URPL-GP 2631 Transportation, Land Use, and Urban Form

Fall 2018

Instructor Information Chris Bastian

o Email: cb186@nyu.edu o Office Address:o Office Hours: by appointment.

William Wheelero Email: ww432@nyu.edu o Office Address:o Office Hours: by appointment.

Course Information Class Meeting Times: Thursdays, 9/4 – 12/14, 6:45 pm – 8:25 pm Class Location: Silver Center for Arts & Science, 100 Washington Sq East, Room 508

Course Prerequisites None

Course DescriptionThis course offers a practitioner focus to provide students, as future planners, with a greater understanding of how land use and transportation interact and affect today’s pans and projects. The instructors, both professionals with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, use a wide range of academic research, combined with recent trends and innovations and widely - recognized plans and projects in the New York Region and elsewhere. The course is divided into 4 parts:

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A foundational review of theories and research about the complex relationships among transportation, land use and urban form.

An examination of certain key factors that today’s transportation planners deal with as transportation and land use interact in the context of planning and projects.

A review of some of the most notable transportation and land use plans, projects and problems facing the New York City metropolitan region.

An examination of recent national and international trends.

Course and Learning ObjectivesBy the end of the course students will:

1. Develop the skill to think critically about transportation and land use.Transportation plans and land use plans are aspirational. To actually realize a plan, students as future planners, must critically judge their efforts and also develop persuasive arguments to support them. For example: why and how does a transportation asset such as a rail line, so heavily influence the use and value of land?

2. Build clear, well - thought - out analyses.Land Use and transportation often collide. The factors are complex. Students should be able to exhibit how a City, suburban community or neighborhood fights or supports its transportation network using measures such as of population, land value and economic activity.

3. Communicate clearly in writing and conversation.It is absolutely essential to a planner’s professional success to communicate effectively. Well-written reading reactions and essays; and articulate discussion in class is essential.

Learning Assessment Table

Graded Assignment Course Objective CoveredClass Participation #3Reading Responses #2, #3Critical Essay #1, #3Analytical Memo All

Required ReadingsEach class has several required readings, such as essays on the key topic being discussed, or news and technical analyses of actual planning issues related to the class topic. All readings are accessible on the Resource page for each class session. Each class comes with a reading question for which a written response is to be submitted before the class session.

For students seeking a “textbook” for the course we recommend The Geography of Urban Transportation, Third Edition edited by Hanson and Giuliano . We also recommend Peter Derrick’s Tunneling to the Future, about the early development of the New York subway system.

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Recently acclaimed as one of the “must reads...by New York authors”, it provides students with powerful examples of transportation’s indelible influence on urban land use.

NYU ClassesAll announcements, and resources will be delivered through the NYU Classes site.

Academic IntegrityAcademic integrity is a vital component of Wagner and NYU. All students enrolled in this class are required to read and abide by Wagner’s Academic Code. All Wagner students have already read and signed the Wagner Academic Oath. Plagiarism of any form will not be tolerated and students in this class are expected to report violations to me. If any student in this class is unsure about what is expected of you and how to abide by the academic code, you should consult with me.

Henry and Lucy Moses Center for Students with Disabilities at NYUAcademic accommodations are available for students with disabilities. Please visit the Moses Center for Students with Disabilities (CSD) website and click on the Reasonable Accommodations and How to Register tab or call or email CSD at (212-998-4980 or mosescsd@nyu.edu) for information. Students who are requesting academic accommodations are strongly advised to reach out to the Moses Center as early as possible in the semester for assistance.

NYU’s Calendar Policy on Religious HolidaysNYU’s Calendar Policy on Religious Holidays states that members of any religious group may, without penalty, absent themselves from classes when required in compliance with their religious obligations. Please notify me in advance of religious holidays that might coincide with exams to schedule mutually acceptable alternatives.

Student ResourcesWagner tutors are available to help students with their writing skills. Please see details on https://wagner.nyu.edu/portal/students/academics/advisement/writing-center. The web also has some good resources to help you write better. After you finish writing your paper but before you submit it, you can obtain automated readability statistics here: https://igm.rit.edu/~jxs/services/TestReadability.html and some additional feedback at The Writers Diet: http://writersdiet.com/test.php. Use these services to improve your prose.

Assignments and Evaluation

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Grades will be based on class participation (10%), reading responses (10% each), aCritical Essay (40%) and an Analytical Memo (40%).

Class Participation (10%):Each class will consist of discussion framed by a short introductory lecture. Part of your grade is based on attending class and participating in the discussion. Attendance and participation in class discussions is essential. Everyone should feel comfortable contributing their thoughts and questions to the discussion.

Classes also include a “thought exercise” which team’s groups of students to debate an issue or argument raised in the instructor’s class presentation.

Reading Responses (10%):Each week, you will be required to respond to an assigned question related to the class reading assignments. The response should range from one half to one page (single sided) in length. All of the readings for each class can be found in the RESOURCES section of the Class website

Critical Essay (40%):A great deal of research and debate has taken place on the relationships between transportation, land use and urban form. Concepts such as accessibility, sprawl, historic patterns of land use and transport development in metropolitan areas in the US and abroad, employment – housing balance, transit – oriented development. This assignment requires you to jump into the debate on a topic of your choosing.

Select a thinker who has written across articles and books, or a specific book. Create an argument as to why one side of the debate on your topic is flawed or right on. You are welcome to draw on the readings of the course but not exclusively; you must explore other literature as well.

If you choose a particular thinker, your first step is to distill his /her primary arguments across multiple publications, (more than those covered in this course). If you choose a book to review, you can select from the reading list in the RESOURCES folder on the class website, or propose a different title. The challenge is to not simply summarize the book but to assess the validity of the book’s arguments. One clue is to pay attention to the way the course’s readings are written and how they frame their arguments.

Length: At least eight double-spaced pp.

Due Dates A one-page proposal for your paper (the thinker or book; the topic you’ve chosen and

why; what you think your argument will be) should be submitted to your ASSIGNMENTS folder by Thursday, September 27th.

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If the proposal is acceptable, you will receive approval on Sunday, September 30th. Otherwise, you will be asked to revise the proposal and submit an updated version to your ASSIGNMENTS folder by Tuesday October 2nd.

The final paper should be submitted to your ASSIGNMENTS folder by 5:00 PM on Thursday, October 18th.

Analytical Memo (40%):Pick a geographic location with an identifiable conflict between transportation land use. Define the conflict, and propose a long-term and short-term solution to address the conflict. Provide citations from class readings or other resources to support your proposals.

Things to consider: Place - what is the scale? Is it a city or town or neighborhood or region? What

information resources are available for your research? Documentation - clearly define the place's land use and transportation characteristics.

Use media stories, analytical reports, scholarly articles or other documentation. Analysis – explain what the conflicts between the location’s land use, transportation

needs, and resources. Apply key points from one or more of the class readings such as: "does the place's transportation drive its land use or vice versa ? Use points in the readings to defend your analysis (eg. " the absence of higher density housing or commercial land uses drives high auto use in that place”).

Recommendations – Based on your analysis of the transportation/land use conflicts, how could the location be improved? What short-term improvements could be made to address conditions more quickly? Use arguments made in the class readings and discussion to support your proposals.

Due Dates: A one-page proposal for your paper (proposed subject, expected approach and findings

and relevance) should be submitted to your ASSIGNMENTS folder by Thursday, November 29th

If the proposal is acceptable, you will receive approval on Sunday, December 2nd. Otherwise, you will be asked to revise the proposal and submit an updated version by Tuesday, December 4th.

The final paper should be submitted to your ASSIGNMENTS folder by 5:00 PM on Friday, December 21st.

Letter GradesLetter grades for the entire course will be assigned as follows:

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Letter Grade Points

A 4.0 points

A- 3.7 points

B+ 3.3 points

B 3.0 points

B- 2.7 points

C+ 2.3 points

C 2.0 points

C- 1.7 points

F 0.0 points

Student grades will be assigned according to the following criteria:

(A) Excellent: Exceptional work for a graduate student. Work at this level is unusually thorough, well-reasoned, creative, methodologically sophisticated, and well written. Work is of exceptional, professional quality.

(A-) Very good: Very strong work for a graduate student. Work at this level shows signs of creativity, is thorough and well-reasoned, indicates strong understanding of appropriate methodological or analytical approaches, and meets professional standards.

(B+) Good: Sound work for a graduate student; well-reasoned and thorough, methodologically sound. This is the graduate student grade that indicates the student has fully accomplished the basic objectives of the course.

(B) Adequate: Competent work for a graduate student even though some weaknesses are evident. Demonstrates competency in the key course objectives but shows some indication that understanding of some important issues is less than complete. Methodological or analytical approaches used are adequate but student has not been thorough or has shown other weaknesses or limitations.

(B-) Borderline: Weak work for a graduate student; meets the minimal expectations for a graduate student in the course. Understanding of salient issues is somewhat incomplete.

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Methodological or analytical work performed in the course is minimally adequate. Overall performance, if consistent in graduate courses, would not suffice to sustain graduate status in “good standing.”

(C/-/+) Deficient: Inadequate work for a graduate student; does not meet the minimal expectations for a graduate student in the course. Work is inadequately developed or flawed by numerous errors and misunderstanding of important issues. Methodological or analytical work performed is weak and fails to demonstrate knowledge or technical competence expected of graduate students.

(F) Fail: Work fails to meet even minimal expectations for course credit for a graduate student. Performance has been consistently weak in methodology and understanding, with serious limits in many areas. Weaknesses or limits are pervasive.

Overview of the Semester(WW) Class led by Bill Wheeler(CB) Class led by Chris Bastian

Week 1o Date: 09/06/18o Topic: Introduction: Transportation and Urban Form (WW)

Week 2o Date: 09/13/18o Topic: Transportation Demand and Urban Form (WW)

Week 3o Date: 09/20/18o Topic: Transportation and Urban Sprawl (CB)

Week 4o Date: 09/27/18o Topic: Home Rule and Eminent Domain (WW)o Deliverable: Critical Essay proposal due

Week 5o Date: 10/04/18o Topic: Transportation and Environmental Sustainability (CB)

Week 6o Date: 10/11/18o Topic: The Environmental Impact Statement (CB)

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Week 7o Date: 10/18/18o Topic: Transport and the value of land (WW)o Deliverable: Critical Essay due

Week 8o Date: 10/25/18o Topic: Equity in the Context of Transportation and Urban Form (WW)

Week 9o Date: 11/01/18o Topic: Congestion Pricing and the Value of Transportation (CB)

Week 10o Date: 11/08/18o Topic: Airport Land Use and Access (CB)

Week 11o Date: 11/15/18o Topic: Regional Planning (CB)

Week 12o Date: 11/29/18o Topic: Case Study: Long Island – Plans for a “first suburb” (WW)o Guest Speaker: Former Long Island Congressman Steve Israelo Deliverable: Analytical Memo proposal due

Week 13o Date: 12/06/18o Topic: National Trends (CB)o Guest Speaker: Consultant Bruce Schaller

Week 14o Date: 12/13/18o Topic: International Trends and Wrap Up (WW)

Week 15 – NO CLASSo Date: 12/21/18o Deliverable: Analytical Memo due

Detailed Course Overview

Class 1 - Introduction: Transportation and Urban Form Urban form has been called “the spatial imprint of an urban transportation system”. We introduce the course using readings by well-known transport and land use researchers to provide the context for urban travel focusing on land use fundamentals such as density and access.

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Readings The Context of Urban Travel by Susan Hanson, The Geography of Urban

Transportation, Third Edition (2004), pp 3-29 Remedies that Increase Densities by Anthony Downs Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-

Hour Traffic Congestion (2004), pp 220-227 Access by Kevin Lynch A Theory of Good Urban Form (1981), pp 187-204 Impact of the Dual System by Peter Derrick Tunneling to the Future (2001), pp 240-268 Waiting for the MTA (editorial) by Staten Island Advance (August 26, 2014)

Class 2 - Transportation Demand and Urban Form

The second class dives into one of the most striking dimensions of the transport/land use interaction, the “demand “for mobility. How does travel demand shape development and urban form? Or is it urban form that drives the demand for mobility? Today’s planners must judge the impacts and benefits of competing transport and land use proposals understanding the intricacies of demand and urban form. The readings and discussion questions present lessons learned including the seminal research by Jeffrey Zupan, a pioneer in the field of transportation planning whose principles continue to be used by planners and government agencies to this day. The development of the City of Los Angeles provides fascinating lessons learned that continue to generate vibrant class discussion each year.

Readings Transportation and Land Use by Don Pickrell Essays in Transportation Economics and

Policy (1999), pp 403-435 The Influence of Urban Form on Travel: An Interpretive Review by Radall Crane Journal

of Planning Literature (2011), pp 1-11 New Directions for Understanding Transportation and Land Use by Genevieve Giuliano

Research and Policy Review 2 (1988), pp 145-159 Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine

The Model – T, the Hard Sell, and Los Angeles’s Urban Growth: The Decentralization Los Angeles during the 1920s by Mark Foster Pacific Review, 144-4 (1974), pp 459-484

Demand for Transit: The Role of the Density of Development by Boris Pushkarev and Jeffrey Zupan Public Transportation and Land Use Policy (1977), pp 24-29

A Bold, Divisive Plan to Wean Californians From Cars by The New York Times (March, 16, 2018)

Class 3 - Transportation and Urban SprawlThis class defines the concept of “sprawl” and discusses whether it is “good” or “bad” for modern suburbs and urban regions, and debates “how do planners balance the benefits and the problems” and “what land use and transportation strategies can address the needs or urban regions where sprawl is a problem”?

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Readings Measuring Sprawl 2014 By Reid Ewing Smart Growth America (April 2014) Ten Things Wrong With Sprawl By James M. McElfish, Jr. Environmental Law Institute

(January 2007) Point: Sprawl and accessibility By Robert Bruegmann Journal of Transport and Land

Use 1:1 (Summer 2008) pp. 5–11 Caught in Traffic: Countering Sprawl with Transit-Oriented Development By Dena Belzer

and Gerald Autler Issues in Science and Technology (Fall 2002)

Class 4 -Home Rule and Eminent DomainHome Rule and eminent domain are powerful forces in the interaction of transportation and land use. Why has home rule migrated from the principle that “local government is in the best position to set land use and transportation policy” to the extreme of recent years “not in my backyard”? When is eminent domain on the right side and wrong side of a transportation project? Readings for this class provide a brief historic refresher on basic principles augmented by specific details and class discussion of how home rule and eminent domain are affecting high profile plans and projects in the New York region today.

Readings Inherent Tensions Between Home Rule and Regional Planning by Frank S Alexander

Wake Forest Law Review, Vol 35, No 3 (2000), pp 539-561 Post-Sandy Recovery: Balancing Regional Planning and Home Rule by Scott Gurian NJ

SPOTLIGHT (July 23, 2013) “WESTCHESTER 2000: WHAT PRICE SOVEREIGNTY?” By James Feron New York

Times (September 29, 1985) The Main Line Third Track Project Long Island Today (Nov. 2013) pp 1-5 Eminent Domain By Aaron Larson Expert Law (July 2004), pp 1-6 “The Volokh Conspiracy The Story behind Kelo vs City of New London” By Ilya Somin

Washington Post (May 29, 2015) Fulton Street Transit Center Draft Environmental Impact Statement Chapter 1: Purpose

and Need, Chapter 10: Displacement and Relocation New York City Transit (May 2004), pp: 1-1 to 1-15 and 10-1 to 10-14

“MTA Uses Eminent Domain at Fulton St.” By Jeremy Smerd New York Sun (July 21, 2007), page 1

“Some sort of building will rise at Fulton, MTA says” By Julie Shapiro Downtown Express, (March 7, 2008), page 1

Class 5 – Transportation and Environmental Sustainability

The impacts of Superstorm “Sandy” on NYC, and its subway system, highlights the growing challenge climate change presents to land use and transportation planners. The class discussion will address the questions of: How are the region’s transportation and land use

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resources likely to be affected by future environmental conditions; are some land areas (for example, the Rockaways) “unsustainable”, and if so, what transportation and land use policies should be applied to them; and how can planners balance meeting a region’s transportation needs while also being realistic about its environmental future?

Reading The Role of Public Transit in Sustainable Communities by Randall Rutsch The Rocky

Mountain Land Use Institute (January 2008)

Sandy and Its Impacts, Climate Analysis, Coastal Protection, Housing, Transportation PlaNYC: A Stronger, More Resilient New York By NYC Office of Sustainability (2014), pp 10-90, 174-187

Transportation plan NYC: A Greener, Greater New York By NYC Office of Sustainability (2007), pp 72-97

Class 6 – The Environmental Impact StatementsA necessary tool for any transportation or land use project is an environmental analysis of a project, and its impacts on the surrounding area. The class will discuss the historical background that led to today’s environmental analysis requirements; the different analytical approaches that can be applied; and the impact such analyses can have on getting projects implemented in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Readings A Citizen’s Guide to the NEPA Council on Environmental Quality (December, 2007) Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (Executive Summary)

By Metropolitan Transportation Authority (2004) Getting Infrastructure Going: Expediting the Environmental Review Process By Regional

Plan Association (June 2012)

Class 7 - Transport and the Value of LandMore than ever, today’s projects and plans in the New York region reflect the impact of transportation and mobility on the value of land. With each major transportation investment, comes research from the planning and real estate communities illustrating the linkage between property values and connectivity. This class uses recent well-known transportation projects and plans that evidence this linkage including the nation’s largest value capture success, “Hudson Yards”.

Readings Walk –and- Ride: How MidTOWN DIRECT has affected residential property values

within walking distance of train stations By Juliette Dellecker Michaelson Thesis, Columbia University (May 2004), pp 1-35

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Rail Rewards How LIRR’s Grand Central Connection Will Boost Home Values Regional Plan Association (January 2013)

The Effects of Rail Transportation on the Manhattan Office Market CBRE Global Research and Consulting (Fall, 2013)

Rezoning, No. 7 Subway Extension, MTA Rail Yards Hudson Yards Development Corporation (2014), pp 1-5

Fast Track to Skyrocketing Real Estate process: The New Public Transit Effect By Joanne Cleaver Real Estate News and Insights (July 5, 2017), pp 1-4

RENT SPIKES NEAR STOPS By Ivan Pereira AM New York (April 18, 2017)

Class 8 - Equity in the Context of Transportation and Urban FormNot since the “Great Society programs” of the of the Lyndon Johnson era has there been more focus on fairness in urban America. Today’s New York is no exception when it comes to the interaction of land use and transportation. This class offers a brief review of the roots of the equity issues in Urban America; and moves quickly to the application of equity in today’s transport and land use planning. Recent issues for discussion include the explosion of the transportation network companies (Uber and Lyft), the social transit fare, and the consequences of “spatial mismatch” where transportation and land use planning conflict in today’s cities.

Readings The Compact City: Just or Just Compact? A Preliminary Analysis by Elizabeth Burton Urban Studies Vol 37, No 11 (2000), pp 1969-2001 Engendering Effective Planning: Spatial Mismatch, Low Income Women, and

Transportation Policy by Evelyn Blumenberg Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol 70, No 3 (2004), pp 269-281

Access to Public Transit and Its Influence on Ridership for Older Adults in Two US Cities by Daniel Baldwin Hess Journal of Transportation and Land Use, Vol 2 No 1 (2009). pp 3-27

“The Rent’s Too Damn High! But MetroCard is a Pretty Good Deal. Housing Affordability Vs Location Affordability” Citizen’s Budget Commission, Report 8 (august 14, 2016). pp 1-5

Gentrification and its Discontents, The New Urban Crisis by Richard Florida (2017), pp 57-78

Gentrification Excerpt from State of New York City’s Housing and Neighborhoods NYU Furman Center (2016), pp 4-24

Gentrification (and Transit Oriented Development) Washington Post (November 28,2016), pp 1-4

High Line Regret, Developer admits burden on residents New York Post (February 14, 2017), Page 1

Video Gentrification Express: Breaking Down the BQX: Gentrification Express (August 2,

2017): https://youtu.be/e8XmFjZOSSo

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Class 9 - Congestion Pricing and the Value of TransportationOne current approach, under consideration in NYC, and in use in other world cities, is managing the demand aspect for transportation resources through access pricing mechanisms. This class reviews how public and private transportation is currently priced; and discusses what alternative pricing tools can be applied and how to reconcile the benefits of transportation pricing with issues such as user equity; and reviews how land use decisions can impact the success of potential pricing strategies.

Readings Principles of Efficient Congestion Pricing William Vickery Columbia University (1992) Five Cities With Congestion Pricing/Four Cities That Need Congestion Pricing This Big

City (August, 2011) Congestion Pricing: Congestion Pricing Has Promise for Improving Use of Infrastructure

Jayetta Z. Hecker Government Accounting Office (May 6, 2003) When the Road Price Is Right: Land Use, Tolls, and Congestion Pricing By Urban Land

Institute (2013) New York City’s Congestion Pricing Experience and Implications for Road Pricing

Acceptance in the United States by Bruce Schaller Transport Policy (August 2010) pp 266-273

Class 10 – Airport Land Use and AccessAir transportation has become a growing element in linking urban regions, but airports and related facilities require unique land use and transportation resources to be functional. This class evaluates the likely conflicts between airports and adjacent land uses; discusses how to locate airports in the context of an urban community; evaluates potential transportation options to access airport hubs; and analyzes whether they are worth the capital investment in comparison to other regional needs.

Readings Attributes of Successful Ground Access Systems, ACRP: Ground Access to Major

Airports by Public Transportation (2008) New York, The Politics of Urban Regional Development by Micahael N. Danielson and

Jameson W. Doig The Regents of the University of California (1982) pp 123-130 Upgrading to World Class: The Future of the New York Region’s Airports by Jeff Zupan,

Richard Barone and Matthew Lee Regional Plan Association (January 2011), pp 79-84, 116-127, 129-145

The Way Forward by John Kasarda Global Airport Cities Airports Council International (2010), pp 15-36

Uber, Lyft, Wingz ridership at Seattle airport spikes 200% By Taylor Soper GeekWire (October 31, 2017)

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Class 11 - Regional Planning

A challenge to planners in an urban region is the multiple jurisdictions and decision-making entities which are intended to address local issues and needs but may not resolve regional problems and challenges. This class discusses the potential benefits of regional planning approaches, whether by government entities or community organizations; reviews current approaches to regional planning and their abilities and drawbacks; and investigates how an urban region as a whole can be developed to facilitate urban growth, economic development and mobility.

Readings Where We Are, Where We Are Headed by Robert Yaro and Tony Hiss Regional Plan

Association, “A Region at Risk” (1996), pp 19-43 Fragile Success: Taking Stock of the New York Metropolitan Region Regional Plan

Association (2014) A History of Metro Carl Abbott, Portland State University (1991)

Class 12 – Long Island: Plans for a “First Suburb”With the exception of Orange County, California, no American suburb is more populated and challenged by transportation and land use polices than suburban Long Island. Identified by Brookings as a “First American Suburb” with emerging complex urban problems, Nassau County and its neighbor Suffolk County are reflective of the “wild west” of transportation planning from the Robert Moses era and the white picket fence phenomenon of suburban land use planning the 1950s. The readings and class discussion take students through Long Island’s public policy dilemmas and the emerging plans of recent county executives that are both reformative and forward-thinking. Lessons learned abound for students as future planners.

Readings A Strategic Development Plan for the Long Island Region Excerpt: “Where We’ve Been -

The Long Island Story “Long Island Regional Economic Development Council (November 2011), pp 10-11

Long Island 2035 Visioning Initiative Final Report Long Island Regional Planning Council (December 2009), pp 4-8

Draft Long Island Sustainability Plan: Goals and Objectives Long Island Regional Planning Council (June 2007), pp 1-9

Mapping Long Island’s Rentals Long Island Index (2016), pp 1-7 How the Long Island Railroad Could Shape the Next Economy Long Island Index (2013),

pp 1-31 CONNECT LONG ISLAND: A Regional Transportation and Development Plan by Steve

Bellone, Suffolk County Executive (October, 2011), pp 1-19 Nassau County 2009 Master Plan by Thomas R Suozzi, Nassau County Executive

Public Workshop presentation (March 16, 2009), pp 1-47

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“New leaders could bring change for housing on Long Island” Editorial Board Newsday (November 9, 2017)

Class 13 - National TrendsThe final two classes will investigate contemporary trends which create new challenges for transportation and land use planners. In this review of national trends, this class examines the changing demographics of the urban region’s residents, the challenges presented by new transportation technologies such as Transportation Networking Companies and Autonomous vehicles, and the potential of new land use strategies such as micro-housing and shared office space complexes.

Readings Millennials in Motion Public Interest Research Group (October 2014) Aging in Place, Stuck without Options Transportation for America (2011) Intuit 2020 Report Intuit (October 2010), pp 1-12 Welcome to Uberville, Spencer Woodman, The Verge (September 2016) Taming the Autonomous Vehicle: A Primer for Cities Bloomberg Philanthropies (2017),

pp 1-10, 12-29 Driverless cars: Who's doing what, and how it impacts urban transportation Patrick

Sisson Curbed (July 7, 2017)

Class 14 - International Trends and Wrap UpWhy can’t the United States be more like Europe and Asia when it comes to transportation and land use planning? What are the innovations “across the pond”? Can the US hope to emulate the thoughtful integration of land use and transportation planning that has existed internationally? This class uses the planning and public policy lessons from previous classes to offer a perspective toward possible reforms in the US, learning from European and Asian plans and policies.

Readings Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: an international overview of key physical

and economic dimensions with some implications for urban policy Jeffrey Kenworthy and Felix Laube Institute for Science and Technology Policy (1999), pp 691-723

China Motorization Trends Wei-Shiuen Ng, Lee Schipper and Yang Chen, The Journal of Transport and Land Use (Winter 2010), pp 5-25

Making Transit Work: Insight from Western Europe, Canada and the United States Transportation Research Board, Special Report 257, pp 17-113

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