ONION PLANT BREEDING

WORO RUKMI P H 0810122YENY WIDYASTUTI H

0810124YESI KRISTA K H

0810125

MALE STERILE TRANSFER FROM BOMBAY ONION INTO ONION AND MALE STERILE INHERITANCE

Use/Role/Economic Value of PlantOnion has high economic value because it is used as the main ingredient of cooking spice and processed taste enhance.

The volatile oil contained in the onion can kill most staphylococcus and also streptococcus microbes that can cause thorax and pharynx inflammation.

It can also kill diphtheria microbe, dysentery amoeba, and TBC microbe.

The Problems Of Plant Breeding

The use of male sterile is the main condition to produce an

efficient and commercial hybrid seed of onion, while in

Indonesia, there is no male sterile onion.

OBJECTIVE /GOAL OF PLANT BREEDING

To transfer the male sterile character from Bombay onion to onion and to find out the inheritance pattern of male

sterile character.

Plant Proliferation

Onion proliferates in natural vegetative manner, namely

by lining tuber.

Classification

Kingdom : Plantae (Tumbuhan)Subkingdom : Tracheobionta (Tumbuhanberpembuluh)Super Divisi : Spermatophyta (Menghasilkan biji)Divisi : Magnoliophyta (Tumbuhan berbunga)Kelas : Liliopsida (berkeping satu / monokotil)Sub Kelas : LiliidaeOrdo : LilialesFamili : Liliaceae (suku bawang-bawangan)Genus : AlliumSpesies : Allium cepa

Plant GeneticsGenotype of onion normal tuber is

NMsMs, NMsms, and Nmsms.

Genotype of Bombay onion’s male sterile is Smsms.

If Smsms X Nmsms, all of springs F1 will be male sterile

EXPERIMENT MATERIALSThe experiment materials used were :three genotypes of Bombay onion tuber as the male sterile elder or (PA): 8901, 8907, and 8908; three genotypes of onion tuber as the normal elder (PB): Cipanas 86, Cipanas 88, anda Maja; nine genotype of F1 tuber (product of crossbreeding PA1,2,3 X PB 1,2,3) and three genotypes of S1 tuber (product of normal elder breeding only).

PLANT BREEDING METHOD Crossbreeding to obtain F1 and S1

is by planting male sterile elder seed tuber and normal elder. All seed tuber is vernalized for 3 weeks before planted at temperature 5oC-10oC. The variable observed is, anther shape and color; microscopic observation during meiosis of pollen cell, pollen shape and color, pollen viability (marked with the pollen germination).

RESULTThe population of F1 the product

of male sterile elder and normal elder crossbreeding show 94%-100% clear categorized into sterile. Thus, all of F1 plant populations belong to male sterile or homogeneous population. Male sterile is controlled by the result of recessive gene interaction in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

CONCLUSION The transfer of male sterile

characters from Bombay onion 8901, 8907, and 8098 to onion Cip 86, Cip 88, and Maja has been successful with the male sterile character inherited cytoplasmically.

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