1

Vn hnh khai thc h thng

cp thot nc. Yu cu an ton

Operation of water supply ang drainage systems - Safety requirements

Tiu chun ny l bt buc p dng.

Tiu chun ny thay th cho "Quy phm k thut an ton lao ng trong vn khai thc

cc h thng cp thot nc TCXD 66 : 1977" .

Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu nhm m bo an ton trong vn hnh khai thc

cc thit b, cng trnh (bm cp, bm thi, ng dn, cng v. v..) ca h thng cp

thot nc .

Ngoi vic thc hin cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny cn phi tun th cc ti liu

tiu chun hin hnh c lin quan.

1. Yu cu chung .

1.1. Ch c php a cc h thng cp thot nc vo hot ng khi c y

cc iu kin k thut v cc hip php t chc m bo cho h thng hot ng an

ton trong iu kin bnh thng cng nh khi c s c.

1.2. Ch nhng ngi t 18 tui tr ln, c sc kho, c o to chuyn

mn v c kim tra kin thc v cc bin php k thut an ton, v sinh lao ng

phng chng chy mi c php lm vic trong cc h thng cp thot nc.

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1.3. Cng nhn vn hnh khai thc h thng cp thot nc phi c trang b y

cc phng tin bo v c nhn theo quy nh hin hnh ph hp vi chc danh

ngh nghip -

1.4. Cc gian lm vic phi c chiu sng y c ngy ln m ; chiu

sng cc b khi lm vic ti nhng khu vc m t ca h thng cp thot nc ch

c dng n in di ng c in p khng qu 12V .

1.5. Vic b tr thit b phi m bo s i li, lm vic thun tin v an ton.

1.6. Trong cc gian lm vic ca h thng cp thot nc phi c t thuc cp

cu, chng loi s lng cc loi thuc ph hp vi lng ngi lm vic thng

xuyn v tnh cht ca cc chn thng c th xy ra.

2. Yu cu i vi cng trnh thu nc.

2. 1. Phi thc hin nghim chnh cc quy nh v v sinh mi trng xung quanh

cc cng trnh thu nc trong cp nc "Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh" Tiu

chun thit k TCXD 33 :1985 v thot nc "Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh

Tiu chun thit k TCXD 51 : 1984

2.2. Phi m bo iu kin lm vic an ton v thun tin cho cng nhn vn

hnh v sa cha ging thu, thit b.

Trng hp ming ht t xa b phi c tn hiu v du hiu an ton (c hiu, n

hiu) , cn khi cc cng trnh gn b ,khu vc xung quanh phi c ro chn.

2.3. Khi tin hnh kim tra v sa cha cc cng trnh thu nc phi thc hin cc

yu cu k thut an ton trong cng tc thu vn.

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Trc khi xung ging phi kim tra s c mt ca cc hi kh c, cc kh nguy

him chy n di ging- Trng hp c kh th phi c bin php kh kh.

2.4. Ch nhng ngi bit bi mi c php tin hnh cc cng tc kim tra v

sa cha ming ht ca cc cng trnh thu nc mt. Khi lm vic phi b tr thuyn

cp cu vi y cc phng tin cp cu cn thit (phao bi, v.v...), trn thng

phi c t nht l hai ngi theo di v gip ngi lm vic di nc.

Khi lng sng su, nc chy xit v ming ht su 0,6m tr ln th phi s

dng th ln.

2.5. Vic thau ra li chn rc ming ht c quy nh cho tng trng hp

c th nh sau :

- Khi tc dng nc nh, li su khng qu 2m v t bn th c th ng

trn thuyn tin hnh cng vic.

- Khi dng nc su v chy xit phi dng th ln. i vi li kiu tho c

th tho ln b c ra.

2.6. Khi kim tra v c ra cc b phn lm sch c hc c li quay phi ngt

mch in nh kh c in chuyn dng ( cu dao , aptmt v.v. . .) ng thi phi c

cc bin php phng hin tng ng mch in tnh c hay c (kho hm kh c

in, treo bin "Cm ng in, c ngi ang lm vic") .

Ch c tin hnh cng vic khi li quay dng hon ton.

2.7. Vic lm v sinh ging thu phi tin hnh t nht mi nm mt ln. Khi c

th dng bm tia ly cn.

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2.8. Phi c n chiu sng mi c tin hnh kim tra v sa cha cc cng

trnh thu nc mt vo ban m hoc lc thi tit xu.

2.9. Khi kim tra v sa cha ng hm thu nc trong ni, cng nhn phi eo

mt n phng c, eo dy an ton, mt u dy do ngi bn ngoi gi theo di

v x l khi cn thit- n in di ng phi theo iu 1.4 ca tiu chun ny.

2. 10. Ca thng xung bung cha trong ging thu mch ngang phi c ng

kn bng np kim loi c bn l.

Cm th hoc nng bm ng nc v cc ph kin khc khi c ngi di

ging.

2.11. Trng hp ging thu nc mch ngang c sn hoc hnh lang trung gian th

sn v hnh lang phi c lan can cao 0,8m bao quanh.

u cu thang xung bung cha nc phi c ca kiu song st rng 0,8m.

2. 12. Khi kim tra v sa cha ging thu mch ngang khng c sn trung gian

phi : Kim tra xc nh s c mt ca cc kh chy n v c hi di ging.

Trng hp ti qu khng nhn r th phi dng n th m, n pin hoc n di ng

theo quy nh trong iu 1.4 ca tiu chun ny.

Vic tin hnh kim tra, sa cha di ging phi do hai ngi thc hin, mt

trong hai ngi phi ngi ming ging- Ngi xung ging phi mang phao bo

him, dy an ton, mt u dy do ngi trc ming ging gi.

2.13. Khi tho lp bm v ng nc ging khoan phi thc hin cc yu cu v

k thut an ton trong kho st a cht.

3. Yu cu i vi trm bm :

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3.1. Gian my phi c chiu sng tt c ngy ln m. Ngoi h thng chiu

sng lm vic cn phi c ngun chiu sng d phng (nn dng n pin, n du

v.v...) ring i vi trm bm nc thi ch c dng n th m-

3.2. Nhit khng kh trong bung my khng c vt qu 35oC (308oK) . Nu

yu cu ny khng c m bo cn phi p dng cc bin php lm mt.

3 .3. Trm bm nc cp c Clo ho s b phi c thng thong bng cc bin

php thng gi t nhin hoc thng gi nhn to v m bo khng kh sch ti

vng lm vic ca cng nhn.

i vi cc loi nc thi c nhiu hi, kh c hi v kh d chy n th ngoi h

thng thng gi lm vic cn phi c h thng thng gi cp cu. Cc h thng thng

gi phi c ni quy s dng, c ngi chuyn trch v c s theo di hot ng.

3.4- Cng nhn vn hnh cc trm bm in phi c hun luyn k thut an

ton khi vn hnh cc thit b in.

3.5. Cng nhn vn hnh my bm phi ch :

ng m my bm ng quy trnh hot ng ca trm bm, vic ng ngt cu

dao phi dt khot. Khi thao tc bng tay phi eo bao tay cch in v ng trn tm

lt bng cao su cch in.

Khng c t sa cha v ng chm n cc b phn ca mng in. Ch

nhng th in chuyn trch mi c vo bung phn phi in-

Khng c tho lp cc b phn bao che khi t my ang hot ng.

Khi c s c v in th phi nhanh chng tt my (mt t my hoc ton b) v

phi bo ngay cho ngi ph trch bit) ng thi phi ghi vo s trc ban.

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3.6. i vi trm bm ging khi lp rp v sa cha cn ch :

tho, lp bm v thit b phi s dng pa lng. Ti trng cho php ca dm v

pa lng phi ln hn ti trng vt nng 1,5 ln/ tr ln. Khi nng h thit b khng

c dng tay gi v iu khin hng m phi dng dy mm.

Khng cp xon qu 10% cho mi bc i vi cp c ng knh t 20mm

tr ln v 5% i vi cp c ng knh di 20mm.

3.7. Nhng b phn quay v chuyn ng h ca my phi c bao che chc

chn.

3.8. Cc u u in ca ng c, cc mi ni trung gian phi m bo cch

in.

3.9. Sn gian t my bm phi sch s, khng dy du m, khng ng nc.

3.10. Khng ng di pa lng, cu trc hoc ng cnh dy cp khi ang cu lp

thit b.

3.11. i vi trm bm nc thi cn phi thc hin cc yu cu sau :

Hng ngy nn nh v li i phi c ra sch bng nc.

Cn rc ly ra khi li chn rc nu cha c nghin th phi a ra khi bung

t nht mi ngy mt ln v phi rc vi bt hoc Clorua vi ln trn.

4. Yu cu i vi cng trnh x l nc

4.1. i vi trm x l nc cp.

4.1.1. Cc cng trnh x l nc (b trn, b lng, b lc) phi c lan can cao 0,8m

bao quanh.

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4.1.2. Vic bo qun v s dng ho cht phi thc hin theo hng dn c th do

c quan qun l cp trn xt duyt.

4.1.3. My dng bc xp hoc trn ho cht phi c y h s k thut, cc

c cu m bo an ton khi vn hnh.

4.1.4. Cng nhn bc xp, vn chuyn, nghin v pha ch ho cht phi c tm

ra sau khi lm vic .

4.1.5. Kho cha, ni nghin v sy than hot tnh, bung pha dung dch ho cht

phi c h thng thng gi .

Khng kh thi ra ngoi phi m bo tiu chun v sinh khng gy chy n.

4.1.6. Trong cc gian cha v s dng ho cht d chy n cc thit b in phi

ch to theo kiu phng chy n.

Cm tin hnh cc cng vic c th pht sinh tia la. Phi c bin "cm la" treo

ch d nhn.

4.1.7. Vic chn vt liu, v tr cng trnh, kt cu xy dng cc kho bo qun ho

cht phi c xem xt ngay khi thit k xy dng hoc sa cha x nghip.

4.1.8. B hoc ging h cha ho cht phi c lan can cao 0,8m bao quanh. Ch

c vo b hoc ging khi thau ra sch.

4.1.9. Khi kim tra, c ra hoc sa cha b lng, lc phi eo dy an ton. Khi

kt thc cng vic phi kh trng b bng Clorua vi.

4. 1.10 . Cc phng php s cu khi b nn do ho cht v cng tc phng chy

n c gii thiu ph lc 1 ca tiu chun ny.

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4.2. i vi trm nc thi.

4.2. 1. Khi ly mu nc thi phn tch phi eo gng cao su.

4.2.2. Khi s dng Clo v cc loi ho cht khc phi thc hin cc quy nh

chng 8 v phn 4. 1 ca tiu chun ny.

4.2.3. c ra li chn rc phi s dng cc dng c chuyn dng. Khi li

chn rc su t l,2m tr ln phi c sn ph c ra. Sn ph phi c lan can cao

0,8m bao quanh.

4.2.4. Cm sa cha nhng b phn quay ca li chn rc khi li ang chuyn

ng.

4.2.5 Rc ly ra phi a ngay vo my nghin hoc vn chuyn n ch quy

nh.

4.2.6. Cn ly t b lng ct ra phi chuyn n sn phi ct hoc phi rc ln trn

mt lp vi bt hoc Clorua vi. Cm dng loi ct ny cho xy dng, san nn.

4.2.7. gt cc vt ni, du m v.v.-. phi s dng cc dng c chuyn dng,

khng s dng dng c mt cch tu tin.

4.2.8. Trong v xung quanh khu vc b m tan ch c s dng thit b v kh c

in kiu phng chy n. Phi c bin "cm la" v bng ni quy phng chng chy

treo ch d nhn.

4.2.9. B cha kh m tan phi lp p k, phi c c cu an ton t ng x kh

ra ngoi khi p sut vt qu tr s cho php. Ming ng x kh phi b tr ch khng

gy nguy him cho khu vc xung quanh.

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4.2.10. Cm dng nhng dng c c kh nng pht sinh tia la sa cha ng

ng dn kh v b cha m tan. Trng hp khng c dng c an ton th phi kh kh

m tan trong ng v b trc khi tin hnh sa cha.

4.2.11. Cng nhn lm vic trm kh phi thng xuyn kim tra kn kht ca

mng ng dn v thit b. Trm kh phi c y cc phng tin cha chy ti ch.

4.2.12. Khi kim tra ng ng dn kh v b cha kh m tan cm dng n c

ngn la trn ch c dng n in cm tay theo quy nh iu 1.4 ca tiu chun

ny.

4.2.13. Khi thit b t trong b b h hng ch c php sa cha thit b sau

khi ly ra khi b.

4.2.14. Trm lm sch nc thi phi c nh tm. Cng nhn lm vic trm phi

c phng tin bo v c nhn theo quy nh.

4.3. Trm kh trng nc

4.3.1. Cng tc kh trng nc cp v nc thi phi m bo cc ch tiu quy

nh trong "Cp nc bn trong tiu chun thit k TCVN 5413 :1988. Thot nc bn

trong - Tiu chun thit k TCVN 4474 : 1987. Cp nc - Mng li bn ngoi v

cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k TCXD 33 : 1985. Thot nc, mng li bn ngoi v

cng trnh, - Tiu chun thit k TCXD 51 : 1994".

4.3.2. Khi dng Clo kh trng nc phi tun th cc quy nh trong chng 8

ca tiu chun ny.

4.3.3. Qu trnh amni ho nc phi tin hnh trong gian ring bit v m bo

cc yu cu sau :

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c thng gi tt ;

Khng kh nhim bn phi ht t trn xung ;

Cm dng qut thng gi chung cho c hai bung Clo ho v Amni ho.

Thit b in v thit b thng gi phi ch to theo kiu phng chy n.

4.3.4. Khi vn chuyn, bo qun v s dng amnic phi tun th cc yu cu

trong "Quy phm k thut an ton cc bnh chu p lc QPVN 2 : 1975".

5. Yu cu i vi ng ng cp nc v cc cng trnh trn ng ng cp

nc

5.1. Mng ng ng cp nc

5.1.1. Ch c o ng sa cha ng ng dn nc sau khi c php

ca c quan qun l ng v thng bo cho c quan cnh st giao thng khu vc

. Khi phi p dng cc bin php an ton sau y :

t ro chn xung quanh khu vc sa cha, trn ro chn phi treo bin ghi r tn

n v sa cha ni d nhn bit.

Treo bin cm "Khng c nhim v min vo" .

Khi ti tri c ban m phi treo n hiu mu cch h o t nht 5m. Khi sa

cha xong phi lm li ng, h nh c.

5.1.2. Khi sa cha phn ng tu (tu in, tu ho) ngoi ro chn cn phi

t bin bo tc cho php ca tu .

5.1.3. Khi ng nc ngoi hin trng phi thc hin cc quy nh sau :

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Khng c xp ng ba bi lm cn tr giao thng, ng xp cch rnh o t

nht 0,8m.

Phi chng gi ng chc chn chng ln trt.

5.1.4. ng nc v cc ph tng c trng lng t 100 kg tr xung c php lp

t bng phng php th cng. Cc chi tit c trng lng t 100 n 300kg phi lp

t bng c gii hoc t bng phng tin th cng vi iu kin phi c bin php

chng gi chc chn. Khi lp t phi c t nht 4 ngui.

5.1.5. Cc chi tit c trng lng trn 300kg phi lp t bng c gii. Khi phi

thc hin cc quy nh trong "Quy phm vn hnh an ton my nng chuyn".

5.1.6. Cm ln, qung ng v cc ph tng xung ho. Khng c ng di ho

khi h ng v ph tng.

5.1.7. Khi h ng bng cn cu di ng hoc cc thit b nng chuyn khc ngoi

vic tun th cc quy nh trong "Quy phm vn hnh an ton my nng chuyn" cn

phi : m bo khong cch t mp ng ho ti my nng t nht l 1m.

Chiu cao nng ca ng ti mt t khng c ln hn 0,8m. Khi nng, h ng

cp phi v tr thang ng

Cm dng v ln ng bng cu.

Khi lm vic ni c ng dy ti in phi c bin php phng chng b

in git.

5.1.8. Khi nng, h ng cm ngi khng c nhim v i li trn b ho, di ho

v trong tm hot ng ca cn cu.

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5.l.9. Khi dng dy cho h ng xung ho phi ch :

H s an ton ca dy khng nh hn 8.

Mt u dy phi buc chc chn.

i vi lol ng c ng knh trong khng qu 200mm, mi dy do mt ngi

gi.

i vi ng c ng knh trong ln hn 200mm mi dy phi do hai ngi gi.

5.1.10. Khi ni ng phi ch :

Trng hp ni ng bng phng php hn (hn in, hn hi) th phi thc hin

y cc quy nh i vi cng tc hn trong "Quy phm k thut an ton cc bnh

chu p lc, QPVN 2 : 1975".

Trng hp ni ng bng ghp bu lng th v tr t cc mi ghp bu lng phi

m bo thun tin v an ton khi lp ghp.

Cm dng tay :

- Th iu chnh ng tm, ng trc ca cc l bu lng khi ni bch.

- Bi keo dn ln cc u ni phi dng dng c chuyn dng-

- a vt liu xm vo khe h gia ng v ming bt ch c dng ba v c

xm khi tin hnh ni kiu ming bt.

5.1.11. Phi sn ph b mt cc ph kin trc khi a xung ho lp rp.

5.1.12. Khi kh trng mng ng nc cp phi thc hin cc quy nh sau : Dung

dch Clorua vi m c s dng phi pha ch ti ch.

Cng nhn phi c cc phng tin bo v c nhn.

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5.1.13. Cc cng vic tin hnh trong ng ng phi do hai ngi tr ln thc

hin, trong mt ngi chu trch nhim cnh gii pha ngoi. Khi thc hin cng

vic phi tun th cc quy nh nu trong cc iu 1.3 v 1.4 ca tiu chun ny.

5.1.14. Trc khi tin hnh kh trng h thng ng ng cp nc cn b k

thut phi kim tra tnh trng k thut ca cc phng tin bo v c nhn.

5.2. Yu cu an ton khi th ng ng nc cp.

5.2.1. Cc ng ng nc cp trc khi a vo s dng phi c th nghim

bng cc phng php sau :

Th bn bng p lc nc .

Th kn bng p lc kh.

5.2.2. p sut th v quy trnh th thc hin theo quy nh "Quy phm k thut an

ton cc bnh chu p lc QPVN 2 : 1975".

5.2.3. Khi th bn bng p lc nc ch c dng bm tay.

Cm khng dng bm li tm.

5.2.4. Khi pht hin c hin tng r r th phi ngng th, x ht p sut trong h

thng sau mi tin hnh sa cha.

Tuyt i khng c xit cht cc mi ni khi h thng ang chu p lc.

5.2.5. Cc ng ng dn kh nn phc v cng tc th kn phi c kim tra,

th bn trc khi a vo s dng.

5.2.6. Khng c s dng cc p k h hng, qu hn kim nh hoc khng c

kp ch lm p k kim tra.

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5.2.7. phng tai nn, cm ngi khng c nhim v ra vo hoc n gn

khu vc ang th nghim.

5.2.8. Cn b k thut phi chu trch nhim ch huy cng tc th nghim. Cng

nhn th nghim phi nm c quy trnh quy phm v cc bin php x l s c .

5.3. Yu cu i vi cc cng trnh trn ng ng cp

5.3.1. Cc h van phi c np y bng kim loi hoc b tng ct thp, c bc ln

xung.

Nu bc thang bng thp th phi kim tra chng r thng xuyn.

5.3.2. Cm m np h van bng tay, phi m bng dng c chuyn dng.

5.3.3,. Ch c vo b cha khi tho ht nc. Cm sa cha; tho lp ng

nc, van kho v cc ph kin khc trong b cha khi ang dng nc.

5.3.4. Sau khi c ngi vo b cha, b phi c kh trng trc khi a vo s

dng bng Clorua vi.

5.3.5. Ch c tin hnh cng tc sa cha, kim tra cc ng ng t di

ng st khi c s ng v chu s gim st ca c quan qun l ng st.

5.3.6. Cc ng ng dn nc v cng trnh trn ng ng dn nc phi c

kim tra t nht 6 thng mt ln.

5.4. Yu cu i vi i nc

5.4.1 i nc phi c h thng chng st. H thng chng st phi c kim tra

mi nm mt ln trc ma ma bo.

5.4.2. Ban m, trn nh i nc phi bt n hiu mu .

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5.4.3. Khi lm vic trn i nc, cng nhn phi c hun luyn cc bin php

k thut an ton khi lm vic trn cao. Ch c tro ln i nc bng thang st c

nh c lan can hoc lng bo v.

5.5. Yu cu i vi cng tc sn ng

5.5.1. Khi trn bi tum nng vi xng sn lt ng phi thc hin cc quy nh

sau : Trn cch ni un nng chy bi tum v cc ngn la trn khc ti thiu 50m.

Nhit bi tum em trn khng ln hn 70oc (343oK) . Phi bi tum t t vo

xng. Cm xng vo bi tum. Phi c sn cc phng tin cha chy ti ch (bnh

bt, ct, xng, bao ti t v v ) v cc phng n phng chng chy.

6. Yu cu i vi h thng thot nc

6.1. Yu cu i vi cng tc thot nc

6.1.1. Tu theo mc xm thc ca tng loi nc thi, x nghip qun l phi

xy dng bn hng dn ch bo dng mng cng thot nc v cc cng trnh

thuc h thng thot nc. Bn hng dn ny phi c c quan qun l cp trn trc

tip xt duyt

6.1.2. Khi sa cha, thng ra hoc kim tra k thut nh k cc mng li ng

cng v cc cng trnh thot nc phi thc hin cc quy nh sau :

Cm m np ging khi cha t bin bo khu vc sa cha.

Ch m np ging bng cc dng c chuyn dng.

Trc khi tin hnh cng vic phi p dng cc bin php ngn khng cho

nc chy qua ch lm vic.

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Khi o qua ng giao thng th phi khoanh vng v t bin bo hai u.

Ban m phi treo n hiu .

Trc khi xung lm vic phi c bin php xc nh s hin din ca cc loi hi

kh c, hi kh nguy him chy n. lm cng vic ny tuyt i khng c dng

la trn. Trng hp c cc loi hi kh c hoc hi kh nguy him chy n th phi

c cc bin php kh kh thng thong t nhin bng cch m tt c cc np ging

thm ; thng thong cng bc) .

Phi c t hai ngi tr ln mi c tin hnh cc cng vic di ging su

hoc trong ng cng, mt trong s nhng ngi phi ngi ming ging cnh

gii v gip khi cn thit. Ngi xung ging phi eo dy an ton, mt u dy do

ngi cnh gii gi.

Ch c ln xung ging thm bng thang gn c nh thnh ging.

n chiu sng cm tay phi tho mn quy nh iu 1.4 ca tiu chun ny.

Cm dng cc dng c c kh nng pht sinh tia la hoc c dng c t nng

trong cc ging c hi kh nguy him chy n. Cm ng di ging thm khi nng v

h vt liu xung ging-

Khi kt thc cng vic trong ng cng phi y np ming ging-

Sau khi lm vic cng nhn phi tm git v kh trng qun o v phng tin

bo v c nhn.

6.1.3. Khi o ng sa cha cng thot v cc cng trnh trong h thng phi

thc hin cc quy nh iu 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3 ca tiu chun ny.

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6.2. Yu cu i vi knh mng thot nc v ao h iu ho lm sch nc thi

6.2.1. Khi no vt bn trong cc knh mng, ao h phi c bin php kim tra

hin tng ly tht trc khi cho cng nhn xung lm vic.

6.2.2. i vi knh mng, ao h lng cn nc thi cng nghip c cha cc

cht c hi phi dng cc phng tin c gii no vt bn.

6.2.2. Khi vt rc, vt bo trn cc knh mng, ao h c su t l,5m tr ln

phi thc hin cc bin php an ton quy nh trong cc iu 2.3 v 2.4 ca tiu chun

ny.

7. Yu cu an ton khi lp t h thng cp thot nc trong nh dn dng

v cng nghip

7. 1. Khi c l lp ng trong nh phi i m cng, eo knh v khu trang.

7.2. Cm c l qua nhng kt cu b tng ct thp chu lc (dm ct v. v...)

ng. Trong trng hp c bit phi c thit k b sung.

7.3. Khi lp t ng cao l,5m tr ln so vi sn nh phi thc hin cc yu

cu an ton khi lm vic trn cao.

7.4. Khi kim tra cc b x t hoi trong nh phi thc hin cc quy nh trong

iu 6.1.2 ca tiu chun ny.

7.5. Cm s dng b x bt, chu ra, u tiu lm im ta d bc gin gio khi thi

cng.

8. Yu cu an ton khi vn chuyn bo qun v s dng Clo

8. 1. Quy nh chung ,

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8.1.1. Khi vn chuyn bo qun v s dng cc bnh cha Clo phi :

Thc hin cc quy nh trong "Quy phm k thut an ton cc bnh chu p lc

QPVN 2 : 1975".

Trnh t nng chai, bnh Clo bng mi ngun nhit.

Trnh va chm ri .

8.1.2. Cm ngi khng c nhim v vo kho Clo v bung Clo ho nc.

8.2. Yu cu i vi kho bo qun bnh Clo .

8.2.1 Kho bo qun bnh Clo phi l cng trnh bit lp mt tng, khng c trn.

Kho phi c h thng thng gi ht.

Ming ht phi t st sn, ming x nhn chm trong b trung ho. Cng tc in

t pha ngoi. Nhit khng khi trong kho khng c vt qu 35oC (308oK) .

8.2.2. m bo an ton, sc cha ca kho Clo quy nh nh sau :

Trong iu kin vn chuyn thun tin, lng Clo d tr kho gp 10 ln Clo cn

s dng, ch cho php 1 bnh Clo d tr ni s dng Clo.

Khi vn chuyn kh khn th cho php d tr mt lng khng qu lng Clo cn

thit s dng trong 3 thng.

8.2.3. Khong cch nh nht cho php t kho hoc ni s dng Clo n nh

xng hoc nh quy nh trong Bng 1 .

Bng 1

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sc cha ca kho, T 1 1 - 2 2 - 5 5 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 75

Khong cch ti

thiu cho php, m

12

25

50

150

250

300

8.2.4. Trong kho Clo v bung Clo ho ch c dng loi n phng n . Khu

vc quanh kho trong phm vi l0m khng c nhin liu d chy v phi treo bin

"cm la".

8.2.5. Sn kho phi phng nhn, m bo thot nc tt.

8.2.6. Kho phi c trang b y cc phng tin cha chy ti ch . Tng

phi c sn c pha trong v ngoi ti cao ti thiu 1m k t sn.

8.2.7. Phi c thit b nhanh chng a bnh Clo b r vo b cha dung dch

kim.

8.2.8. Bnh Clo y ch c xp nm c th xp tlinh nhiu lp, gia cc lp

phi c m chn.

8.2.9. Khi xp bnh Clo phi ch xp u c van v cng mt pha v cch

tng ti thiu 0,6m.

8.2.10. Cm xp bnh y v bnh ht cng mt ch.

8.2.11. Khi sa cha kho phi c bin php cch li khu vc sa cha vi cc khu

vc cn li. Chai Clo phi a ra khi khu vc sa cha. Pha ngoi kho phi treo bin

"cm la" v bn ni quy kho ch d nhn.

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Khi vo kho kim tra, sa cha phi c cc bin php phng b ng

c v phng chng chy n .

8.2.13. Kho phi lm bng vt liu khng chy. Quanh kho phi c tng ro bo

v 8.3. Yu cu an ton khi vn chuyn Clo lng

8.3.1. Ch c vn chuyn cc bnh cha Clo trn cc phng tin c gim xc

c bin php chng va chm hoc loi xe chuyn dng. Cm dng cc phng tin vn

chuyn khng c mui che, b dy bn du m, cc cht d chy.

8.3.2. Khi vn chuyn trn qung ng ngn cho php dng cc loi xe th s,

khi phi ch trnh va chm vo van an ton ca bnh.

8.3.3. Nhn vin p ti (vn chuyn) bnh Clo phi am hiu v tnh cht nguy

him n ca Clo v cc bin php phng v x l khi c s c.

8.3.4. Khng c ht thuc, n ung khi bc xp, vn chuyn bnh Clo.

8.3.5. Khi thi cng bnh Clo ch thn bnh, cm nm vo van bnh.

8.3.6. Phi ghi dng ch "Bnh ht kh" ln cc bnh s dng ht kh.

8.3.7. ng dn v ph tng ng ng vn chuyn Clo phi lm bng ng

hoc polivinyl Clorua.

8.3.8. ng dn Clo phi t cch cc loi ng khc t nht 50mm v phi t ch

d kim tra.

Mt ngoi ng phi sn mu xanh sm.

8.3.9. ng ng dn Clo phi lp p k, trn mt p k phi c vch ch p

sut lm vic ca mi cht-

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8.4. Yu cu an ton khi vn hnh bnh cha Clo.

8.4.1. Phi kim tra kh nng lm vic ca van gim p trc khi lp vo bnh Clo

s dng.

8.4.2. Cm s dng bnh Clo qu hn. Bnh h hng phi tr li nh my np.

8.4.3. Phi kim tra kn kht ca van kho bnh Clo bng cch dng vi tm

amonic ph ln ch nh kim tra.

8.4.4. Trc khi m van a Clo vo ng dn phi iu chnh p sut ca kh sau

van gim p. Khi m van phi m t t.

8.4.5. Cm lm nng bnh Clo hoc g ln van bnh. Khng c bi xng, du

m hoc cc cht hu c ln thnh bnh.

8.4.6. Khng c s dng ht Clo trong chai. p sut kh cn li trong chai

phi ln hn p sut ca my nh lng Clo .

8.4.7. Khi ngng Clo ho nc trong mt thi gian, nu bnh ang dng d th

phi ng cht van, y np bo him v a ct bnh vo kho .

8.5. Yu cu i vi vic kh kh Clo.

8.5.1. Khi l r nh, cho php dng tm nha polyvinyl Clorua hoc cao su

Clorua y ln v bn ngoi trt hc n hoc xi mng ng kt nhanh.

8.5.2. i vi bnh nh, khi b r th nhng chm bnh vo dung dch trung ho,

u c l d quay ln trn, i vi bnh ln th dng ng dn a kh vo dung dch

trung ho .

8.5.3. Thnh phn cc dung dch trung ho quy nh trong bng 2.

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Bng 2 - Thnh phn cc dung dch trung ho (n v tnh : kg)

Clo lng NaOH Nc KOH Nc Vi Nc

100 125 300 300 750 125 1 000

1000 2500 6.000 6.000 6000 2500 18.750

8.5.4. Khi bnh Clo b r, phi nhanh chng xc nh hm lng Clo bc ra, xc

nh ch r v bt ch r li. Trng hp lng Clo r ln hoc bnh Clo b v, b chy

th phi bo ng khn cp ng thi s tn ngi, gia sc khu vc xung quanh.

8.5.5. Khi c s c, phi bnh tnh x l v nhanh chng ri khi khu vc nguy

him.

8.5.6. Dng bm phun dung dch vi hoc suynfit v s a vo khu vc nhim kh

Clo.

8.5.7. Trc khi vo khu vc s c c x l phi xc nh hm lng Clo

trong khng kh. xc nh Clo phi dng my phn tch kh hoc p dng cc bin

php nu trong ph lc hai ca tiu chun ny.

8.5.8 . Khi xc nh hm lng Clo khng c php vo trong khu vc nhim

bn Clo m phi ly mu nh cc ca s chuyn dng b tr st sn nh hai bn ca

i c kch thc 300 x 300 mm v c cnh m ra ngoi.

8.5.9. Ch c php vo khu vc c s c khi hm lng Clo trong khng kh t

gi tr Clo cho php trong tiu chun v sinh nh nu iu 1, ph lc 2 ca tiu

chun ny.

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8.5.10. Khi lm vic trong kho Clo cng nhn phi eo mt n phng c. Nu

hm lng Clo qu cao phi eo my th dng o xy.

8.6. Yu cu v phng tin bo v c nhn cho cng nhn lm vic tip xc vi

Clo.

8.6.1. Cng nhn lm vic tip xc vi Clo phi c trang b bnh xy, mt n

phng c gng tay cao su, knh, ng cao su, mnh nha polivinyl Clorua hoc cao su

Clo ho v cc phng tin bo v khc theo ch hin hnh.

18.6.2. Cc phng tin bo v c nhn phi c bo qun trong t, t ni lm

vic hoc trong cc gian ring bit.

8.7. Yu cu i vi cng tc o to cng nhn lm vic tip xc vi Clo.

8.7.1. Cng nhn lm vic tip xc vi Clo phi nm c tnh cht v tc dng

ca Clo, cc kh nng nhim c c th v cc bin php s cu khi b nhim c ng

thi phi nm c cc bin php lm vic an ton.

8.7.2. Cng nhn mi tuyn dng hoc mi chuyn t cng tc khc sang lm

nhng cng vic tip xc vi Clo phi c o to v hng dn nm c nhng

ni dung quy nh trong iu 8.7.1 cng nh nhng quy nh v v sinh lao ng v

phng chng chy.

8.7.3. Vic kim tra kin thc ca cng nhn phi c tin hnh t nht 6 thng

mt ln.

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Ph lc 1

S cu khi b tai nn do ho cht phng chng chy trong phng th nghim ho

1. S cu khi b tai nn do ho cht

1.1 Khi xy ra tai nn phi tin hnh s cu nn nhn trc khi bc s n. Vic

iu tr tip theo do cc bc s quyt nh.

1.2. Khi b ngt phi t nn nhn ni thong mt. Tho b nhng vt b st

ngi. Dng khn mt kh hoc lng bn tay xoa u trn da, xoa bp u v cho nn

nhn ngi amonic. Nu cn thit th phi lm h hp nhn to.

1.3. Khi b chy mu phi ra vt thng bng dung dch xy gi 8% sau bi

thuc st trng v bng b li.

Khi chy mu cam phi chm mi bng nc lnh v r mi bng dung dch kali

pecmanganat.

1.4. Khi b bng, phi ra vt thng bng cn sau ra bng dung dch natri

bicabonat. Nu b bng nng, phi ra dung dch tanin 5% vi ln sau bng li bng

gc bi nt.

1.5. Khi b bng pht pho, ra vt bng bng cn nguyn cht sau ra bng

dung dch ng sunft v dung dch kali pecmanganat. Tt c cc trng hp bng

pht pho u phi a nn nhn n y t.

1.6. Khi b bng Clo phi ra ngay vt thng bng nc sau ra bng dung

dch natri bicabonat ri thm kh vt thng. Khi mt b nhim Clo phi ra mt bng

dng nc sch trong 15 pht sau phi a nn nhn ti y t.

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1.7. Khi b bng xt phi ra ngay bng nc lnh nhiu ln sau ra bng cc

dung dch kim yu (natri cacbonat, natribicacbonat v.v...).

Nu b bng axit sunfuaric c th dng giy lc hoc vi sch thm kh sau

ra nh trn.

1.8. Khi b baz c rt vo phi ra ngay bng nc l nhiu ln sau nh dung

dch axit axetic 5%.

Trong c 2 trng hp bng axit v bng baz sau khi ra v trung ho u phi

bi vazlin ln vt thng v bng li.

1.9. Khi b axit xc vo ming phi sc ming bng nc ho tan axit ma gi. Khi

b xc baz th sc ming bng dung dch axit axetic 5% (cng c th dng axit axetic

hoc axit vaxomic) .

10. Khi b axit hoc baz bn vo mt phi ra ngay bng nc sch tht k. Sau

ra bng :

Dung dch natri bicacbonat long nu l axit.

Dung dch axit axetic long nu l baz.

11 . Khi b ng c ho cht phi tm cch cho nn nhn nn (mc c hng, ung

nc pha 5% ng sunfat) t nn nhn ni thong kh v yn tnh. Khi bit r cht

gy ng c th p dng cc bin php gii thiu trong Bng 2 ca ph lc ny.

Khi b nhim c kh phi cho nn nhn th bng xy lm h hp nhn to. Phi

ci ht cc o, ni nhng vt b st ngi .

Bng 1- nh hng ca hi kh c i vi c th ngi

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Ho cht

Hm lng trong

khng kh gy cht

ngi khi tip xc

10 pht

Hm lng trong

khng kh gy ng

c khi tip xc t 30

pht n 1 gi

Hm lng trong khng

kh khi ' nhn bit dc

khi tip xc t 30 pht

n 1 gi

cm3/ m3 mg/l cm3/ m3 mg/l cm3/ m3 mg/l

Pht gen

Clo

Acsenhyrua

Hydroxyanua

Oxit ni t

Hydro sunfua.

Pht pho

hydrua

Cacbonsunfua

Dioxit sunfua

Hydro clorua

Amonic

Oxit cacbon

Benzen

Clorua fooc

Axetylen

Cacbonic

Tetra clometan

50

250

300

200

500

800

1000

2000

8000

3000

5000

5000

20000

25000

500000

90000

50000

0,2

0,7

1,0

0,2

1 0

1,1

1,4

6,3

8, 0

4, 5

3,5

6,0

65

125

550

162

315

25

25

60

100

100

400

400

1000

4000

1000

2500

2000

7500

15000

250000

50000

25000

0, 1

0,07

0,2

0,1

0,2

0,6

0 6

3,0

1,1

1,5

1,7

2,4

25

75

275

90

158

1

2,5

20

50

50

200

200

500

100

100

250

1000

3000

5000

100000

30000

10000

0,004

0,007

0,06

0,05

0,1

0,3

0, 14

1,5

0,3

0,15

0,17

1,2

10

25

110

54

63

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Bng 2 - Bin php gii c

Cht gy c Bin php gii c

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Clo

Hydrosunfua

Oxit lu hunh

Kh l cao

HydroClorua

Amonic

Hi brm

It

Hp cht acsen

Hp cht xyanua

Hp cht thu

- Nm ni thong kh, t ni. Xng ng h hp bng dung dch natri

bicacbonat nng, 2 3%, mi ngy 2 - 3 ln,mi ln 8 - 10 pht.

Ung sa nng pha thm 1 tha con natri bicacbonat.

- Nm ni thong kh,th bng xy,nu b ng c nng cho ung mt

tha con dung dch nc xy gi 2% v lm h hp nhn to

- Ht hi cn,ht bt natn bicacbonat. Ung dung dch natri bicacbonat v

sa.

- Nm ni thong kh,u k cao. Chm nc lnh ln trn trn, ung

c ph c. Nu nng th lm h hp nhn to.

- Ht hi amnic

- Ht hi nc nng pha axit axetic. Chm nc lnh ln u, ung

dung dch axt axetic hoc axit nitric 5%

- Ht hi amonic. Ung nc pha h tinh bt. Da b bng bi dung

dch fenol 1%. . .

- Ung nc pha h tinh bt,natri bicacbonat

- Gy nn,c 5 pht cho ung mt tha dung dch oxyt ma gi 5%

- Ra d dy bng nc xy gi 2% hoc dng ch kali pemanganat

0,5%.

- Gy nn,ung bt than ng vt ho tan trong nc lnh cng vi sa

v lng trng trng,sc ming bng dung dch sacarat (mui ca axit

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2. Yu cu v phng chng chy trong phng th nghim ho

2.1. Trong phng th nghim ho phi treo bn ni quy phng chng chy ni d

nhn bit.

2.2. Phi c y cc dng c, phng tin cha chy ti ch nh bnh cha chy,

bao ti ct kh, xng v. v. . .

2.3. i vi cc phng th nghim c s dng cc cht nguy him chy n phi s

dng cc thit b in ch to theo kiu phng n v phi c cu dao tng ngt in

khi c s c.

2.4. Trong phng th nghim s dng hi t hoc cc cht d chy ch c php

bt cc thit b nhit (bp du, bp in v.v...) sau khi tin hnh cc bin php thng

thong.

2.5. Khng c bt n, bp in, bp du trn bn hoc gi bng vt liu d

chy. Trng hp bn, gi lm bng vt liu d chy th phi c tm lt bng vt liu

khng chy hoc kh chy (gch, xi mng, li aming v.v...).

2.6. Khi ang lm th nghim khng c ri khi v tr cng tc.

2.7. Khi s dng cc cht d chy khng c :

ba bn, cc cht trn bn.

cc cht gn ngn la. Lm ri vi ra nn nh.

cht d chy cn tha xung cng rnh chung.

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2.8. Cm un si, t nng cc cht d chy bng ngun la trc tip (c th un

cch thu, lt di aming trn bp in . . . ) .

2.9. Cm sy nhng cht thm t dung mi hu c bng t sy in.

2.10. Trong phng th nghim khng c :

Lau ty nn nh, qun o v.v... bng cht d chy.

un nu thc n.

2.11. Khi ht gi lm vic phi :

ng van hi t.

Tt n, bp in v cc thit b khc.

Thu dn, y kn bao b cha cc cht nguy him chy n.

Rc bn, gi lau du m v ho cht phi a ra khi phng.

2.12. Khi ho cht d chy chy ra ngoi vi lng t 1 n 2 lt tr ln th phi

dng ct rc ln ht kh sau dng xng g xc, cm dng xng st xc.

2.13. Khi g b chy c th dng nc ct hoc bnh cha chy dp. .

2.14. Khng c dng nc dp cc m chy ca cc cht nh v khng tan

trong nc. Ch c dng bnh bt, bnh bt, bao ti hay ct kh.

2.15. Cho php dng nc dp m chy ca nhng cht nh v tan trong nc.

2.16. Khi bn th nghim b chy phi ng thi va dp chy va nhanh chng

chuyn cc chai l ng ho cht ra xa vng chy.

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2.17. Bnh cha chy loi dung dch thm t ch dng cha cc m chy ca

cc cht kh thm t nh bng, giy, g v.v... Cm dng loi hnh ny cha chy

dy in.

2.18. cha chy xng, este, du v sn phi dng bnh bt natribicacbonat phun

bng cacbonic lng. Khng dng loi ny cha chy dy in.

2.19. Bnh CO2 tetraclomtan c th dng dp m chy ca mi cht.

Tetraclomtan c th dp c nhng m chy bt st, axtylen nhit cao v. v. .

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Ph lc 2

Phng php xc nh hm lng Clo trong khng kh

1. Hm lng Clo trong khng kh khng c vt qu 0,01 mg/m3.

Nu vt qu th phi c bin php x l v cng nhn phi eo mt n phng c.

2. Khi hm lng Clo trong khng kh ni lm vic t 1 - 6 mg/ m3 s c tc

ng nh ln c quan h hp. Hm lng t 12 mg/ m3 s gy kh th, n 45mg/ m3

s gy rt v nga hng, nu hm lng t 90mg/ m3 s gy ho v khi hm lng Clo

t 100 mg/ m3 tr ln c th gy cht ngi.

3. xc nh hm lng Clo trong khng kh c th dng cc phng php sau :

- My phn tch kh

- Giy phn ng tm hn hp h tinh bt lg.

- Km Clorua 1g, kaliclorua lg, nc ct cho 100 ml.

Giy tm dung dch c thnh phm*** Kalibrorua 30g, Kalicacbonat 2g,

Fluoretxein 0,2g, 2ml dung dch 10% kalihydroxit, glixerin lg, nc ct cho 100 ml.

Giy anilin tm dung dch *** 100 ml dung dch anilin trong nc, 20ml dung

dch cototeludin trong nc, 80ml axitaxetic nguyn cht .

Ch thch:

* My PTK-1, PTK-2 hin c vin BHL TLLVN. .

** Giy phn ng bin thnh mu xanh sau 10 sc khi trong khng kh cha

hm lng Clo 3mg/m3 .

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*** Giy tm s bin t vng sang xanh, hng nu hm lng Clo trong khng kh

t 30mg/m3.

**** Giy anilin tm dung dch s bin thnh mu xanh trong khng kh c cha

Clo.

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