OEDT130528AJR.pdf

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I S S N 1 9 7 7 -7 8 4 1

New drugs in Europe, 2012

EMCDDA–Europol 2012 Annual Report on the implementation o

Council Decision 2005/387/JHA

2012

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I A 10 Cu Ds

2005/387/JHA m xg, sk

ssssm syv subss


EMCDDA–Eu 2012 Au R mm

Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


Cgug b u s ub.

Luxmbug: Pubs O Eu U, 2013

ISBN 978-92-9168-650-6

:10.2810/99367

© Eu Mg C Dugs Dug A, 2013

Cs Sé, 1249-289 Lsb, Pug

Tel. +351 211210200 • [email protected] • www.emcdda.europa.eu

© Eu, 2013

Es 73, 2517 KK, T Hgu, Ns

. +31 703025000; Fx +31 703455896

Pubs: .u.u.u/s-ubs

A gs sv. N s ub v by yg my b u us y m by

y ms — g, , m, ug yg, g, g, m sg

v sysms — u mss Eu EMCDDA.

Printed in Spain

Printed on white chlorine-ree paper

Ts ub Eu Mg C Dugs Dug A (EMCDDA) s by yg.

T EMCDDA s ssby by y squs sg m us sum. T s s ub ssy s EMCDDA’s s,

EU Mmb Ss y su gy Eu U Eu Cmmus.

A g m Eu U s vb I. I b ss ug

Eu sv (://u.u).

Eu D s sv yu ss yu quss bu Eu U.

F umb (*):

00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11

(*) C mb s ss 00 800 umbs s s my b b.

Legal notice

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3

Contents

Overview 5

1. Introduction and background 7

2. Implementation arrangements and cooperation with the

EU Pharmacovigilance system 9

2.1. S mm gms 9

2.2. C EMA Pmvg sysm 12

3. Formal activities 13

3.1. N syv subss 2012 13

3.2. J s sk ssssm 17

3.3. Pub s 20

4. Epidemiolog y and new approaches 24

4.1. Ovv v syv subss 24

4.2. s suy: y Eu 25

4.3. Sg mgy 26

4.4. Cmu- mg s 26

5. Production and distribution o new psychoactive substances 27

5.1. Eu 27

6. Conclusions 28

Annexes 30

Appendix 39

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5

vms s s v

sks s by s subss. T EMCDDA

my vm vs 2012

su s s , ms b

sb by s .

Headline activities in 2012

• 73 syv subss y

s m ug EU Ey g sysm

(EWS) 2012, u m 49 2011, 41 2010 24

2009.

• A J s u sk ssssm

u 4-mymm (4-MA) 21

s by u Mmb Ss. T

subs b subj msus

ugu EU.

• A J s u 5-(2-my)

(5-I) 21 s by Mmb

Ss v s m. T subs b

sk-ssss by S Cmm

EMCDDA A 2013.

• 693 I ss by EMCDDA

sg ‘g gs’ sums EU 2012. Ts

ms 314 ss Juy 2011

170 Juy 2010.

As gg s j EMCDDA Eu

sg yss ug mk EU (4), 73

syv subss y s

m 2012 ug EU Ey g sysm (EWS),

m xg msm s s u by

Cu Ds. Ts s gs umb

subss v sg y, sby u

m 49 subss 2011, 41 2010

Ts ss vs mm by

EMCDDA Eu 2012 su Cu

Ds 2005/387/JHA m xg, sk

ssssm syv subss

( s Cu Ds) (1).

Ts y s uy busy s vv

g, mg sg syv

subss ss Eu U (EU) (2). T

u g umb, y vby

ugs v s ys s s s

m k gb sg. T ss

g s mk u sg mxy

vy ugs mk s gs bk

gbs g vm. T

- vs

ugs us by mk s

gs g sus syv subss. I, m vm s b gg

b ‘g gs’ mks,

by sm subss gy su

s y mk u us

s s ‘g gs’. I s sbs gs

m s vv sm s vs us

x us s by mk

ugs.

N syv subss, uy s-

‘g gs’, u b g y y EU

my Mmb Ss. Ts s v by

sss v ug ss sg,

gsv msus, us

syv subss g u suvys. As

u mmu ‘s sg

Eu ss ugs’ (3), Eu Cmmss

s uy g s EU gs

syv subss kg u

Overview

(1) Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA 10 My 2005 m xg, sk-ssssm syv subss,

OJ L 127, 20.5.2005, . 32.(2) Ts uss ms ‘ syv subss’ ‘ ugs’ gby.

(3) Eu Cmmss (2011), Communication rom the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, owards a stronger

European response to drugs, Busss, 25.10.11, COM(2011) 689/2.

(4) EMCDDA Eu (2013), EU drug markets report: a strategic analysis, Pubs O Eu U, Luxmbug.

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6

EMCDDA–Europol 2012 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA

s mb

subss, u mm. T s

sb 4-MA u v sus vs s,

su s ym, ys, x, us,, sm, xy. Fu

Eu us v szus ug

b s s mm quy

mx . 4-MA s sbs m vu

k gm us, s m m us

s s s y s.

T J 5-I (8) s u

subs s s by EMCDDA Eu

b usg sg sv EU Mmb

Ss. I s s Ny A 2012,

subsquy by us sv us. I sss 21 s Mmb Ss

(Hugy, S, U Kgm). As su

, Cu Eu U qus

EMCDDA u m sk ssssm

subs, s A 2013.

24 2009. T s subss 2012 s

m by 30 sy bs (5) 19

mus ss s ‘s’ m

m gs uy us by EMCDDA. g,s gus s bu -s

umb subss 2012 (Ax 1

Ax 2). Ov, umb subss

s ys us m

umb subss u ms

Cu Ds s My 2005.

I 2012, EMCDDA Eu u J

s syv subss 4-MA

5-I, A 5 Cu Ds.

T gs summs s .

T J 4-MA (6) m sk ssssm

s u Nvmb by x S

Cmm EMCDDA. T sk ssssm

21 s u Mmb Ss (Bgum,

Dmk, Ns, U Kgm),

4-MA s s-mm sms (7). Ts

(5) A m s m s mus s ‘sy b gss’, v, m ‘sy bs’ s b

y s us ugu .

(6) EMCDDA Eu (2012), EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance, 4-methylamphetamine , EMCDDA, Lsb.

Avb : ://.m.u.u/ms.m/_191982_EN_DAS12001ENN.PDF(7) Cu Eu U (2012), Risk assessment report on the new psychoactive substance 4-methylamphetamine, 17275/12

CORDROGUE 98 SAN 320. Avb : ://gs.sum.u.u///12/s17/s17275.12.

(8) EMCDDA Eu (2012), EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance, 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole, EMCDDA, Lsb.

Avb : ://.m.u.u/ubs/j-s/5-I

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7

su sy mm

Cu Ds, A 10 sus : ‘T EMCDDA

Eu s uy Eu

Pm, Cu Cmmss

mm s Ds. T k

u ss qu ssssm y vms sysm by s

Ds. T s, u, u x

g b sysm s u s

Ds Pmvg sysm’.

I m A 10, EMCDDA Eu

s g su Au R

mm Cu Ds, vg

Juy Dmb 2012. T us sus

mm, sbs ky ssus sg m

umu xs, s svs s mg

. I g , s u x Cu Ds

(Ax).

T s s s um

xs k mmum (11). Ax 1 vs s

syv subss 2012. Ts

us sysm m m, g

uy, subs.

Cmsv m subss

sb s vb m EMCDDA

Eu. Ax 2 vs s s subss

2012 gs s ‘s’. Ax 3 vs

g kg s us by EMCDDA

ssy sb ugs. T su

s s u v ug 2012

gs m. Fy, Ax 4

vs vv m gus

syv subss m by EWS

mu ss.

As ss syv subss

EU, Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA 10

My 2005 m xg, sk ssssm

syv subss sbs

msm xg m

subss my s ub s s,ug vvm gs m (Bx 1). Ts

vs g bss EU sus Mmb

Ss m sy

subss Eu ug s (9).

W ssy, Cu Ds s vs

ssssm sks ss s

subss, s msus vg m

Mmb Ss’ bgs U Ns

ug vs (10) s b

syv subss.

T EMCDDA Eu, s b sv x ks, Rx s

Eu N Us, ssg

g, yg mg syv

subss (A 4 Cu Ds). Fum,

ssy, Eu

Ms Agy (EMA), gss my

, ys s m

syv subs m J (A

5). T J vs v Cu

Eu U Eu Cmmss

qus sk ssssm syv

subs. Su sk ssssm xms

s sks s by: us , muu , ,

, syv subs; vvm

gs m; , ssb squs

msus. I u sk ssssm,

EMCDDA vs s mg u uss

s S Cmm, x

xs s ssy (A 6).

1. Introduction and background

(9)1 S s Ax 3.

(10) T 1961 U Ns Sg Cv N Dugs 1971 U Ns Cv Psy Subss.

(11) W ssb, vs us vy suss gug, v, s s sy uvb gv

u m.

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8


New drugs in Europe at a glance

T EMCDDA Eu v y

, mg ssssm ugs Eu

s 1997. Dug s m, ug m s

vv bm ms m my

vms ugs , s ys sg

u g umb, y vby.

• T EU Ey g sysm (EWS) by

EMCDDA Eu uy ms m 280

syv subss.

• 73 syv subss y

s m EU ug EWS 2012, u m 49

2011, 41 2010 24 2009.

• S 1997, 13 subss v b sk-ssss. O

s, g (4-MA, PMMA, 2C-I, 2C--2, 2-C--7, MA-2,

BZP, m) ss EU

(GHB) s v.

4-Mymm (4-MA) s ss bg

subj msus ss EU.

• T m gus subss m by EWS :

yms ( smu, g

ug s, su s PMMA 2C-I); yms

( v my ug s, su s

AM 5-MO-DAL); zs ( xb

my smu s, su s mCPP BZP);

s (su s m, my MDPV,

xb smu s); sy bs

( v ug ss s); ,

b gu subss sy bg

y vus gus.

• T I s b yg gg sg

mk ugs. 693 I ss sg ‘g

gs’ EU sums by EMCDDA

mg 2012. Ts ms 314 ss

Juy 2011 170 Juy 2010.

• A 2011 Eubm suvy yug g 15–24

m ss EU u m us ‘g

gs’ ms Mmb Ss s 5 % ss, us

U Kgm, Lv, P I s 8 %, 9 %,

9 % 16 % svy.

Fu m ugs b u :

.m.u.u/vs/---ugs

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9

sk ssssms syv

subss u bss, s m m

vb EDND m y

sss Mmb Ss.

As 2012, EMCDDA ubs mumvg msv vv 30 y

g sysms EWS k (13).

T ub ms m bs

xg xs m v.

Fum, um s svs sss

s my b sg mmg y

g sysm — mm quy EMCDDA m

us us EWS k. T um s

vb EMCDDA bs (14).

T EMCDDA s ss g v

sss m g EWS x

j P-Ass Asss (IPA)

bs (15) Pgu A 2013.

2.1.2. Annual meeting of the Reitox EWS network

T 12 Au mg Rx Ey g

sysm k s Lsb 24–25 My 2012.

Ps u svs m 27 EU

Mmb Ss, C, uky Ny. T

us Sb m Yugsv

Rub M

us Ab Ksv (16) s s.

Eu s s s. Iv x sks

m F, U Kgm U

Ss Am. T mg s s g

ssss:

2.1. Specifc implementation arrangements

2.1.1. Assistance to national early warning systems

T A ugs m EMCDDA guy

vs su y g sysms

s sss m

subss. I , quss

sss ug m

guy v m Mmb Ss, EU gs

sus, vu xs, us

m. I su v

ss s gg umb quss, EMCDDA

s sbs ss m.

Bug mvms v v s

ys, 2012 s u xg sumy su s GC-MS, F-IR NMR (12) s

73 subss . Ts ,

g y m subss y

, s u subs s

Eu Dbs N Dugs (EDND). By vg

mm ms, bs b m

m y sums. I s y, bs

ss Eu su y bs

u--, us mvg y s

subss b . Ts s bmg

gg m bs s msy

ugs bms sgy mx, m

v y qus

u mu suu.

W vs y ys ky

yg ugs, EMCDDA s s bgu

(12) Gs mgy–mss smy, Fu sm- smy u mg s smy sm

y y qus us y syv subss.

(13) T 27 EU Mmb Ss, C, uky Ny.

(14) EMCDDA (2012), Early warning system — national profles, EMCDDA, Lsb. Avb : ://.m.u.u/m-s/

s(15) P g us: Bs Hzgv, Sb, Mg, Fm Yugsv Rub M, Ksv (u UNSCR

1244/99), uky C.

(16) Ts sg s u ju ss sus, s UNSCR 1244 ICJ O Ksv

.

2. Implementation arrangements and cooperation with theEU Pharmacovigilance system

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10


A s m Cmbg Uvsy sb

mu ms b us

s subss, ug

xy syvy (s 4.4). A gus skm A Rs Isu Aus Uvsy,

xs v vv ug s us s

U Ss (US). O u s

s s s s xsu

sy bs sy s

ub gs.

2.1.3. Structured monitoring of the Internet — online

availability of ‘legal highs’

P s g vby ugs v s ys s u ss

ys ugs su s s- ‘g gs’

b mk sbu. Ts us vsg

sg m mk, ug ug

ss ‘bks m’ ss. I

m mk g b

usg s s vby

ugs, EMCDDA s u mugu sss

s 2006. T sss u s ssssm

mk uk ug m m

. Im s sss

v sgs mk ss, ug:

• umb ss g s ugs

sums s EU Mmb S ,

s ss:

• ms s subss us

s;

• mkg sbu qus us;

• umb bussss u gg

; ,

• ugs v y b ug m yss szus, s

uss bg sms.

I 2012, ss s u 20 EU gugs, s

s Ng, Russ Uk. Ag

ky m s mk, ss 693

ss sg ‘g g’ y us. Ts ms

314 ss Juy 2011 170 Juy

2010 (19). g I ss s u

• mm Cu Ds;

• us m EWS ss;

• m, u: mss s;

• s mg ugs s

ug us; ,

• g syv subss.

Dug ssss, gs bu

xs Mmb Ss u

vms . Rv ggs

v b.

T Bg v vv

x 4-MA, s ss us s u v s m.

A m m qus u A 5.1

Cu Ds s u ug mg

v u m J . Ds

J sk ssssm 4-MA v

Ss 3.2.1 3.2.2, svy.

T Hug v vv

-y ks ‘Exg

gs syv subss us’,

k Bus A 2012.

Rsvs m 10 Mmb Ss EMCDDA

. A summy ks s vb

Hug bs (17). T

s v u mms

Hug gs g syv

subss. T mms u su,

us s m subss u s

g s sy bs, s,

yms yms.

T EMA v u

EMCDDA, u EU

Pmvg sysm.

Exs m U Kgm F suss

v s mg syv

subss mbs um s us.

Ts g ms bg vy su by

EMCDDA b sy m v

mg ys. M m s b u

s 4.3 EMCDDA bs (18).

(17

) Hug (2012), Exchange on data collection challenges related to new psychoactive substances use, Hug , Bus. Avb : ://gkusz.u/-/us/ks_summy_.

(18) ://.m.u.u/s-yss

(19) EMCDDA (2011), Online sales o new psychoactive substances/’legal highs’: summary o results rom the 2011 multilingual snapshots,

EMCDDA, Lsb. Avb : ://.m.u.u/ubs/s-sus/2011/ss

http://drogfokuszpont.hu/wp-content/uploads/workshop_summary_final.pdf

http://drogfokuszpont.hu/wp-content/uploads/workshop_summary_final.pdf

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11

Implementation arrangements and cooperation with the EU Pharmacovigilance system

mgg syv subss Pm Sgs, US.

T v g v 300 s m 72

us. Bug Fs

musy um ugs s gs by EMCDDA Lsb My 2011, v bug

g g US, Eu

xs xm ssu m gb sv. T

EMCDDA gv ky ss s s

sx ss ug v.

Dug v, us v by EU,

Aus, J, US, s s U Ns

O Dugs Cm (UNODC). Ts ss

x us ugs, s s

y , m, sk-ssss

. T us v m mmsb us mkg us ugs

s s sss s m.

Imy, gs s by syv

subss v m s

ss v. Dsusss s vu

subss, s s b ugs m,

ms m u xy

v us. Pss u: sgs m

s mgy ms U Kgm;

v sgs m P; , m xs

m US xm sy bs

zs.

Europol–EMCDDA law enorcement expert meeting on new

psychoactive substances

I Smb 2012, x mg

syv subss s qus

Eu Hgu, -gs - by

EMCDDA Eu. Ts mg s s

EMPAC (Eu Musy Pm Ags

Cm Ts) O A P (OAP) 2012

u y ‘u u sbu

EU sy ugs ug syv

subss’. T m mg s s ss

syv subss s s mv

ss by m, ug m

Eu. Rsvs m m

m 26 EU Mmb Ss Ny .

Eu EMCDDA s s by sg

EWS vv u su Eu. T

Eu Cmmss s sm gsg EU gss ms kg ssu. A

sv m Bg F P v

vv su Bgum. Ts u s

Egs su EMCDDA–Eu J s

4-MA 5-I.

T mgy us ss ss s uy

bg vs su m IC u

EMCDDA. Ts k mvms s,

vg busss mgy. Ov,

s vss u mg b

mk ugs mgg

mk ugs.

2.1.4. Supporting activities

I su Cu Ds, EMCDDA guy

gss s vs vs,

b s. Ts vs sg

v EWS k v su s

kg ugs. Ts vs

vs v m mv b

mg EWS s m s bs

ssb. Sm ms sg vs

u 2012 sb b.

First international conerence on novel psychoactive

substances

T ‘v-gg syv ugs’ s us Fs v

syv subss. T s j

v EU-u R Dugs Eu

Nk (RDN) j EMCDDA, s

Bus M 2012.

T m s xg s

kg syv subss

s, g gs by s.

T gmm s bs u u ky ms:

gs; v v ms v mus;

g gs; , subs msus sy.

I xs, ug my s m

EWS k mmbs EMCDDA A

ugs m, v v 60 ss.

Bug s, s b

Ss, U Kgm Smb 2013

us s s s ugs

ums.

NIDA–EMCDDA second international orum on new drugs

I Ju 2012, U Ss N Isu Dug

Abus (NIDA) EMCDDA -gs -

s S sy um

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12


• L m svs m Mmb

Ss u mk s mv m

Eu.

• T EMPAC OAP vs mg yu b u ss bv.

• A -u mg vvg xs m EU

m gs b 2013

EMCDDA Lsb.

2.2. Cooperation with the EMA and the

Pharmacovigilance system

T EMA s ky mm

sysm s u by Cu Ds. T EMCDDA

EMA v sbs s b xg m bss vb ug EWS

EU Pmvg sysm. T xsg

bss gs, EuVg EMA

Eu Dbs N Dugs (EDND)

EMCDDA, us b b xg

m b gs.

O 7 Smb 2012 Lsb, vs kg

gm s sg by Ds EMCDDA

EMA. T gm s b

gs, ug xg m

bus m us s

Pmvg sysm (20).

As EWS, gs guy xg

m syv subss, s s

s g msus m us

mm Pmvg sysm (21).

I 2012, m sus xg m

k b EMCDDA EMA gg 4-MA

(s 3.2.1) 5-I (s 3.2.3).

sus msg s m s

s mus sm gus vv

mkg ‘g g’ us.

Eu gg gb u g

by m by vg vv mu-

vvg 12 EU Mmb Ss,

Aus, US Eujus ( EU gy ssb

ju ), g Cs su

vv kg g qus syv

subss.

T s kgm mg

m s uy gg sk

sg syv subss

sb s qu ss s. T s,v, quy sg mssg s s ssu

m s g k. A

xss s qum s s

k, u b m s

ss Eu mmu m vy. I s s

usms us v ky y

s b by m

gs s qu.

A us mg s s :

• T u b k m

ss u v

Eu ms vvg syv

subss. I , su k u m

suss ssus syv subss,

s g Rx EWS u mg

us kg uy v

s s.

• L m svs m Mmb

Ss u Rx

ug mk m.

(20) ://.m.u.u/bu/s/m

(21) A xm s 2012 s xg m m EuVg bus z, m u

us sm Mmb Ss m sm.

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13

sv v my m u mssgs

y xus.

F mg uss, EMCDDA gss

syv subss by m my

y bg. Ts s s yms,

yms, zs s. I s

sy bs, s uy gs

bss m m

my. T mg subss gs s

msus ‘s’ (Bx 2).

I 2012, s subss s m by 30

sy bs 19 msus ‘s’.

g s s -s umb

subss 2012 (Fgu 1, Ax 1

Ax 2).

3.1. New psychoactive substances notifed

in 2012

Dug 2012, 73 syv subss

my s m ug EWS

(Fgu 1 Ax 1). Ts us y--

y ss bg 2008. I s my b u

s g s

Mmb Ss, sg m gg bu

s subss g quy m

by s-mks m y sss. T

EMCDDA s su s vms

EWS k bg m uus su

vs. Ts b us by

ymks, gvm ms vsy

bs m y sss. I , su

3. Formal activities

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Other (chemicals, plants, medicines)

Synthetic cannabinoids

Cathinones

Piperazines

Tryptamines

Phenethylamines

Figure 1: Numb syv subss s m EWS s My 2005 ( 22)

(22

) I sm vus s , gu us g ss umb syv subss 2007 s16. T gu, s s bv, s 15, s s EMCDDA–Eu 2007 Imm R. I s ug s

su my v s s 16 subss Ax 2 . Hv, s , mzm (Ax 2,

subs 12) s u 1971 U Ns Cv Psy Subss s us s

Cu Ds.

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14


-su sy b m J W.

Hum, s s syss

s subs. I s ‘PB-22’,

ms v b m bs mu u subs s y b

su. Ts subs s Dmb by

Fs , v s

s 54 kgms by usms

us. T kg s s m C, mm

su buk syv subss, s

u Russ.

3.1.2. Phenethylamines

I 2012, 14 subsu yms my EWS. Ts s m umb

y vus y us

xmy - yms

s 2005.

I vus ys, yms v mg

ugs mk v my b m s

sb by Sug . (23). Sgy, sx

ym vvs 2012

m gu ‘N-2-mxybzy’,

s bbv msy s ‘-NBOM’ (24). Sus

sm s mus v s ms

bg y s vvs mgu

3.1.1. Synthetic cannabinoids

I 2012, 30 sy bs my

EWS. Ts subss mk u gs

gu mus m by EWS, 74

s 2008. Hv, s gu s bs m

m my

mss ms umbs su b m

u.

F sm sy bs v b

, s xsg by s u

bu msy, suu-vy ss,

y s. Ts u s b x

by s vv sy bs

g gg umb

subss sm suus su

mus bu m m ms. Ts

my b ms umv ug s, v,

s subss my xb m

mg s m sy

bs v b su. I, quy

2012, sy bs bu

u b u s u,

s g g xm

u. O su xm s JWH-018

bxy, quy vv (Ax 1, subs 58),

s b s I u

m ‘PB-22’. Ts subs s bs JWH-018,

Figure 2: Suu JWH-018 ‘PB-22’

JWH-018 ‘PB-22’

(23) Sug, A., . (2011), Te Shulgin index volume 1: psychedelic phenethylamines and related compounds , sm Pss, Bky.

(24) Ts bbv s v v m s gg gs s- ‘N-bmb’ ugs.

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15

Formal activities

3.1.4. Cathinones

I 2012, v sy vvs

my EWS. Ts ms g

2011 15 2010.

3.1.5. Piperazines

I 2012, z s my

EWS. T subs, 1-(3-mybzy)z, s

vv bzyz (BZP) suu

sm mybzyz (MBZP). Ts

subs s u sm g

sy vv MDPV

(myxyyv), s s

EMCDDA 2008. Nby, y z

vvs v b s 2008.

3.1.6. Miscellaneous ‘others’ substances

I 2012, 19 msus ‘’ subss

my EWS. Ts vs gu s

subss sbs EMCDDA

gs sb bv. Ty s s

Ax 2. O s sv

vvs ugs s gy:

• 5-APDB, 6-APDB 5-APDI (Ax 1, s. 15, 17

54, svy). Ts m- -xyg

vvs smu ug

myxmm (MDA);

• mm (Ax 1, . 13)

gu mm;

• 3-MO-PCP, 2-MO-km N-ykm

(Ax 1, s. 21, 50 53, svy). Ts

vvs ssv ug y (PCP)

sy km; ,

• (s)buyy y (Ax 1, . 63) vv

sy y.

Fum, s s b 5-APDB, 6-APDB

mm y m suu

ms 5-APB, 6-APB

myym, svy,

2011 (25). Ts subss g xms

m vu s ugs mk.

T msus ‘s’ gy s s sv

subss m us vvs

:

m ym mus.

Ts g s su by s EWS g

szu ‘bs’ sug ub sg ms,

yy us ms ugs v

mgm g (su s LSD).

By 2012, vs s b

EWS ss s

ym subss. Hv, m s m

US Aus suggs us s b

ss - xs s. T

EWS k s -m bu gs

s by ‘-NBOM’ subss ms vg g

s . I s s, m g s

(M 2013), s s -

xs EU v b m EWS

ub g s ssu by EMCDDA.

3.1.3. ryptamines

I 2012, u ym vvs my

EWS. Aug sm umb, s m

s vus ys mb.

T ym subss

s sz by us 2011. Ts

uss s m g b

sms sz s

s EMCDDA Eu.

Figure 3: 25B-NBOM ‘bs’ (Ax 1, Subs 66),

Ng

(25) EMCDDA Eu (2012), EMCDDA–Europol 2011 Annual Report on the implementation o Council Decision 2005/387/JHA , EMCDDA,

Lsb.

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


16


• 4-u: g-u vv

. E s symmm k

g ss vy

g s. I s us s smu, b suss.

4-Fu s b us s us

muu syv subs

4-u-N-mymm (4-FMA). Ts s y

gus us s us

muu N-mymm. 4-FMA s s

EWS by Ny M 2010;

• 4-mymx p-my vv: g-my

vv 4-mymx (‘U4Eu’, ‘Eu’),

s b b smu ssss

s sm mm. T ug‘mx’ s us m u

s us s g. I s 1972

s us s ss umy

ys; ,

• 4-mymz: g-subsu vv

mz, s suss (

• bu: vv uy ug by

usm gmm-mbuy (GABA).

Cmy, s suu

ym. I s sv u Russ 1960s s xy

(g g) s. I s

uy bg s b s ‘y sum’

‘s m’ umb EU Mmb Ss;

• z: -bzz y/sv

bgs gu yys (

s- ‘Z-ugs’). I s us s m

u sm Mmb Ss m

sm;

• yzm: bzz y s

k. I s sm m suu zm,

s us s m u sm

Mmb Ss. Hv, m zm,

yzm s bm m

m s yy gu s y

gu. I uy bg s s ‘s m’ by

I s;

Sub-categorisation within the ‘others’ group

T EMCDDA s gu s subss sub-

gs vy s s gu

mgu, suu y. Sm sub-gs bs

m my, s bs m .

W subs s u g s v m

ms, s s sy. Ts s

us uss y s b s

gs EWS.

T sub-gs : myx vvs;

ms; yyms ( bg yms

yms); s ys;

gss; sy subsus ; ms

vvs ms; , s, musms

xs. T b ss subss s

1997 s sub-gs , s s

xs, s us g subss

y gy.

Bk msus ‘s’ gy syv subss b 1997 2012

Arylethylamines11

Narcotic analgesics

4

Others

8

Piperidines andpyrrolidines

5

Plant extracts8

Synthetic cocaine

substitutes

2

Aminocyclohexane

derivatives

8

Aminoindanes

4

Medicine and derivatives13

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17

Formal activities

5-I, ug J bs u

g :

1. mu m sz;

2. v gs m vvm;

3. v kg;

4. gy b-su mus;

5. v u () s; ,

6. v ss sus x s.

3.2.1. 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) — Joint report

A bgg 2012, EMCDDA Eu g

m 4-MA ss

bv . T gss u

su m b umu m

u J s su A 5.1

Cu Ds. I m vss

Ds, 21 My 2012 EMCDDA Eu

u u m

4-MA J .

Key fndings o the Joint report

4-MA s g-my vv mm,

bgs gu sy yms. I s

s Bgum Ob 2009, s

EMCDDA ug EWS 14 Dmb 2009.

v EU Mmb Ss s s C Ny

szus 4-MA EMCDDA Eu.

Ts msy s m, gg

g m 0.02 gms u 147 kgms. Sms

4-MA yy s mm

vyg s.

Ag m v Eu,

ys mu u ss /

s u 4-MA v bsv Ns. Szus

kg 4-MA s by

Mmb Ss, s kg m

Mmb S. Fum, Eu s

s u b m b 4-MA

mm ms vvm gs

m gus, u, , / uss. N s

m s my ug

u / kg 4-MA s

m s v s v

ug mz) k -

m sg g (NDRA). Pmz

mz u 1971 U

Ns Cv Psy Subss(Su II Su IV, svy).

3.1.7. Information processing and analysis

Fg m subs

s EDND. Dug 2012, 73

subs s m 200

subs s u m.

Ts guy u s ss y

bss by mmbs EWS k. Ps

summy s k bu subs ug:

u subs; s s

ss ; m m EMA

s su s U Ns; g

sus; msy ug mu m,

syss, muug us m

y ; k uss sks ss

subs; ubs s sus; g ms

m Mmb Ss gg szus, sms

bg sms; , y v m

s vb.

As s 2.1.1, EDND s x 2012

u sum y su s GC-MS,

F-IR NMR s 73 subss s

s y subss v b

vusy . A 421 g ms

v 2012 (26).

I g ms, EMCDDA s

mms g-m mg ug

sx-my EWS s. Bs m

ys, s subss s

v guy by EMCDDA Eu

y s gg J . I2012, subss s m

u J suss b. I

, subss bg vy

uy m u sm y s

m. Exms s gv s 3.3.1.

3.2. Joint reports and risk assessment

I 2012, EMCDDA Eu xm vb

m syv subss, 4-MA

(26) Ts u s s m syv subs s uy (ug s

subs EU) s s sg m subs (su s - xs, s, g uusu

szus).

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18


u um s s g

(‘A’) 1950s. Hv, s vm

mkg s b uk ss s

v m mmy vb. I s s Bg sk ssssm 4-MA yss

ms mm m u

sg 4-MA my ms smu

s subs g sg

my v y sm s ( 27).

T J s vb EMCDDA bs (28).

3.2.2. 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) — Risk

assessment

O bss J , 24 Smb 2012, A 6 Cu Ds,

Cu Eu U qus m sk

ssssm subs.

T x S Cmm EMCDDA

u sk ssssm 16 Nvmb 2012. T

Cmm s g m:

v m J , u

m vb; u

m gg sm s; s s

m Eu u ss 4-MA b

; s m gs sk

ssssms u by Du Bg

us; , x bus m mmbs

S Cmm v xs.

T sk ssssm s vb Cu

Eu U bs (29).

O 7 M 2013, u s sk

ssssm , Cu Eu U

ssu Ds subj 4-MA msus

ss EU (30).

3.2.3. 5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-I) — Joint report

A Smb 2012, EMCDDA Eu

g m 5-I ss

1, 4, 5 6 bv (31). T gss

u su m b

u, s /

kg 4-MA.

Sx Mmb Ss C 4-MA s

u ug quv gs. Mmb

Ss vg gs mg uus

suy quyg syv subss. A

u Mmb Ss 4-MA s

u ms gs. I s s

s 4-MA s u ssssm

b u ssssm by U Ns sysm.

T J s 4-my-bzy my

k (4-my-BMK), us k b us

muu 4-MA, s u

b mmy vb.

Aug sm us sy ss vby

4-MA v I, s u x s

subs s vs s . T s

v suggs s m 4-MA, v,

s , subs s b s s

mm (.g. s ‘s’). I s s, J

mm uss my b sk

xsu 4-MA subs bm m y

vb, gv ug v sms suggs

bu 2 m Eus us mms

ug s y.

4-MA s u v k m us (um

vy) EU. T s mkg us

(xsg, gg sus) 4-MA EU

Mmb Ss s qus m

EMA. T s 4-MA s us

uss s y

s s s. Fu, s

m suggs 4-MA s us

muu m u EU.

T J sx s -

xs 4-MA, by sx Mmb Ss

s m (m Ob 2011 Juy 2012.

T u v s u J

m umb sus msy,

mgy xgy 4-MA. Isgy, 4-MA

(27) Ky v by Bg .

(28) EMCDDA Eu (2012), EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance, 4-methylamphetamine , EMCDDA, Lsb.

Avb : ://.m.u.u/ms.m/_191982_EN_DAS12001ENN.PDF

(29

) Cu Eu U (2012), Risk assessment report on the new psychoactive substance 4-methylamphetamine, 17275/12CORDROGUE 98 SAN 320. Avb : ://gs.sum.u.u///12/s17/s17275.12.

(30) Cu Ds 7 M 2013 subjg 4-mymm msus (2013/129/EU), OJ L 72, 15.03.2013, . 11.

(31) Sy: mu m sz; gy b-su mus; v u () s;

, v ss sus x s.

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19

Formal activities

O Mmb S 5-I s u

ug gs. Mmb Ss 5-I

u gs g syv subss.

O Mmb S 5-I u gs.O Mmb S 5-I u m

gs. I s s s 5-I s u

ssssm b u ssssm by

U Ns sysm.

N v u us 5-I. I

s, 5-I b u ‘g g’ y us

‘Bz Fuy’. A -sv I suvy

s mus mgz u 2.3 %

ss us ‘Bz Fuy’ s y.

Sm Mmb Ss sy ss

vby 5-I ug I s. I s

subs s s s ug s g

us b s ‘Bz Fuy’. I s,

s s v suy m ‘bks m’

ss.

T J 15 - xs 21

s ss 5-I Mmb Ss

(Hugy, S, U Kgm). Ts

EMCDDA b Juy Dmb

2012. T yss bg sms sm s

ss s 5-I my v b us ju

syv subss

ugs.

T b ubs sus xy,

ug 5-I.

D sus mgy s

v b ubs. O vb in vitro suy suggs

5-I b mm xs. T sg

s g ums s u. I sm

- xs s ss 5-I,

symms y mmg xy .

5-I s u v k um vy

m us EU. T s mkg

us (xsg, gg sus) 5-I

EU Mmb Ss s

qus m EMA. T s 5-I

s us uss s y

m s s. A m

g , s m 5-I s

us muu m u EU.

T J s vb EMCDDA bs (32).

umu m u J

5-I s su by A 5.1 Cu Ds. I

m vss Cu Ds,

3 Ob 2012 EMCDDA Eu u u m 5-I,

J .

Key fndings o the Joint report

5-I s sy vv , subsu

y s g sysm (s 5). I s

s sm -myym (AM),

bgs m my yms, my

ug. Hv, 5-I s s

m sub-suu -myym

u b s b subsu

ym, my k b smus.

Lm suggs 5-I s smu s.

T s szu 5-I s Ny 17 A 2012,

s EMCDDA ug EWS 1 Ju

2012. Sv EU Mmb Ss s

/ xg bs v v

us m 5-I u k

m. Ts my v

u-g 5-I. Sv Mmb Ss Ny

szus 5-I, msy s s gg

g m 0.2 gms 20.5 kgms, bs

sus. I s s bs smbg

‘ssy’ Mmb S.

T m vb J suggs

mm us ms 5-I y by

suf. O Mmb S j

subs my s b ug.

T s m gg muug ss,

m uss sy us us

5-I b ug mk. O

ssb u syss s sm ss

uv m us mmy muu

mms. T s ug b sb

mu by sg qu

ss qum.

Ag s v Eu s

m vb suggs vvm

gs m, m gus, u,

sbu kg 5-I. T subs b

sz b u Mmb Ss Ny. I

s s vv szu 20.5 kgms .

(32) EMCDDA Eu (2012), EMCDDA–Europol joint report on a new psychoactive substance, 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole, EMCDDA, Lsb.

Avb : ://.m.u.u/ubs/j-s/5-I

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20


Methylone

I Juy 2012, s ssu ub

s sb s ss

sy vv my

(3,4-myxym). T vv

16-y- m, s s vvg my

b bug EMCDDA.

My s s 2005 s s

sy s b m by EWS.

Methoxetamine

Mxm s yyxym s my

km. T subs s s 2010. A s ssu 2011 ub

s ss - xs by ss

U Kgm. I 2012, m s ssu

mxm.

T s 2012 s ssu Fbuy

I - x

ss mxm vv 27-y-

m. T s s y,

us, ug svy g.

T s s ssu Ju Ss EMCDDA

mxm, sy bs HC

s-mm sms.

As 2012, u qus m U Kgm

, EMCDDA u m

m qus s subs. T sss

us by Avsy Cu Msus Dugs

v gvm mxm su

b u ugs gs. T gs g

mxm U Kgm’s ug

s ss 26 Fbuy 2013.

Alpha-methyltryptamine

A-myym (AM), subsu ym,

s s by F 2001 u 1997 J

A (35). I s v Sv U s

-ss 1960s. Ov s ys,

s b y by I s sg

syv subss.

O bss m v J ,

24 Juy 2013, Cu Eu U

qus m sk ssssm b u

subs. T sk ssssm b u by x S Cmm EMCDDA A

2013.

3.3. Public health alerts

Pvg gs vs s

syv subss ug my ub

s s vs EWS

vs vu Mmb Ss ( 33). I ,

EWS smus xg m

mgg s uss xsg syv

subss my s sk ub ,

s s m ssb ub

msus, m us

EMCDDA.

I 2012, EWS ssu ub s k

g y uusu zs

syv subss ugs (34).

3.3.1. Alerts related to new psychoactive substances

I 2012, EMCDDA ssu ub sg vs s sv

syv subss ‘g g’ u.

5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT)

T ub s ssu

subsu 5-I. Ts s ssu Juy,

Smb Ob 2012 gg by

s - xs / s m

Ss, Hug U Kgm

s. Ts m s y ky

s by EMCDDA Eu u J

subs (s 3.2.3). S

submss J Cu

Eu U, Eu Cmmss EMA

Dmb 2012, u s ( Hugy

Gmy) v b EMCDDA

ug EWS.

As s 3.2.3, m sk ssssm 5-I

b u 11 A 2013.

(33) Su s gy bg Mmb Ss bg u m.

(34) N syv ugs s-mm sms s ssy my us .

(35) J A 97/396/JHA 16 Ju 1997 by Cu bss A K.3 y Eu U, g

m xg, sk ssssm sy ugs. OJ L 167, 25.06.1997, . 1.

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21

Formal activities

s by, us s

PMMA, MDMA, -sm .

4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA)

T ub s ssu 2012

4-MA, s subj J sk

ssssm (ss 3.2.1 3.2.2). Ts s

s s Ns, Bgum

U Kgm, ssu

Ob 2011 Bg

- xs s ss

subs.

Methylthienylpropamine

Myym (MPA) s gu

N-mymm. I s s Juy

2011 by F. s s ssu 2012

U Kgm

ss vvg s ss s

subs.

T s ss. T s s vv

‘g g’ u k s ‘B’ s sus

v b s. Ayss u s

u MPA, MDAI (myxym),

g, . Ts ugs s

s-mm sms bu my MPA. I s

s, MPA mxm . T

m m s s suggs ‘g g’

u ‘C W’ b s by

s. T s sg

xg gs.

T s s MPA s

s-mm b g xy, mzm,

vx s mb o-smyvx. N

ugs syv subss u.

‘Annihilation’

A ub s ssu ‘A’, s

‘g g’ u s subs. I

Ob 2012, s su m s, EMCDDA

U Kgm

gg u ‘A’, s

s gg AM ssu 2012

m s v gg s U

Kgm Ny.

T s s s ssu U Kgm

s u

2011. I s, AM s u s-

mm sms. I s, MDMA,

um, AM, my, MDPV, MDAI,

mxm 5-IAI s-mm. I

s s s vv us

s us u g

s subss.

T s ub s ssu

Ng 19-y- m s s-mm xg yss

v g s AM b. A

ugs .

Para-methyoxyamphetamine (PMA) and para-

methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA)

PMA PMMA subsu ym

subss v b ss sus

xy ug . PMMA s sk-ssss 2001

mk 1997 J A (

36

) squy subj msus ss

EU (37).

As ssu PMMA/PMA b 2010 2011.

I 2012, ub gs ssu

sus - xs s

m U Kgm I.

T U Kgm v

u sus - xs

bv b ss us bs

PMA. I s s, u s PMA s s-mm. Fu

s vb m . As

m, U Kgm

u s ss PMA m 2011

b vusy EMCDDA.

A u PMA/PMMA s ssu Is

s ss

us ug g PMMA MDMA. Ag

(36) EMCDDA (2003), Report on the risk assessment o PMMA in the ramework o the joint action on new synthetic drugs , O O

Pubs Eu Cmmus, Luxmbug.

(37) Cu Ds 28 Fbuy 2002 g msus m ss s sy ug PMMA

(2002/188/JHA). OJ L 63, 06.03.2002, . 14.

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22


Fentanyl

A s ssu M 2012 qus

Gm u bsv mk

s s ss us y. I

2011, 24 % ug- s

Bv g ss y us.

A u y s ssu g m

gg ssu y msus

Es.

A s mg s Lsb Ob 2012

xm us y y vvs

Eu (s 4.2).

Anthrax inection associated with heroin use

Sv s ssu ug us 2012

gg ubks x uss

j . T U Kgm, Gm, F

Ds s m ss

x b 13 Ju 2012 19 Dmb2012. T sx ss U Kgm, u

Gmy, F Dmk. Dug s

, EMCDDA k sy v

us Mmb Ss Eu

C Dss C (ECDC). A J ECDC–

EMCDDA sk ssssm s u Ju

v v ub gs ssu

g bss s us v (39).

b ssb ss -

xs S, U Kgm. T

yss v sms

‘A’ v s mxus sy bs, s

kgs u sm. Fum,

s EDND v Gm

vusy sz sm

‘A’. T sus s yss s

b.

O s sms sy

b UR-144 (s EMCDDA

Fbuy 2012 by Fs ). Hv,

s k s subs us s

b ss sum

s u. UR-144 s sy b s

v s sv CB2 g

y CB1 ( m gus

b ssb syv

s) (38).

Eu s ssu k Eu

N Us gg ‘A’ us.

3.3.2. Alerts related to controlled substances

I 2012, ub s s ssu

y subss. Ts

y, mmm

(N-mymm).

Table 1. Synthetic cannabinoids found in ‘Annihilation’ ‘legal high’ products, October 2012

Source of data UR-144 MAM-2201 AM-2201

JWH-122

pentenyl derivative AM-1248

UK ü ü — ü —

UK ü ü — — —

UK ü ü ü ü —

UK ü — ü — —

UK ü ü — — —

Gmy ü ü — — ü

(38) Ps, A. Hum, J. W., (2008), gg b CB2 : mg suu ms CB2 sv gs,

British Journal o Pharmacology , 153(2), . 335–346.

(39) ECDC EMCDDA (2012), Joint ECDC and EMCDDA rapid risk assessment. Anthrax cases among injecting drug users, Germany , ECDC,

Skm.

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23

Formal activities

3.3.3. Emerging trend for future monitoring

T EMCDDA s sm ms

syv subss, su s yms

subsu ‘-NBOM’ gu (s 3.1.2)

ys, bg s s yx

mxs.

Cyx mxs g sy mus

u m s. Ty v my gm

s ug s ug vy ms.

Ts s bus y m s- ‘s-gus mxs’,

ug mu b my bu

yx bu s gs. Su

msm u v bs us,

sbus uss uy

syv subss s u m s

s . O , us

yx mxs s v y ugs my

v ms subss

usg sbs qus. Fum, s

ssb s m vy my s s

y u s s ‘u ’

ugs.

Methamphetamine (N-methylamphetamine)

T ub gs ssu

mmm 2012.

I y 2012, s ssu ss

m Gk g

ug us, ug b m us

mmm. Ts subs s mg

ug s G s k y s ‘ss’.

szus ‘ss’ by As u

mmm ys m (mmy

‘ys m’).

A u s ssu y u

by Gk u

szus ‘ss’ g s ug uss

g m svs skg

subs.

T s gg by s

G, vv m ug us. I s s,

mmm, m m

m s-mm b sms.

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24

s m), m us m s 0.4 %

(0.3 % s y 0.2 % s m) (41).

T 2010/11 Bs Cm Suvy (42) u mg

g u (16–59) Eg Ws, s y

us m (1.4 %) s v sm ssy. Amg 16–24 g gu, s y v

m s sm s

(4.4 %). Ms s usg m

s y s vg us ug

(my bs, ssy). A m v

usg sg s sus s

suvy v sm m b

m s . T

2011/12 suvy (43, 44) u s y us

m mg us g 16 59 s 1.1 %.

M s u b u ms v

ug msu. Amg 16- 24-y-s, s y us

s 3.3 %, sm v s ssy, ms

v ug us s g gu. Esms us

y ugs (GBL/GHB, BZP sy

bs) s y g b 0.1

0.2 % y ug.

M ‘g gs’ u s

m j us suvy I N

I (U Kgm) u 2010/11,

m s (45). T sm u v

7 500 ss, g 15–64. I N I,m v s sm 2 % s y

v 1 % b m ‘g gs’.

Lm v vs g mg s g

15–24, g 6 % b m ‘g gs.

4.1. Overview o prevalence data on new

psychoactive substances

D b v us ss us

bvus ss ms mg,

usg, , sg , m

syv subss. Su uy m

my su m mg ms, ug

k mm s. I , ms uss

k subss y v uy k. Ts my

b u bm gg ‘g g’ us

(su s smkg mxus sy

bs) s usg b ms s my

m s v bu s, , y

s, s u u my vy v

m. Fy, m y,

s b k u sg gyym s-mvg mk syv

subss.

Ov s ys sm sv g

u suvys v b u xm

v ‘g gs’ syv

subss s sus / us (40).

A suvy Ss sus (g 14–18)

u 2010 u v m us ‘g gs’

0.7 % (0.6 % s y 0.5 % s m).W m us ‘s ms’ s 0.4 %

(0.3 % s y, 0.2 % s m), m

us ‘S’ us ( sy

bs) s 1.1 % (0.8 % s y 0.4 %

4. Epidemiology and new approaches

(40) F sm ugs s y mk, us gus v my, sm g, s

sbs ugs (su s mm MDMA). A xm s s 4-mymm, s usuy s

s mm (.g. ‘s’), v ug uss msy u s.

(41) C Cmm Gvm Dg N P Dugs (2011), Emgg ugs. R 6 C Cmm ,

Msy H, M. Avb : ://.s.ms.s/Cg2/ub//DROGAS_EMERGENES_gs_WEB.

(42

) Sm, K. Fy, J (2011), Drug Misuse Declared: Findings rom the 2010/11 British Crime Survey , Hm O, L.(43) I 2012, Bs Cm Suvy s m Cm Suvy Eg Ws.

(44) UK Hm O (2012), Drug Misuse Declared: Findings rom the 2011/12 Crime Survey or England and Wales, Hm O, L.

(45) N Avsy Cmm Dugs (NACD) Pub H Im Rs B (PHIRB) (2011), Drug use in Ireland and

Northern Ireland: frst results rom the 2010/11 Drug Prevalence Survey. Bulletin 1. NACD & PHIRB, Dub.

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


25

Epidemiology and new approaches

g sgs Cz Rub u 4.5 %

sm 1 091 I uss g 15 34

us syv subs (48).

I 2011, ug-us suvy UK ubbg

mgz Mxmg Gu s (49)

s vus Mxmg suvys 15 500

sss m u , bu msy m

U Kgm. I 2010/11, vs us

m s y s m

ms g mg ubbs (30 % 13 %)

-ubbs (10 % 3 %).

4.2. Trendspotter study: entanyl in Europe

T s EMCDDA s suy s u

Ob 2012 xm vby us

y Eu, ug: x s us;

u vs; ms s; ,

sss bm. v xs m 10 Mmb

Ss (Bug, Cz Rub, Gmy, Es,

G, Iy, Svk, S, F, U Kgm)

mg, sg xs

bug yss , vg sgs

m m, s s, m,

s mg, ug us svs.

T EMCDDA s suy mgy

s umb vsgv

s m mu sus. Ts

suy u: v u;

m 30 y g sysms;

y-ss s; 12 x

ss (m 10 us); suvy

xs g mg; ,

kg gus. Ayss s bs gu

vb , v vg s m b u s ssb, m v

bg mu my my

sus bs x gy

u.

T m mg s vb EMCDDA

bs (50).

I I, syv subss (s y us, 4 %)

s ms quy ugs

bs (6 %). T gs vs s y us

syv subss by 15- 24-y-s (10 %).

I , 2011 Eubm suvy yu us

ugs, v m 12 000 yug

g b 15 24, sm 5 %

yug Eus us ‘g gs’ sm m,

bu us g g 3–5 %. T

gs sms by I (16 %)

by Lv, P U Kgm ( y

10 %) (46).

Suvys v s xm us, vby ss us bvus g us su s

gub s mus s. T g

us u ‘y s’ ugs.

T gs s suvys gsb

gus us. Nvss, us ugs

s g us b vy g su

sus my v sgs ms ug my

v, s s subss my b

v us gus u bm

m s.

A suvy vus g ‘gy y’ gubs

su-s L 2011 u , mg 313

s, m us ‘g g’ s by

65.8 %. Lm us m s by

63.8 % sm (s m us s 53.2 % us

ug y suvy s 41 %). I , m

us BZP s 9.3 % (1.6 % s y); m us

MDAI s 7.7 % (1.3 % s y); m us

‘sy ’ s 9.9 % (3.5 % s y);

m us ‘S/K2’ s 9.9 % (2.2 % s y);

m us mxm s 6.4 % (1.9 % s

y); m us ‘s’ s 1.6 % (1.0 % s y) (47).

A suvy ‘g gs’ u mg 860

ss x ‘g gs’ Gmy

s ‘b bs’ ms v ‘g

g’ us, by ‘s ms’ ‘b

ss’ sm us. Smy, suy u

(46) Gu Ogz (2011), Youth attitudes on drugs, Flash Eurobarometer 330 . Avb : ://.u.u/ub_/s/

_330_.

(47

) W, D. M., Hu, L., Msm, F. Dg, P.I. (2012), ‘Lm us v syv subss Su L gubs’,Quarterly Journal o Medicine, 105(10), . 959–64.

(48) EMCDDA (2012), Annual report 2012: the state o the drug problem in Europe, Pubs O Eu U, Luxmbug, . 92.

(49) N us s (2012), ‘Gb ug suvy’, Mixmag, 251, . 68–73.

(50) ://.m.u.u/s-sus/2012/ss-

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


26


sss mg sk ssssm

syv subss.

Ts qu s bs mus

sm m suus my ssss sm

ysm s bg vs. T

mu smy s b x ug

svy, smy ms v b us

ysm s (suby,

g ), s s smg bs,

sbu, mbsm, x xy.

Ts m my b usu, b y sg

ss ssssg syv subss s

mmy qu ug sk ssssm.

Hv, s b us s

sk ssssm ss.

Usg mu mg m, 4-MA s

xm s v s sm

subsu mm smus. O

mus ssss usg s qu 2012

5-I, -PVP mxm.

5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-IT)

T mu mg m

5-H2C 5-H1D s ssb gs 5-I.Ts s k b vv

u mb b. I , m

5-I my ss b–b b.

Alpha-PVP

A-PVP bgs gu y y

ugs, suuy sm yv (4-my-α-

yv) s by sg

m . I s s

mu u mg

g sysms, gm m in

vitro sus. I , m -

PVP my b b ss b–b b.

Methoxetamine

T g gm s b

x gs km mxm. T

ms qu s m

gus mus mus b kg.

Ts mg bu u suss s EMCDDA

s mg k Lsb Ob

2011, xm sks Eu

mk (

51

).

4.3. Sewage epidemiology

Sg mgy, s k s s yss,

s y vg s s. I s b

su by EMCDDA s s gs s

my b usu mg qu su

Agy’s k. Mg u-v s

ug sum usg s qu s

sb gv vs y

msy s ugs s s m

mbs s vy s. Ts

s mb kg mu u u sm m

mmuy ( m vu us).

W ssums, my b ssb bk-

u m mu mb

s sm mu ug

sum mmuy. Ey s us

yg s mbs s, bu

sus v s s qu ss

ms mg sum syv

subss.

x mgs s yss

gs by EMCDDA 2011. Ts u

ms j mmss by

EMCDDA (2012) m x by

qu ug yss s 19

Eu s. I Dmb 2012, EMCDDA s

ks xm ug us us

u b m ug s bmk

yss. T ks bug g sm

g ss s s vm kk- mg SEWPROF (sg

g) j gu (52).

4.4. Computer-aided prediction o

pharmacological properties

T EMCDDA–Eu 2011 Au R

mm Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA

suss usg mu-bs mg

(51) ://.m.u.u/s-sus/2011/ss-

(52) SEWPROF s s j u by Eu Cmmss, M Cu As, Sv Fmk Pgmm I

g Nk v sy ss-s s by x g sss kg

y-mgg sg mgy.

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


27

subs sug, sm ss my uy

ugs.

T syv subss sz by Eu

m gs su my m C

ss x m I. T u

ugs s EU s y Eu by Mmb

Ss. Ts my s b u qum

m ss ms syss qum

qu, m ‘’ sy ugs

su s mm MDMA. I mjy ss

by Mmb Ss, ‘ u’

syv subss EU s

ss mxg kgg ss,

syss subss.

Dug EMCDDA–Eu J

4-MA, sg g s gg uss ugs. T Ns

ys mu u ss /

s u 4-MA b

sv ( ss 2010 s 2011). I

s s ms vv

u y ug

4-MA. Ag Du g,

suggss sm us bv y

ug mm usg us BMK,

y uy usg us 4-my-BMK

squy ug 4-MA.

5.1. Europol

As ky sysm s u u Cu

Ds, Eu s mg,

kg sg ss g suy

syv subss. T Eu ysu Cu Ds s v g

vv v xs g u,

kg gs m vvm b

‘’ sy ugs mk s s

syv subss. Eu s sv x

sysms sy ug ,

ug syv subss.

T xsv vvm gs m

u, kg mkg sy ugs s

-k. Fu s, m g by Euss gs m us x

mk us, u kgg, mxg

kg ugs sg mgg

EU.

Mv, I s bm mj

mk su syv subss s

s m ub sg kg

syss, s vby. Hv, Eu s

syv subss vs

I s ‘g gs’ ys ss

5. Production and distribution o new psychoactive substances

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


28

N, m v, EWS vs vu

Mmb Ss by yg ss sug

y v ss ms u-- m

syv subss b m ss Eu

by. T EWS k us g, s s

mu quy m s. Tk us y s s

xg bs, bu s g

m sss, s s my m

ss. I s EWS us y

vy u suu s u by

Rx s, xs

s b bu u by mmbs k,

g gus v by

EMCDDA Eu.

Fu, ssy, sysm s

gss ug s sk ssssm s

msus ss EU. I 2012, s ssv

mg sysm v EMCDDA Eu

sgs qu gg J s 4-MA

5-I. A sk ssssm u by x

S Cmm EMCDDA, g

Eu Cmmss, Cu

Eu U 4-MA ss U.

T sk ssssm 5-I b u A 2013.

Su s ss sysm s u by

Cu Ds. I b m

sss ky b ss

ugs m, sm ky s EWS

b sg. Ts u:

• mgm suu

EWS, ug EDND ( s sg

quy g s

g by ugs m);

• vs msm u s y

ss ss EU;

• mvg y vsgv yss

s Eu v; ,

• mg sus, uy g g

u v suvys.

U bu g, ms syv

subss yy s y mk.

Ty u u s

‘sg ugs’ su m v ms.

sm g, s us b s, 4-MA

bg s xm ug u u s EU. Hv, mg

‘g gs’, bgg BZP my,

by m, mk um s

ug mks. N my syv subss

u buk C I m

Eu, y ss, kg s

gg ‘g gs’ mk. Ts vms v

b u by gbs g

vm, v s m mk

v. Ts us vsm s ug

I ‘bks m’ ss. I ,

sus, I s s g mmu

s s vg ss kg, xs

gss. F uss, I s m s

bu ‘g gs’, s xs usg m

v v su uss. Ov,

s vms v y

m s umb, y vby

syv subss Eu. I 2012, 73

subss y s m

Eu ug EWS, m 280 subss

bg m by EMCDDA.

T gbs u ugs m mks

uy u u suy.

Ds ug s b EU Mmb Ss

us, su s C I,

subss muu, mu bm.

Rs x gs xsg guy

msus y msus. Isu

y sg g s kgs mks

u v ugs g EU. T

s s u I

ms m msus my v mm u sm ss us

us EU, g guy sysms my b

qu ss s m.

6. Conclusions

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29

syv subss (su s bg

m sus) v vu

u xy ums. W

EMCDDA s su qus bss s, s su m b qu

u, sysm bss uu.

Conclusions

Fy, vs s mgy

xgy m ssssm

s subss. Ts b us

mv kg usg ssubss, ug, y, sk ssssm

ss. Su ssssm my u suy

mg xg s

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30

14. URB754 (6-my-2-[(4-myy)m]-1-

bzxz-4-) – 27 Fbuy 2012 – Bug

15. 5-APDB (5-(2-my)-2,3-ybzu)

– 5 M 2012 – Bug

16. Phenibut (4-m-3-y-buy ) – 8 M

2012 – S

17. 6-APDB (6-(2-my)-2,3-ybzu)

– 8 M 2012 – S

18. 2-FMA (2-u-N-my-mm) – 12 M

2012 – F

19. ECX (1-yy-1-yx) – 26 M 2012

– U Kgm

20. 4-Fluoroephedrine (1-(4-uy)-2-(mym)

-1-) – 26 M 2012 – U Kgm

21. 3-MeO-PCP (1-[1-(3-mxyy)yxy]

) – 29 M 2012 – U Kgm

22. 5FUR-144 ((1-(5-uy)-1H--3-y)

(2,2,3,3-myyy)m) – 30M 2012 – Lv

23. 25D-NBOMe (2-(2,5-mxy-4-myy)- N-(2-

mxybzy)m) – 16 A 2012 – U

Kgm

24. A-796,260 ([1-[2-(4-my)y]-1H--3-y](2,

2,3,3-myyy)m) – 18 A

2012 – Bgum

25. 4-AcO-DAL (4-xy-N,N-yym) – 20

A 2012 – F

26. 1-Phenyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)butan-1-one – 7 My 2012

– S

1. HU-331 ((3S,4R)-3-yxy-2-p-m-(1,8)--3-

y-5-y-3,4-p-bzqu) – 12 Juy 2012 –F

2. AM-679 ((2-y)(1-y-1H--3-y)

m) – 27 Juy 2012 – Iy

3. WIN 55212-2 ((R)-(+)-[2,3-y-5-my-3-(4-

mymy)y[1,2,3-]-1,4-bzxz-6-

y]-1-ym) – 27 Juy 2012 – Iy

4. UR-144 ((1-y-1H--3-y)-(2,2,3,3-my-

yy)m) – 1 Fbuy 2012 – F

P

5. JWH-370 ([5-(2-myy)-1-y-1H-y-3-

y]-1-y-m) – 1 Fbuy 2012 –

F

6. N -propylamphetamine (N-(1-y-2-y)

-1-m) – 3 Fbu y 2012 – Aus

7. 3-( p-Methoxybenzoyl)-N -methylindole – 3 Fbuy

2012 – Aus

8. trans-Diastereomer of CP 47,497-C8 homologue – 3

Fbuy 2012 – Aus

9. 1-Cyclohexyl- x -methoxybenzene – 3 Fbuy 2012

– Aus

10. 3-Fluoro-isomethcathinone (1-(3-uy)-1-

(mym)-2-) – 13 Fbuy 2012 –

Cz Rub

11. 1-(3-Methylbenzyl)piperazine – 17 Fbuy 2012

– S

12. 2-Fluoroamphetamine (1-(2-uy)-2-

m) – 21 Fbuy 2012 – S

13. Tienoamphetamine (1-(-2-y)-2-m)

– 24 Fbuy 2012 – Cz Rub

Annexes

Annex 1. New psychoactive substances notifed to the EMCDDA and Europol or the frst

time in 2012 under the terms o Council Decision 2005/387/JHA

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31

Annexes

43. AM-694 methyl substituted for iodine

(1-(5-uy)-3-(2-mybzy)) – 18

Juy 2012 – U Kgm

44. AM-694 ethyl substituted for iodine

(1-(5-uy)-3-(2-ybzy)) – 18 Juy

2012 – U Kgm

45. JWH-018 N -(5-chloropentyl) derivative

([1-(5-y)-1H--3-y](-1-y)

m) – 31 Juy 2012 – Gmy

46. JWH-018 N -(5-bromopentyl) derivative

([1-(5-bmy)-1H--3-y](-1-y)

m) – 31 Juy 2012 – Gmy

47. AH-7921 (3,4--N-[[1-(mym)

yxy]my]bzm) – 2 Augus 2012 –

U Kgm

48. 4-AcO-DP (4-xy-N,N-yym) – 21

Augus 2012 – F

49. Pyrazolam (8-bm-1-my-6-y-4H- [1,2,4]

z[4,3a][1,4]bzz) – 22 Augus 2012

– F

50. 2-MeO-Ketamine (2-(2-mxyy)-2-

(mym)yx) – 30 Augus 2012 –

S

51. Hydroxyamphetamine (4-(2-my)) – 5

Smb 2012 – P

52. 3-Methylmethcathinone / 3-MMC (1-(3-myy)-

2-(mym)-1-) – 5 Smb 2012

– S

53. N-Ethylnorketamine (2-(2-y)-2-(ym)

yx) – 17 Smb 2012 – U

Kgm

54. 5-APDI (1-(2,3-y-1H--5-y)-2-m)

– 17 Smb 2012 – U Kgm

55. AM-1248 (1-[(N-my-2-y)my]-3-

(m-1-y)) – 24 Smb 2012 –

Gmy

56. AKB-48F (N-(1-my)-1-(5-uy)-1H-

z-3-bxm) – 27 Smb 2012 –

Lv

57. AM-2201 indazolecarboxamide analogue (N-1-

y-1-(5-uy)-1H-z-3-

bxm – 30 Ob 2012 – F

27. 2,4,5-rimethylmethcathinone / 2,4,5-MMC

(2-mym-1-(2,4,5-myy)-1-

)) – 8 My 2012 – Gmy

28. APINACA (N-(1-my)-1-y-1 H-z-3-

bxm) – 21 My 2012 – Bug

29. 5-I (5-(2-my)) – 1 Ju 2012 –

Ny

30. Zopiclone (6-(5--2-yy)-6,7-y-7-x-5H-

y[3,4-b]yz-5-y 4-myz-1-

bxy) – 1 Ju 2012 – U Kgm

31. UR-144 (-2H) ([1-(-4--1-y)-1H--3-y]

(2,2,3,3-myyy)m) – 14 Ju

2012 – F

32. 25I-NBOMe (4--2,5-mxy-N-(2-

mxybzy)ym) – 21 Ju 2012 –

S

33. 4-HO-DP (4-yxy-N,N-yym) – 21

Ju 2012 – S

34. 5-MeO-ME (5-mxy-N-y-N-my-ym)

– 21 Ju 2012 – S

35. SS-135 (N-(1-my)-1-(5-uy)-1H-

-3-bxm) – 26 Ju 2012 – Hugy

36. MPHP (1-(4-myy)-2-(y-1-y)-x-1-

) – 26 Ju 2012 – S

37. APICA (N-(1-my)-1-y-1 H--3-

bxm) – 13 Juy 2012 – F

38. JWH-018 carboxamide derivative (1-y-N-

(-1-y)-1H--3-bxm) – 16 Juy

2012 – F

39. MDDM (3,4-myxy-N,N-mymm) – 17 Juy 2012 – Aus

40. MAM-2201 chloropentyl derivative

([1-(5-y)-1H--3-y](4-my-1-

y)m) – 18 Juy 2012 – U

Kgm

41. JWH-122 pentenyl 2-methylindole derivative

((4-my-1-y)[2-my-1-(-4--1-y)-

1H--3-y)]m) – 18 Juy 2012 – U

Kgm

42. JWH-122 pentenyl derivative ((4-my-1-

y)(1-(-4--1-y)-1 H--3-y)m) – 18

Juy 2012 – U Kgm

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


32


65. 4-CA/4-chloroamphetamine(1-(4-y)

-2-m) – 7 Dmb 2012 – Hugy

66. 25B-NBOMe (2-(4-bm-2,5-mxyy)-N-(2-

mxybzy)m) – 6 Dmb 2012

– S

67. 2C-G (1-(2,5-mxy-3,4-myy)-2-

m) – 6 Dmb 2012 – P

68. 2C-N (2,5-mxy-4-ym) – 6

Dmb 2012 – P

69. 25E-NBOMe (2-(4-y-2,5-mxyy)-N-[(2-

mxyy)my]m) – 6 Dmb

2012 – P

70. 25G-NBOMe (2-(2,5-mxyy-3,4-my)-

N-[(2-mxyy)my]m) – 6

Dmb 2012 – P

71. 25N-NBOMe (2-(2,5-mxyy-4-)- N-[(2-

mxyy)my]m) – 6 Dmb

2012 – P

72. 4-Methylaminorex p-methyl derivative – 10 Dmb

2012 – Ns

73. 4-Methylphendimetrazine – 12 Dmb 2012

– P

58. JWH-018 carboxylate analogue, quinolinyl derivative

(qu-8-y 1-y-1H--3-bxy) – 20

Nvmb 2012 – F

59. AB-0 05 ([1-[(1-my-2-y)my]-1 H--

3-y](2,2,3,3-myyy)m) – 20

Nvmb 2012 – Gmy

60. AB-0 05 azepane isomer ((1-(1-myz-2-y)-1H-

-3-y)(2,2,3,3-myyy)m)

– 20 Nvmb 2012 – Gmy

61. 4-HMPIPO (4-yxy-3,3,4-my-1-(1-y-1H-

-3-y)-1-) – 30 Nvmb 2012 –

S

62. (Iso)butyryl-F-fentanyl N-benzyl analogue (N-(1-

bzy-4-y)- N-( x -uy)-bum)

– 4 Dmb 2012 – F

63. (Iso)butyryl fentanyl (2-my-N-y-N-[1-(1-

y-2-y)-4-y]m) – 4

Dmb 2012 – F

64. UR-144 N-(5-chloropentyl) analogue

((1-(5-y)-1H--3-y)

(2,2,3,3-myyy)m) – 7

Dmb 2012 – Hugy

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33

Annexes

Annex 2. New psychoactive substances in the category o miscellaneous ‘others’ that were

notifed to the EMCDDA and Europol or the frst time in 2012 under the terms o

Council Decision 2005/387/JHA

Name Annex 1 ref ype of substance

3-MO-PCP2-MO-kmN-ykm

215053

Amyxs

ZPyzm

3049

M us

5-APDI 54 Ayym (y vv mkybzu)

5-APDB6-APDB

1517

Ayym (mkybzu)

4-Mymz 73 Dvv m u

ECX 19 Akyy yx

4-Mymx -my vv 72 Dvv m u

Tmm 13 Ayym ( vv mm)

AH-7921 47 N gs (yxymybzm)

Pbu 16 Dvv gmm-m buy

4-Fu 20 Dvv

(Is)buyy y 63 N gs (vv y)

5-I 29 Subsu

1-Cyxy-x-mxybz

(Is)buyy-F-y N-bzy gu

9

62

P ms uss ugs

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


34


New psychoactive substance (Council Decision

2005/387/JHA)

Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA b s ,

, 1997 J A. Lk J A,

ks U Ns ug Cvs s

, b s Cu

Ds (A 2)

syv subs (A 3).

Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA (57) s

syv subs s ‘ ug sy ug u m , s

b su u 1961 U Ns Sg

Cv N Dugs, my s

ub mb subss s

Su I, II IV’ ( ug) ‘u 1971

U Ns Cv Psy Subss,

my s ub mb

subss s Su I, II, III IV’ (

sy ug). A s s ‘ mxu

g syv subs’ (A 3).

T g s s umb ms,

xm, subss y s u UN

Cvs by xu m s

Cu Ds. A m 1997

J A s us ugs (1961 UN

Cv) sy subss s

mb s subss s Sus III

IV 1971 UN Cv.

‘Ts Ds s -us, s s m

uss s Cu Rgu (EEC) N

3677/90 13 Dmb 1990 yg msus b k sug vs subss

muu ugs sy

subss (58), Rgu (EC) N 273/2004

T J A 97/396/JHA Cu Ds

2005/387/JHA v gy bg s

subss y v; v, umb

ms mm usg s my us

us. F xm, s sy,

syv subss v b s

‘sg ugs’ ug y m ‘g gs’ s

us m . Mu v xss b s ms

bu uss s g

s.

T m ‘’ s s

xusvy y v y syss

subss, bu su b us s ‘y

vb’ ‘y msus’.

New synthetic drug (Joint Action 97/396/JHA)

T 1997 J A 97/396/JHA (53)

sy ugs ‘ uy s y

Sus 1971 U Ns Cv

Psy Subss (54), s mb sus ub s

subss s Sus I II

v m u vu’ (A 2).

T J A ‘s -us, s s m

uss s Cu Rgu (EEC) N

3677/90 13 Dmb 1990 yg msus

b k sug vs subss

muu ugs sy

subss (55) Cu Dv 92/109/EEC 14

Dmb 1992 muu g mk subss us muu

ugs sy subss (56) v

Cmmuy gm’ (A 2).

(53) J A 97/396/JHA 16 Ju 1997 by Cu bss A K.3 y Eu U, g

m xg, sk ssssm sy ugs. OJ L 167, 25.06.1997, . 1.

(54) 1971 U Ns Cv Psy Subss.

(55) Cu Rgu (EEC) N 3677/90 13 Dmb 1990 yg msus b k sug vs

subss muu ugs sy subss. OJ L 357, 20.12.1990, . 1. Rgu s s m

by Cmmss Rgu (EEC) N 3769/92 (OJ L 383, 29. 12. 1992, . 17).

(56) Cu Dv 92/109/EEC 14 Dmb 1992 muu g mk subss us

muu ugs sy subss. OJ L 370, 19.12.1992, . 76. Dv s m by Dv 93/46/EEC(OJ L 159, 1. 7. 1993, . 134).

(57) Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA 10 My 2005 m xg, sk-ssssm syv subss,

OJ L 127, 20.5.2005, . 32.

(58) OJ L 357, 20.12.1990, . 1. Rgu s s m by Cmmss Rgu (EC) N 1232/2002 (OJ L 180, 10.7.2002, . 5).

Annex 3. Legal and working defnitions used by the EMCDDA to classiy

and describe new drugs

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35

Annexes

mk, s, s- ‘g gs’, s

m y. A u vm s m s

- syv ms

mk. T y sm s ugs mk sbu s s bmg m

ss. Ts us vsm s

mk, su s ug I ( vy

v u s svs), s s s ‘bks

m’ ss.

‘Designer drugs’

T y ugs u, mk

su sgy. Sm s y

ug mk. H, y my b u mm uss u s vyg

sz ss. I s, s v yy

b s ‘sg ugs’ (62) — ugs

y sg mm s

ugs bu by sgy g m suu y

umv xsg s. Exms u PMMA

(para-mxymm) 2C-I (2,5-mxy-4-

ym), ss

EU bus m y s. N ugs s s

mk my s b b s kg m

buk subss bug m gm sus;

s u mCPP BZP.

B uss subss msvs v b

su m us m Eu. Ts

mk s ym, su us gg v

m . W su us uss

u, sm ss, us s

s I by m sus b

bs C.

Ov, s ugs bv b gy us

suusy by us s ms sbs ugs my b s suy,

su s MDMA (ssy). Ts sus s su by

g my m u s bs us

sm gs s ssy bs. I sm ss,

ugs my s b u mb

ugs, ssby m ‘buk u’ ug

by u mu ug. A xm

b uss s 2004 z

Eu Pm Cu 11 Fbuy

2004 ug uss (59) v Cmmuy

gm’ (A 2).

‘T syv subss v by s Ds

my u m us s Dv

2001/82/EC Eu Pm Cu

6 Nvmb 2001 Cmmuy C g

vy m us (60) Dv

2001/83/EC Eu Pm Cu

6 Nvmb 2001 Cmmuy C g

m us um us (61)’ ( 5

Cu Ds). Hv, ‘subss

sbs kg m vu

xu m msus bs s Ds’

( 8 Cu Ds) s

syv subss us muu m

u (A 7.3).

New drugs

N syv subss ( ugs) mk u

b g subss u

ug s. O y mm

s xsg ugs. Ts s

my my sm

ugs, bu, sm m, suy y

us s ug s. I , gg

umb subss m y m

ms, ug smus subss mm

s bs s, v s y b

.

T m ‘’ s s subss

ug mk y msus. My ugs

v vusy b sb s

u s gm s vm.

Sm v b us xms sg bus mx sgg ys u bs,

s v b su s ms.

Hv, mm u s s usuy m

m bu s s ugs ums

ms y my us. Nss, s

s vv suyg subss

sgy sg s u

ugs. Sm s s y

(59) OJ L 47, 18.2.2004, . 1.

(60

) OJ L 311, 28.11.2001, . 1. Dv s s m by Dv 2004/28/EC (OJ L 136, 30.4.2004, . 58).(61) OJ L 311, 28.11.2001, . 67. Dv s s m by Dv 2004/27/EC (OJ L 136, 30.4.2004, . 34).

(62) T m ‘sg ugs’ mg 1980s sm v y mus bm uy u

mg ‘ssy’ mus (MDMA, MDA, MDE, ) ug mk, ug sy skg s ugs u

g b m ‘sg ug’ bm u.

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36


kgg s subss v s b sz

EU.

As mkg sgy m

ugs, sbus s my us ms

‘g g’ us u , su k,

ugs: ‘S b’ ‘Xy’

‘Dvs R’ (63) MDMA. Cmm s ms

ugs s us (.g. g us

‘C’, s s s m ). T

v s b ms v sums by

mkg sy ugs s ‘u’ b us, su

s s ‘S’ us sy

bs. I mjy su ss, subss

s u kgg. I s s

s xg I s v mkg s ‘g gs’.

Imy, sm ss s y us

bu s buk qus subss, sumby

s. I s us, I

s us g mkg qus. My us

u sg ‘g gs’ g

ms ugs. S m s

us mkg . Ts us sg vs

Yuub ‘ ’ usg ugs vg

s. Sm s s mus svs,

y us ugs s mm. I sm

ss, s vs s s ‘b’ ‘’ vs

mss s ugs.

T ‘g gs’ mk s s by s

sus umv ug s by g

vs s us vsg m

m mkg sgs.

Fy, m ‘g gs’ s us

m, s subs, smy

‘S’ m, s us sb

mkg s b us g syb gss.

A u ms ug m s

gg umb syv ms bg

msus. Sm s us s m

us EU (su s gb)

v m gu mk m m

us. Ty my s u subss us

s EU, su s zm

zm (bzzs).

vv mCPP bs s s ssy. O ssb

s mg mCPP s s

vby m uss us syss

MDMA. Ts, u mCPP s mm sm subjv s MDMA

u b gy su Eu s, my v

m v subsu us. Smy,

ug BZP m m s ‘y s’, s

mmy s ‘g gs’ mk s su,

sm bs sz mk

y b s s ssy, bg y

ssy gs. I s s m sm

s subss s s s ugs

g (.g. 2C-B, s k s ‘Nxus’, s u

) s ‘s y’ ssy (su

s mCPP).

‘Legal highs’

A gu syv subss —

s- ‘g gs’ — gy su s s

ms ugs mk by

xg xsg s. Ts gu us g

sy -v subss s

s b us. Ty s smms s

mb subss. Ts my b

m b mm s ugs, v v syv s, s su

m b subsu. Ts

s- ‘g gs’ usuy s ug I

‘bks m’ ss. Ty my s b

s by s-v ug s. Msy, y vs

ggssv vv mkg sgs. O,

sgus y syv

ugs, umv ‘gy s’ sum

mkg gus, y s u vus

u bs, ug ‘s ms’, ‘b ss’

‘ ’, usuy myg

sm y um

sum. Hv, sbg s subss s

‘g’ my b sy , s sm my b gu

by ms, sy sum

s; sm my v ugs.

Im m b szus m

vsgs EU Mmb Ss

subss s s ‘g gs’ yy m,

smms mu-kgm qus, m C ,

ss g, I. Mv, s ssg

(63) ‘Dvs’ s s m ssy.

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37

• Pzs s by mCPP (1-(3-y)

z) BZP (1-bzyz), b

smus.

• Cs v smu s. T m

vvs sm-sy m

sy mus m, my

MDPV (3,4-myxyyv).

• Sy bs s sm u sms

Δ9-yb (HC), v

bs. Lk HC, y v sv, ss

ug s. Ty v b b smkg mxus su s ‘S’ s s ss

mm bs s.

• O subss EWS u vus

-v sy syv subss

(.g. s, bzuys, gss,

sy vvs, km

y vvs), sy bg

y vus ms. As u

umb m us vvs.

I s sy su gs

syv subss bs m suu

(.. by m ms, s b b). Exs

s gu sy bs,

uy gs bs m

gu msus ‘s’ (s 3.1.6). Dsb

b m ms syv subss

ug EU Ey g sysm (EWS)

. F u s s gs s

EMCDDA ug s (64).

• Pyms mss g subss my xb smu, g ug

s. Exms u sy subss

mm, mmm, MDMA

(3,4-myxymmm) ms

( us uy).

• yms u umb subss v

my ug s. T m

svs uy ug mus

myym (DM), s syb (u

ug musms) s s sm-

sy ysg ym (LSD).

Annex 4. Main groups o new psychoactive substances monitored by

the EU Early warning system

(64) Avb : ://.m.u.u/ubs/ug-s

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38


F

a m i l y

P a r e n t

c o m p o u n d

C h e m i c a l s t r u c t u r e o

t h e p a r e n t c o m p o u n d

E e c t s

R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s

N o o s u

b s t a n c e s

n o t i f e d (

2 0 0 5 –

1 2 )

P h e n e t h y l a m i n e s

p h e n e t h y l a m i n e ( N )

s t i m u l a n t a n d / o r

h a l l u c i n o g e n i c

a

m p h e t a m i n e ,

m

e t h a m p h e t a m i n e , M

D M A ,

m

e s c a l i n e ( N )

4

0

T r y p t a m i n

e s

t r y p t a m i n e ( N )


p

s i l o c i n a n d p s i l o c y b i n ( N ) ,

d

i m e t h y l t r y p t a m i n e / D M T ,

l y s e r g i d e / L S D ( S )

1

6

P i p e r a z i n e s

p i p e r a z i n e

s t i m u l a n t

m

C P P , B

Z P ,

T F M P P

9

C a t h i n o n e s

c a t h i n o n e ( N )

s t i m u l a n t

c

a t h i n o n e ( N ) ,

m

e p h e d r o n e , m e t h y l o n e ,

m

e t h c a t h i n o n e ( S )

3

9

S y n t h e t i c

c a n n a b i n o i d s

N / A – t h e c a t e g o r y i n c l u d e s a n u m b e r o

c h e m i c a l l y u n r e l a t e d b u t u n c t i o n a l l y s i m i l a r

a m i l i e s o c a n n a b i n o i d

r e c e p t o r a g o n i s t s t h a t

m i m i c t h e e f e c t s o Δ 9

– T H C

N /

A

d e p r e s s a n t , s e d a t i v e ,


J

W H - 0 1 8 ,

C

P 4 7 , 4

9 7 ,

H

U - 2 1 0

7

4

M i s c e l l a n

e o u s

s u b s t a n c e s

N / A – t h e c a t e g o r y i n c l u d e s n e w p s y c h o a c t i v e

p l a n t s a s w e l l a s s y n t h e t i c p s y c h o a c t i v e

s u b s t a n c e s ,

d e r i v a t i v e s

o w e l l - e s t a b l i s h e d d r u g s

n o t b e l o n g i n g t o a n y o

t h e a m i l i e s l i s t e d a b o v e ,

d e s i g n e r m e d i c i n e s , n a

r c o t i c a n a l g e s i c s , e t c .

N /

A

s t i m u l a n t ,

h a l l u c i n o g e n i c ,

n a r c o t i c a n a l g e s i c /

o p i a t e ,

d e p r e s s a n t , e t c .

N

/ A

5

8

( N ) n a t u r a l l y o c c u r r i n g ,

( S ) s e m i - s y n t h e t i c ,

( N / A ) n o n a p p l i c a

b l e

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39

Appendix

Cu Ds 2005/387/JHA 10 My 2005

m xg, sk-ssssm

syv subss, OJ L 127,

20.5.2005, . 32.

Avb :

://u-x.u.u/LxUSv/LxUSv.

?u=CELEX:32005D0387:EN:HML

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32005D0387:EN:HTML




7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


Eu Mg C Dugs Dug A

Eu


EMCDDA-Europol 2012 Annual Report on the

implementation o Council Decision 2005/387/JHA

Luxmbug: Pubs O Eu U

2013 — 39 . — 21 × 29.7 m

ISBN: 978-92-9168-650-6

:10.2810/99367

7/28/2019 OEDT130528AJR.pdf


How to obtain EU publications

Our priced publications are available rom EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu/),where you can place an order with the sales agent o your choice.

Te Publications Ofce has a worldwide network o sales agents. You can obtain their

contact details by sending a ax to (352) 29 29-42758.

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T D-A N -1 3 - 0 0 1 -E N -N About this report

Te unprecedented growth in the number, type and availability o new drugs over the past

ew years has seen the phenomenon take on global signicance. Overall, the number o

substances notied in the last two years accounts or more than hal o the total number o

substances notied to the EU Early warning system since May 2005. Driven by globalisation,

technological advancement and the Internet, an open market or new drugs has now

developed which presents challenges to public health, law enorcement and policy making.

Te rapid appearance o non-controlled alternatives to controlled drugs underlines the ability

o the market to respond to changes in the legal status o psychoactive substances and has

been accompanied, in some cases, by serious adverse health consequences. It is well

established that organised crime is involved in some o these activities and continues to

exploit the opportunities presented by the market in new drugs. Tis report presents the key

activities perormed by the EMCDDA and Europol in 2012 and includes details o all the

relevant activities in support o the implementation o Council Decision 2005/387/JHA on

the inormation exchange, risk assessment and control o new psychoactive substances.

About the EMCDDA

Te European Monitoring Centre or Drugs and Drug

Addiction (EMCDDA) is the hub o drug-related

inormation in Europe. Its mission is to provide the EU

and its Member States with ‘actual, objective,

reliable and comparable inormation’ on drugs, drug

addiction and their consequences. Established in

1993, it opened its doors in Lisbon in 1995 and is

one o the EU’s decentralised agencies. With a strong

multidisciplinary team, the agency oers

policymakers the evidence base they need ordrawing up drug laws and strategies. It also helps

proessionals and researchers pinpoint best practice

and new areas or analysis. As well as gathering

inormation on the demand and reduction o the

demand or drugs, the agency in recent years has

extended its monitoring and reporting on drug

supply, supply reduction and illicit drug markets.

www.emcdda.europa.eu

About Europol

Europol is the European Union’s law enorcement

agency. Its aim is to improve the eectiveness o, and

cooperation between, the competent authorities in

the EU Member States in preventing and combating

serious international organised crime and terrorism.

Operational since 1999 and based in Te Hague, the

organisation employs some 600 sta to support

national law-enorcement agencies in their everyday

work, including eorts to tackle illicit drug trafcking,

money laundering, cyber crime and terrorism.Europol comes into play when an organised criminal

structure is involved and two or more EU Member

States are aected. Among others, it acilitates

cross-country inormation exchange and provides

analysis o operations.

www.europol.europa.eu

http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/

http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/

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