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OPEN & AGILESMART CITIES
AUAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Martin Brynskov
@brynskov
Chair, Connected Smart Cities Network
www.connectedsmartcities.org
2013 20132000
Senseable CityMIT, 2004
Transdisciplinary research group that studies the interface between cities, people and technologies and investigates how the ubiquity of digital devices and the telecommunications networks that augment our cities are impacting urban living.
Smarter Planet2008
Wollenberg B. (2005)Term ‘Smart Grid’ is born in September 2005.
Smart Grid
Urban MediaFaçades
It is a community that has made a conscious effort to use information technology to transform life and work within its region in significant and fundamental, rather than incremental, ways.
1960 1970 1980 1990
Livable Cities1980s
The Plug-in City is set up by applying a large scale network-structure, containing access ways and essential services, to any terrain.
Peter Cook, 1964
Walking City imagines a future in which borders and boundaries are abandoned in favour of a nomadic lifestyle among groups of people worldwide.
Ron Herron, 1964
Initially ICs have been defined as virtual reconstructions of cities, as virtual cities. (Droege, 1997)
The term ICs has been used broadly as an equivalent of:
TeleCity Siembab (1997)Incorporates the capabilities of information technologies in order to support a high amenity life style that is economically and environmentally sustainable
Teletopia Eger (2005)Telecommunications Utopia is a term first coined by the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications to describe what 21st Century Japan would look like when its new broadband communica-tions infrastructure was in place.
Informational CityCastlells M. (1992)The city is an image of society, with all its diversities, ongoing processes, contradictions, struggles and asymmetries, and 'The Informational City' is therefore 'the global society' of the information age.
Plug-in City
Walking City
The city is “both a social and spatial ‘coming together’ of difference and diversity, chaos and order, fascination and intrigue - a sensual delight, at the same ´time challenging notions of tolerance and feelings of belonging.
Layered CityThompson S. (1994)
Komninos N. (2002)
Digital cities can be consid-ered as an attempt to build new secure public spaces and regain some characteristic of the cities as places for communication, interactions, economic opportunities, and social and cultural activities.
All intelligent cities are digital cities, but all digital cities are not intelligent. The difference is in the problem solving capability of intelligent cities, while the ability of digital cities is in the provision of services via digital communication.
Besselaar P.The first Digital City (DDS) was launched in Amsterdam in 1993.The name was chosen to emphasize the idea of a digital public space where people would meet and communicate.
Couclelis H. (2004)Comprehensive web‐based representation, or reproduc-tion, of several aspects or functions of a specific real city, open to non‐experts.
Intelligent Cities (ICs)Emerged late 1980s
Ambient CitiesEmerged late 1990s
Digital Cities Emerged early 1990sGraham S. (1997)
Smart Cities Emerged Late 1990sKomninos, 2002
CCTVRoberts P. (1980s)Embedding of CCTV technology into urban areas
Invisible City
Digital City
1993Late80s
Late90s
Late90s
In order for ‘digital’ cities to become ‘smart’ cities they therefore need to incorporate a new category of applica-tions; that of the real community of people and producers characterised by a high level of knowledge and innovation use.
To differentiate the ‘digital’ city from the ‘smart’ city, every digital city is not intelligent, but every intelligent or ‘smart’ city has a digital component
A Smart CommunitySmart Communities, 2001
ISTAG (1999)People will be surrounded by intelligent and intuitive interfaces embedded in everyday objects around us and an environment recognizing and responding to the presence of individuals in an invisible way.
The term was coined by Mark Weiser in his 1991 article “The computer for the 21st century”
Crang and Graham, 2007The ambient city can be seen as an urban environment which contains different ubiquitous computing technologies
> 100 Digital Cities in20 EU countries in 2003Caire P. (2009)
European Digital Cities programme launched in1996 Caire P. (2009)
Cyberville
Wired City
200520031991
Ubiquitous CitiesEmerged in 2005Myung‐Je (2009)The term ubiquitous city was first used by South Korea after adopting the ubiquitous computing concept from the US and deciding to create the world’s first U‐City.
The term first used in 2003 by Eric Paulos
An umbrella term for installations in which displays are integrated into architectural structures
Korean U‐City Association (2003)U‐Cities to help all residents, everywhere, not just private customers, or residents using personal computers at home, with the aim of enriching life, reducing congestion and enhancing environmental sustainability
Amplified City Falk (1999)The use of ubiquitous technology in public spaces also enables the city to move beyond mixed or augmented reality environments towards an amplified city, where objects express additional information about themselves to other objects, residents and users.
Ubiquitous Computing
Urban Computing
Virtual City
Urban GamingThe first Urban Gaming Club was founded in 2006.
AUAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Plug-in City Wired City Virtual City
u-City Intelligent City
Digital City
Smart City
CITY MAKING
IN THE AGE OF
DIGITAL TRANSITION
80%OF WORLD GDP
557,000LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
€ 3,500 BCITY BUYING POWER
Giffinger, Cohen a.o.
Two smart cities
CLASSIC HOLISTIC
Airbnb
Bitcoin
Estonia
DIGITAL TRANSITION
• political vision
• organizing across
silos
• mobility
• law
• (self)surveillance
• resource sharing /
commons
• IT infrastructure
• tools for co-
creation
• finansing
• growth
• city-collaboration
• climate measures/
resilience
• (pre-)procurement
• competence
building/education
• development
methods
• utilities
NICE CITIES
JOBS & GROWTH
THE BIG BANG RISK
(IC4 ETC.)
A NEW PARADIGM IN CITY MAKING
• European
• Holistic
• Co-creation
THE
SYSTEMATIC
EXPERIMENT
SMART CITIES NEED
• Interoperability
• Standards
SMART CITIES NEED
• Interoperability
• Standards
Digital Single Market (#3)
OPEN & AGILE
SMART CITIES
CSC Network Board• C–Martin Brynskov – DK / Network / Aarhus
• VC–Pieter Ballon – BE / Brussels
• VC–Katalin Gallyas – NL / Amsterdam
• VC–Jarmo Eskelinen – FI / Helsinki
• Juanjo Hierro – ES / Network
• Dan Hill – UK / Network / London
• Luis Muñoz – ES / Santander
• Álvaro de Oliveira – PT / Network
• Martin Serrano – IE / Galway
JANUARY 2015
• 3+1 mechanisms
• 2 cities/country
• 1 year
• OASC Task Force
OPEN & AGILE SMART CITIES
• API: NGSI
• Data models: CitySDK
• Platform: CKAN
• Driven-by-implementation
OPEN & AGILE SMART CITIES
1st wave · March 16, 2015
31
cities
7
countries in Europe and Brazil
OPEN & AGILE SMART CITIES
OPEN & AGILE SMART CITIES
1st Wave · March 2015
Open & Agile Smart Cities 1st Wave
March 16, 2015 The 31 cities from 7 countries from Europe and Latin America listed below have signed the OASC Letter of Intent and will be presented during the announcement at CeBIT in Hannover, Germany on Monday, March 16, 2015. The OASC initiative is governed by the Open & Agile Smart Cities Task Force, overseen by the Connected Smart Cities Network Board. Two documents are the foundation of the OASC initiative: the Background Document and the Letter of Intent. Please refer to www.connectedsmartcities.org for further information, including these documents. Martin Brynskov Chair, Connected Smart Cities FINLAND
• Helsinki • Tampere • Oulu • Espoo • Vantaa • Turku
DENMARK
• Copenhagen • Aarhus • Aalborg
SPAIN
• Valencia • Santander • Malaga • Sevilla
BELGIUM • Brussels • Ghent • Antwerp
ITALY
• Milan • Palermo • Lecce
PORTUGAL
• Lisbon • Porto • Penala • Fundão • Palmela • Águeda
BRAZIL • Olinda (Recife) • Anapólis (Goiás) • Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul) • Vitória (Espírito Santo) • Colinas de Tocantins (Tocantins) • Taquaritinga (São Paulo)
CeBIT, MARCH 2015
2nd wave · soon!
3rd wave · November, 2015
OPEN & AGILE SMART CITIES
AUAARHUS UNIVERSITY
CO-CREATING CITIES OF THE FUTURE
• London, UK
• Santander, ES
• Aarhus, DK
Experimentation-as-a-Service
AUAARHUS UNIVERSITY
(15 partners (€7.2 M (€1.8 M)
2 open calls 36 months 2015-17
Horizon 2020 ICT-11a FIRE+ (RIA)
KEY INNOVATIONS
• Easy experimentation
• Co-creation tools
• Federated privacy
• IPR in co-creation
• De facto standards
32AU
AARHUS UNIVERSITY
OPEN & AGILESMART CITIES
AUAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Martin Brynskov
@brynskov
Chair, Connected Smart Cities Network
www.connectedsmartcities.org
Associate Professor
Aarhus University, AU Smart Cities
