Opening Agenda• Things To Get:

• Buddhism Learning Guide• Overview of Buddhism Article

• Both documents are on the table in the front of the room

• Things to Do:– Opener:

– Review Buddhism– Notes:

– Graphic Organizer Completion: Chinese Dynasties– Activity:

– Pagoda Analysis Assignment– Scroll Painting Activity

– Exit:

review

Opener- Buddhism

• Read the article and complete the chart on your Learning Guide.

Buddhism Overview Complete your chart!

• Adherents Worldwide– 360 million

• Origins and History– Founded by Siddharta Gautama (the Buddha) in c. 520 BC– India.

• Texts– Tripitaka Koreana - collection of the Buddhist scriptures carved onto 81,258 wooden

printing blocks from the 13th century. It is the world's most comprehensive and oldest intact version of Buddhist Proverbs/Teachings

• Gods and Universe– Varies: Theravada atheistic; Mahayana more polytheistic. Buddha taught nothing is

permanent.– Buddha

• Human Situation and Life’s Purpose– Four Noble Truths– Purpose is to avoid suffering and gain enlightenment and release from cycle of rebirth, or

at least attain a better rebirth by gaining merit. • Afterlife

– Reincarnation (understood differently than in Hinduism, no surviving soul) until enlightenment was gained

• Practice– Meditation– Follow the Middle Way to attain the Eightfold Path

Class Overview• Objective:

– To gain an understanding of the effect of Buddhism on architecture in China

• By the end of class, you will have analyzed a pagoda to demonstrate your understanding of how a pagoda illustrates Chinese and Buddhist time, place, and ideas.

China

中国Middle Kingdom

Dynasty Review

Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC

Qin Dynasty• History

– First imperial dynasty in China– Achieved increased trade, improved

agriculture, and military security– Created a centralized government– Allowed for the construction of the Great

Wall of China– Introduced several reforms: currency,

weights and measures were standardized, and a better system of writing was established.

– An attempt to purge all traces of the old dynasties led to the infamous burning of books and burying of scholars incident, which has been criticized greatly by subsequent scholars. • Much of the Han Dynasty was spent trying to

recover the works that were lost during this period.

Qin Dynasty• Art• "Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses", is a collection

of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China.

• Ceremonial art whose purpose was to protect the emperor in his afterlife.

• The figures vary in height according to their roles, with the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots, and horses.

• Realistic and Individualistic • Estimates state there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130

chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in the pits.– Other terracotta non-military figures were also found in other

pits and they include officials, acrobats, strongmen and musicians.

• The terracotta army figures were manufactured in workshops by government laborers and by local craftsmen.

• The terracotta figures are life-sized. They vary in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank.

• Originally– held real weapons such as spears, swords, or crossbows. – The figures were also originally painted with bright pigments,

variously colored in pink, red, green, blue, black, brown, white and lilac.

Terra cotta warriors

Terra cotta warriors

Han Dynasty 206BC -220AD

Han Dynasty

• History:– “Silk Road”

• the trade routes across the fierce deserts • allowed trade to flourish more easily with

the Roman Empire. • Buddhism comes to China from India-

images of Buddha appear in the art

– People bonded together into one civilization during Han times. They had a common culture.

• Even in remote sections, district officials copied the manner of the imperial court. Peasants built homes and plowed their fields in the same way all over China.

–  Han writing tells us little about their daily life, but Han tombs tell us quite a lot.

• The Hans buried clay models of their homes and belongings, in their tombs. Models included details like little clay furniture and little bronze oil lamps.

Han Dynasty

• Art:– Paper was invented– Craftsmen made jade jewelry and

carvings, gold ornaments and belt hooks, delicate paintings with wire thin brush strokes.

– Glazed pottery was brightly painted with lively hunting scenes, mountains, trees, clouds, dragons, tigers, and bears

– Scroll painting began• Meant to be viewed as it is unrolled• Horizontal or vertical• Image is painted on paper that is applied to

silk. • Calligraphy appears in the upper left hand

corner to describe the work.• Shows the spirit of the subject being

depicted• Subjects include: landscapes, nature, or

people• Scroll paintings are hung in Chinese homes

according to seasons

Chinese Scroll Painting

• Qingming Shanghe Tu Scroll Painting

• Roughly 50 feet in length

• Rolled out a few inches at a time to tell a story.

Six Dynasties 220-586

Six Dynasties• History

– This period immediately followed the fall of the Han Dynasty in 220 AD, and was a period of disunity, instability and warfare. The period ended when Emperor Wen of Sui reunified Southern and Northern China and the Sui Dynasty began.

– The six dynasties were:• Eastern Wu (222–280)• Jin Dynasty (265–420)• Liu Song Dynasty (420–479)• Southern Qi (479–502)• Liang Dynasty (502–557)• Chen Dynasty (557–589)

Six Dynasties• Buddhism flourished during this period and significant works of architecture are created for this religion– Pagodas are large,

elaborately constructed towers that were once used to hold relics of Buddha• Part of a larger

Buddhist complex

Pagoda Analysis Assignment• Objective:

– To demonstrate your understanding of Pagodas and why they are a Buddhist structure

• Assignment:– Complete the back of your

Buddhism Learning guide by following the assignments listed for:• Pagoda shape Analysis• Cultural Context Summary• Pagoda Blueprint

• Time Allotment: 30 min.

Pagoda Analysis:

Foguang Si Pagoda

Cultural Context and Overview:In 1056, the Liao rulers of the Liao

dynasty (907-1125) built the Foguang Si Pagoda, the tallest wooden building ever constructed. Shanxi Provence, China.

This nine-story octagonal pagoda at Yingxian is 216 ft. tall and made entirely of wood. Sixty giant four-tiered bracket clusters carry the floor beams and projecting eaves of the five main stories. They rest on two concentric rings of columns at each level. Alternating main stories and windowless mezzanines with cantilevered balconies, set back farther on each story as the tower rises, form an elevation of nine stories all together. Along with the open veranda on the ground level and the soaring pinnacle, the balconies visually lighten the building’s mass. The cross section of the image on the right shows the symmetrical placement of statues of Buddha inside, the colossal scale of the ground-floor statue, and the intricacy of the beam and bracket system at its most ingenious.

Label each Buddha per level!

Level 9

Level 8

Level 7

Level 6

Level 5

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

Scroll Painting Activity• Objective:

– To create a Chinese scroll painting using watercolors

• Overview: – Images are meant to be viewed as they are unrolled.

Consequently, you must decided whether or not you are going to create a horizontal or vertical scroll painting

– Typically, the designs include subjects such as animals, birds, flowers, people, landscapes, and simple calligraphy that might include inspirational words or messages.

• Assignment: – Determine whether or not you want to create a

vertical or horizontal scroll painting– Decide on a subject matter (use list above)– You must include applicable calligraphy in the upper

left hand corner of your image (one to three characters are appropriate. They are written vertically)

– Your image must fill the entire paper

Helpful Images

animals, birds, flowers, people, landscapes

Exit SlipWrite the answers to these questions on a half sheet of paper.

• 1) Name the three dynasties you learned about today.

• 2) Identify the famous work of art from each of these dynastic periods.

• 3) Identify and describe the important characteristics of each of these works of art.– In other words, what makes this work distinct?