terrorism. To date, the

only confirmed case of attempted nuclear terrorism occurred in Russia on November 23,

1995, when Chechen separatists put a crude bomb containing 70 pounds of a mixture of

cesium-137 and dynamite in Moscow’s Ismailovsky Park. Among international terrorists,

Chechen rebels have achieved a reputation for extreme ruthlessness, including torture,

executions, and beheadings. For this reason, we are convinced that lasting stability and

security can only be secured once the possibility of nuclear terrorist attacks is ruled out not

only in Russia, but also in the international community. The Russian Federation, as the main

proposer of the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism,

reaffirms its initiative to address such a crucial problem, and urges the international

community to ratify the convention, and take further actions to prevent terrorist groups from

getting hold of nuclear weapons.

For the Russian Federation, the most important challenge in this issue is to prevent

terrorists from obtaining a nuclear weapon or material from which a weapon could be made.

National security experts agree that the most likely way terrorists will obtain a nuclear bomb

will involve not theft or purchase of a fully operational device, but purchase of fissile material

from which they construct their own. Terrorists would find it easiest to steal fissile material

because it is smaller, lighter, more abundant, and less protected than the weapons

themselves. In addition to this, the secrecy of nuclear programs in different countries also

means that the security of fissile material is not granted. Thus, no registration and control of

nuclear centers and programs leaves a huge loophole for terrorist groups to obtain such

weapons.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  

In order to confront the acknowledged issues, the Russian Federation relies on

international cooperation with the IAEA and the Security Council to strengthen the global

alliance against nuclear terrorism, by ratifying the International Convention for the

Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. Furthermore, as one of the main signatories of the

Non Proliferation Treaty, we strongly believe in the regulation of nuclear programs with the

supervision of the IAEA, which will aim to ensure international security regarding nuclear

materials and a shut down of the nuclear black market. The Russian Federation also calls

upon the Security Council and all the United Nations organs responsible for the impartation

of justice, to prosecute the war on terrorism to eliminate those who attempt to conduct

nuclear attacks.

In conclusion, the Russian Federation reaffirms the importance of international

performance on designing programs to support transparency in nuclear research and

development. The Russian Federation believes that keeping nuclear weapons and materials

out of the hands of the world’s most dangerous people is a challenge to international will and

determination, not to our technical capabilities. By creating stronger bonds between nations,

cooperating with the UN agencies, and complying with the nuclear energy conventions, the

Russian Federation hopes to achieve global stability in the near future. Russia looks forward

to designing a convention aimed at combating new and dangerous manifestations of

terrorism, stimulating the adoption of effective preventive measures in that sphere, and

establishing a reliable international legal mechanism for cooperation at all stages of

combating nuclear terrorism. The Russian Federation is ready to lead such a convention, and

cautions the Security Council that failing to reach an agreement would send the wrong signal

to the terrorist groups.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: South Africa

Delegate: Christopher Au (christopher_au@student.aishk.edu.hk); AIS

Since its invention in the 1930’s, the issue of nuclear weapons in our society have continued

to be a major concern, having the potential to develop widespread conflict and unrest

between many countries. Incidents such as the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945

have shown firsthand, how devastating the use of Nuclear weapons can be towards the long

term futures of human health and the state of the surrounding environment.

South Africa believes that the issue of nuclear terrorism applies to all forms of developments,

theft and/ or uses of nuclear resources that are against the current laws and treaties issued

by the United Nations. These treaties being mainly the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of

Nuclear Weapons which South Africa is proudly a member, since 1991.

South Africa believes that the main root of the issue of nuclear terrorism stems from three

critical problems. These three problems are the lack of an effective and strict legal framework

to prosecute individuals who commit nuclear terrorism, lack of inspections by the

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) due to restrictions and also inadequate safety

measures currently used to protect nuclear devices. South Africa believes that solving these

three issues will eliminate all issues of nuclear terrorism.

South Africa being one out of the nine nuclear-armed states has effectively abolished all

nuclear weapons present within the country. Since 1991, the nuclear weapons program in

South Africa known as the Atomic Energy Corporation (AEC) has been shut down with all 6

nuclear weapons being disposed of.

Currently South Africa is aggressively promoting the disposal of all nuclear weapons, being a

key member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and also playing a leading role in the

establishment of the African Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba). The

main governing body of the Treaty of Pelindaba, known as the ‘African Commission on

Nuclear Energy’ is currently established in South Africa.

Being a nuclear free country, South Africa believes that effective communication and

cooperation between nuclear-armed states and the IAEA is the key to solving this issue.

Effective cooperation will ensure that the current restrictions by member states towards the

inspections by the IAEA will be removed.

As a result the IAEA can gather critical information on the security systems of current

nuclear facilities. This would help prevent possible physical attacks or cyber attacks from

terrorist organisations such as Al Qaeda.

Another improvement to this current issue would be to combine all conventions, treaties and

initiatives on the issue of nuclear terrorism into a single organisation. This would greatly

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  increase the productivity in efforts to combat these issues, as there would be less duplication

of effort and financing.

South Africa would like to express its appreciation towards all member states in their efforts

to help combat the issue of nuclear terrorism and hopes that the issue will be resolved as

soon as possible at the next United Nations Security Council to ensure global peace and

security.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: The Republic of Turkey

Delegate: Kevin Chen (ckeviny@gmail.com); Yew Chung International School

In the past, three attacks have been done by terrorists on nuclear military bases of Pakistan,

but all the attacks have failed and nothing was stolen. All the intruders have been killed or

captured successfully, nonetheless, the Republic of Turkey believes measures need to be in

place to prevent any repeat of these cases. As well as that, the target for the terrorists were

the American planes. The Republic of Turkey believes that this is a planned attack from the

Taliban for vengeance purposes and not the thieving of nuclear weapons the United States of

America is suggesting. The Republic of Turkey therefore believes that the terrorist attacks on

Pakistan military bases would stop once the United States removes all its weapons and

property off Pakistani soil.

The Republic of Turkey believes that the attacks conducted by the terrorists may not

be done because of the nuclear technology, nor do we believe the assumption of the terrorists

wanting to use nuclear weaponry. To think about it, there is no reason why a terrorist group

would want to cause mass destruction by the means of a nuclear weapon. Most terrorist

actions are irrational but they will still not risk the end of the world. Nonetheless, it is a

problem that has to be resolved. This is why the Republic of Turkey believes that according

to article 2 of the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism,

any person or group that possesses radioactive material with the intent to cause harm will be

seen as an act of nuclear terrorism and therefore the Republic of Turkey

However, the Republic of Turkey recognizes the right of every country, unless as

declared by this Council’s Resolutions and the international laws, to use nuclear technology

in for civil purposes in peaceful means, such as electrical power production; the Republic of

Turkey stands that this right shall not be deprived of member states, unless they have

seriously and clearly breached International Peace and Security or any International Law or

any Resolution of this Council with regards to International Peace and Security.

The Republic of Turkey has seen past actions by the United Nations by setting up the

non-nuclear prohibition treaty, however, not much action was done after that was set up.

This problem was ignored for some time, until terrorists attacked the Pakistani nuclear

military air base terrorist base three times.

The Republic of Turkey recognizes the lack of military defenses in Pakistan and calls

upon the United Nations and more economically developed countries to provide assistance

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  to if requested by Pakistan by providing their country with the troops and arms required to

defend its facilities.

The Republic of Turkey calls upon all member states under provisions of Chapter VI

of the Charter of the United Nations and Resolution 1874 of this Council, to inspect, in

accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international

law, unauthorized nuclear materials and any arms with the exception of light arms thereof,

that are in the process of being transported to DPRK, or are in their possession, in the extent

of their national territory and international territory.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: Uganda

Delegate: Sammy Tsui (meitsuisammy0319@gmail.com); Heep Yunn

The delegate of Uganda recognises that nuclear terrorism is a rising crisis in the

world. Nuclear terrorism refers to terrorist attacks which utilise nuclear or radiological

weapons and sadly we see nuclear proliferation.

The delegate of Uganda would like to state clearly that, Uganda is against any forms

of nuclear terrorisms.

Nuclear weapons are explosive and dangerous to use. Resulting from the fission of

nucleus, it is powerful and the release of radioactive chemicals causes chronic and

permanent suffering to a person. Nuclear weapons do not construct, but they destruct. They

cause tremendous harm and impairment to humans’ central nervous system, rendering

humans unhealthy and decelerating humans’ reaction. With the increased number of nuclear

weapons and attacks, numerous cases of deaths and casualties are caused and the delegate of

Uganda assures that it is against the ongoing peacekeeping effort.

Moreover, the utilization of nuclear weapons wastes nuclear resources, though

abundant. Confronting with the shortage of fossil fuels, nuclear resources can be more

effectively used if they are used to develop alternative energy sources so as to alleviate

current energy crisis. As one of the alternative energy sources, nuclear power is abundant,

has a high yield of energy and cheap in long run and is ideal for energy usage, instead of for

military usage. Using nuclear weapons will only sacrifice innocent lives, obstructing the

world from seeking peace.

Besides, nuclear weapons produce water and air pollutants, which will intensify

global warming and shortage of water, stirring up vigorous conflicts and fierce competition.

The delegate of Uganda believes that nobody would like to see that as the human basic needs

are endangered and challenged.

Should the nuclear resources be used as an alternative source of energy, not only is

the world energy crisis alleviated, but also people can benefit from the use of nuclear energy

such as constructing and planning, since it is mentioned that nuclear power is renewable.

Consequently, the delegate of Uganda is in favour of the usage of nuclear power as it

generates huge amount of energy which favours the development of Uganda. We believe

firmly, that if nuclear power is used to generate energy instead of militarily used, the world

will be a much safer place to live.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: United Kingdom

Delegate: Nathaniel Norman (norman1@rchk.edu.hk); RCHK

The United Kingdom acknowledges nuclear terrorism as one of the largest threats to

international security and peace. Nuclear non-proliferation, the safeguarding of fissionable

materials and especially nuclear weapons, and the transparency of governments in regards to

their nuclear programs are of utmost importance. The vitality of nuclear disarmament and

prevention of nuclear armament of non-transparent and unstable governments cannot be

stressed enough.

Leaders of the United Kingdom’s government have taken an active role in preventing nuclear

terrorism in both the Washington Nuclear Security Summit in 2010 and the Seoul Nuclear

Security Summit in 2012.

Nuclear detection technology should not be underutilized in the efforts of the United Nations,

IAEA, and other governmental bodies in the tracking, detection, and prevention of nuclear

terrorism.

The government of the United Kingdom recognizes with gratitude the role NATO has played

in fighting terrorism internationally. This government supports the use of similar tactics by

the United Nations to combat organizations with reasonable who pose a threat of nuclear

terrorism.

The government of the United Kingdom would support requirements for the protection of

nuclear weapons, nuclear sites, and fissionable materials in order to minimize the ease and

thus the ability of terrorist organizations from attaining fissionable materials.

It is the strong desire of the United Kingdom to work with almost any nation seeking to

eliminate the threat of nuclear terrorism.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: Ukraine

Delegate: Jonathan Wong (13wongjy1@kgv.hk); KGV

Ever since the birth of nuclear armaments and their subsequent use in the bombing of

Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II, arms races came and went, and the threat of a

nuclear war became a major concern that had echoed throughout much of the latter half of

the twentieth century. Numerous efforts and negotiations have taken place in order to inhibit

further progress in the development and testing of nuclear weapons, such as the Nuclear

non-Proliferation Treaty. Whilst this has been largely successful, the threat of nuclear

armaments continue to exist in the form of the nuclear terrorism - the utilization of nuclear

weapons by terrorist groups in order to make threats within the international community

and disrupt international peace and security.

Up till 1991, the Ukrainian republic was the hub for the nuclear arsenals of the Soviet Union

and upon its dissolution; our nation became the world’s third largest nuclear weapons

operator. Despite the right to legal possession of such weaponry, our government adopted

the resolution on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons in 1991 and

the Lisbon Protocol to the Treaty of May 23, 1992. Subsequently, our government signed the

Trilateral Statement by the Presidents of Ukraine, Russia, and the United States on January

14, 1994 in which all nuclear weapons on our territory were destroyed. Thereafter, we

acceded to the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) and have not had any involvement

regarding nuclear technology as of the present.

Actions so far to control the use of nuclear weapons have included the NPT, the purpose of

which is to control the development, use, and spread of nuclear weapons between member

states. Other treaties are also in place. However as mentioned, these do not cover the

potential threat posed by non-government sanctioned groups. The Ukraine believes, that in

order to address this issue, the following, but not limited to, should be implemented:

1. If states cannot guarantee control over their weapons, or have bodies that won’t subvert to

bribery or corruption, then they should not possess nuclear weapons and either surrender

them for destruction or have them removed.

2. If states wish to continue to possess nuclear weapons, they must make their inventory

publicly available, and grant the United Nations Security Council power to oversee and

overrule their nuclear operations should it be deemed appropriate.

The Ukraine believes that these two points are rudimentary for a realistic yet nuanced

approached to resolving this current problem.

Whilst the problem regarding nuclear terrorism will doubtless never recede, as a nation that

prides itself in responsibility, Ukraine would greatly support any motions favoring the

monitoring and control of nuclear armaments, and look forward with working with member

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  states in resolving this issue.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Country: United States

Delegate: Caitlin Fischer (6602@student.gsis.edu.hk), Elliot Chen

(6358@student.gsis.edu.hk); GSIS

The issue of nuclear terrorism is one with significant implications for the global community.

With rising accessibility to the technology needed to create nuclear weapons with the

capacity to cause significant harm to large groups of people, the threat of terrorist

organizations utilizing such technology is rising accordingly. Thus, we can see that we are

increasingly being pressed to create an internationally acceptable global framework to deal

with these terrorism related issues that are accompanying our general shift towards a society

in which access to resources pertaining to these industries become more readily available.

The delegation of the United States of America hopes to be able to collaborate with the other

member states to create a globally acceptable resolution regarding this matter.

Many initiatives have been undertaken by the United States in the past to combat both

‘conventional’ terrorism, as well as the threat of nuclear terrorism. In April 2010, the

president of the United States, Barack Obama, hosted the first summit on nuclear terrorism

(the Washington Nuclear Security Summit) along with global leaders representing 50

countries. This succeeded in establishing that the general consensus among nations was that

nuclear terrorism is indeed an upcoming significant threat, as well as establishing an aim to

lock down access to vulnerable materials within four years. Ultimately, this summit

culminated in countries agreeing to undertake several commitments in order to safeguard

access to materials with the capacity to aid the creation of nuclear weaponry for use by

terrorist organizations. However, a generally accepted framework for the reduction of the use

of highly enriched uranium in civil projects was not decided upon, and hence, while several

global leaders agreed to reduce or even entirely halt the use of highly enriched uranium, the

issue of this dangerous material still being in a vulnerable position remains at large. Other

actions and schemes have also been embarked upon by the United States, including, for

example, the increased regulation and monitoring of United States Enrichment Corporation,

a Kentucky based United States firm operating to enrich uranium for civilian usage, in

particular for usage by commercial nuclear power plants. This has allowed the plant to even

reprocess bomb grade uranium from dismantled Russian nuclear warheads into uranium

suitable for use in nuclear power plants. On a more domestic scale, the United States has also

established protocol for rescue services and medical personnel detailing the procedures that

should be followed in the event of the detonation of a small-scale nuclear bomb, as well as

procedural drills involving simulated ‘dirty bombs’, with particular focus on the nature of

terrorist acts at present and its link to dirty bombs.

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  On a more global scale, the United States has been an integral part of the international effort

against nuclear terrorism. Aside from prompting much of the international discussion

regarding this issue, the United States has also been a driving force behind many of the

global committees that pertain to this issue. In particular, attention should be drawn to the

International Atomic Energy Agency, an agency that the United States both participates in as

well as contributes to financially. In 2002, the agency passed its first antinuclear terrorism

act, deciding upon an initial plan to upgrade worldwide defenses that could act as an

effective system for the reduction of the risk of nuclear terrorism. This act, at its core,

promotes physical protection of centers involving the enrichment, treatment, processing and

utilization of radioactive materials with potential destructive uses. The United States is also a

key supporter of the global organization known as the Nuclear Threat Initiative, a

nonpartisan organization that has had a great deal of success thus far in reducing the spread

of the risk of usage of nuclear weapons, as well as in biochemical weaponry. Apart from

being intrinsically linked with a related infant organization, the ‘World Institute for Nuclear

Security’, the Nuclear Threat Initiative has had success in pressing for increased security,

and has established an international nuclear fuel bank, allowing countries access to nuclear

materials for the peaceful use of nuclear energy without the creation of proliferation threats.

Aside from this, the United States has also lent its support to many UN sanctioned appeals

for the protection of nations against the threat of nuclear terrorism, including having signed

the Treaty on the Non－Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, as well as having been an active

participant in United Nations discussions and committees regarding the internationally

recognized threat.

In the present situation, the United States sees a number of threats from nations and groups

with the intent to exploit possessed highly enriched uranium to cause potential harm.

Although enriched uranium is said to contain only 2－3% uranium㬀235, highly enriched

uranium contains anywhere above 20 uranium㬀235. Aside from posing a far greater

nuclear hazard when utilized in civilian situations, highly enriched uranium also passes into

the threshold of being considered as weapon usable uranium. Highly enriched uranium is

also not necessitated in situations intended only for civilian use: regular enriched uranium

suffices in these situations. Thus, it is evident that the continued usage of such highly

enriched uranium, aside from not being a necessity, also has the potential to cause

significant harms to humanity. Countries such as Iran, Israel and Pakistan, who are known

to possess highly enriched uranium and the capacity to continue to produce more, thus have

the potential to endanger the global community by opening up possibilities for nuclear

terrorism on a more dangerous scale than using regular enriched uranium would facilitate.

To illustrate this point further, a more recently discussed example can be visited. Under the

Committee: Security Council Topic: Nuclear Terrorism  Qaddafi regime in Libya, large quantities of uranium was enriched in the process of

researching the development of weapons of mass destruction, though the regime agreed to

dismantle research following mounting international economic pressure and sanctions. The

process of dismantlement was cut short by the civil war, leaving stores of possibly

unprotected uranium yellowcake in the south of the country, a danger to the global

community, due to unprotected nuclear material in a politically unstable country. The lack of

transparency surrounding nuclear activities for alleged civilian usage is also an issue that

should be considered: without this clarity, much discussion of methods of prevention of

nuclear terrorism tends to be halted due to the potential misunderstandings that could be

being developed in these clouded situations. This has proven to be the case in both Iran and

in North Korea, where the apparent secrecy obscuring their projects has in the past and

continues to hinder productive discussions regarding these nations’ nuclear technologies.

The delegation of the United States fully believes that through cooperation, an effective

global framework for defense against nuclear terrorism can be established. The key factor in

this would be the unification of the current efforts to combat nuclear terrorism, particularly

as the status quo means that both funding and international support is presently spread out

in such a manner that ultimately hinders the effectiveness of these organizations. This would

also be beneficial to the establishment of a global system with which to monitor large-scale

activity involving radioactive materials spanning the globe, with particular focus on those

using fissionable materials. Greater transparency with regards to such activities is also

something that this delegation calls for, as this would ensure that no member states are

actively breaching any terms set forth in international regulatory acts, as well as promoting a

reduction in the potential for governments to be accused of such acts. In addition, as the

private sector begins to play a comparatively small yet increasingly important role in the

production and such materials, the United States advocates specific parameters to be

determined with regards to how participants in this industry should be able to act. Lastly,

this delegations calls for the strengthening of current treaties and resolutions calling for

cohesive global actions against nuclear terrorism, and urges for countries that have yet to

join such acts to do so with due agility. In summation, it is evident that nuclear terrorism is

an ever-looming threat, and, due to the global implications of the issue, a collusive global

effort is the only way to effectively minimize the risks posed to nations. The delegation of the

United States sincerely hopes to discuss the problems mentioned above, and looks forward

to being able to contribute to an effective resolution on the topic.