52
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT 6337 Supplementary Output Characteristics of Series-Series Transformers With Multiple Lamps as Loads By James E. Davis <^BS> U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

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Page 1: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

6337

Supplementary

Output Characteristics of Series-Series TransformersWith Multiple Lamps as Loads

ByJames E. Davis

<^BS>U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Page 2: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for

making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constapts and

properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices,

and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and -technical problems; in-

vention and developrhent of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development

of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research,

development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various

consultation and information services. Research projects are also performejd for other government

agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the

Bureau’s unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of

divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or pub-

lished papers. These papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the journals

of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from

the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections,

presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary

and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions provides

data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world.

There are also five series of nonperiodical publications; Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series,

'Handbooks, Miscellaneous Publications, and Technical Notes.

Information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular .460, Publications of the

National Bureau of Standards ($1.25) and its Supplement ($1«50), available from the Superintendent

of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.

Page 3: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORTNBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0201-20-02414 March 1960 6337

Supplementary

Output Characteristics of Series-Series TransformersWith Multiple Lamps as Loads

ByJames E. Davis

Visual Landing Aids Field LaboratoryPhotometry and Colorimetry SectionOptics and Metrology Division

Prepared forShip Aeronautics DivisionBureau of Naval WeaponsDepartment of the NavyWashington 2b, D, C.

Project No. TED NBS SI-5003

IMPORTANT NOTICE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANFintended for use within the Gov

to additional evaluation and revii

listing of this Report, either in w

the Office of the Director, Natior

however, by the Government age

to reproduce additional copies fc

Approved for public release by the

director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 2015

ress accounting documents

lly published it is subjected

reduction, or open-literature

is obtained in writing from

:h permission is not needed,

pared if that agency wishes

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Page 4: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

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Page 5: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

6337Supplementary

Output Characteristics of Series-Series TransformersWith Multiple Lamps as Loads

James E, Davis

1. INTRODUCTION

The results of tests made of three 6.6/6.6-ampere, 200-watt runwaylighting transformers using 120-volt, multiple-type lamps as loads are

given in National Bureau of Standards Report 6337. Additional tests madeusing the same series-series transformers, but with 60- and 75-volt,multiple-type lamps as the loads are reported in this report.

2. TEST PROCEDURE

The tests were made using the airfield lighting circuit and regu-lator and procedure described in NBS Report 6337.

The tests were made by connecting the test transformer with its load

into an airfield lighting circuit supplied by a type NC-3, 15-kilowattregulator. The runway lighting circuit consisted of thirty-four 200-watt,series-series transformers and their lamps and three 200-watt series-seriestransformers with burned out lamps across their secondaries, and approximately16,000 feet of No. 12, 3000-volt cable in metallic duct. The output volt-age and current readings of the regulator when it was connected to thisrunway lighting circuit were as follows;

Step 1 440 volts 2.82 amperes 1.24 kva

Step 2 550 volts 3.40 amperes 1.87 kva

Step 3 670 volts 4.10 amperes 2.74 kva

Step 4 1000 volts 5.12 amperes 5.12 kva

Step 5 1440 volts 6.50 amperes 9.36 kva

Output voltage and current of the test transformers were measuredfor each intensity step using 75-volt and 60-volt lamps. Ten 75-watt andtwo 25-watt, 60-volt, PAR-38 lamps were used in combinations to obtain100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 rated watts as theload for one test. Thirteen 75-watt, 75-volt, PAR-38 lamps were used in

combinations to obtain 75, 150, 225, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, and 975 ratedwatts as the load for the other test.

All values of voltage and current were corrected for all significantlosses in the measuring instruments.

Page 6: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

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-2 -

3, RESULTS

The output characteristics of the test transformers and light out-

put of the lamps as a function of the load are shown in figures 1

through 20,

LampVoltage

as listed in the following table.

Characteristic CurvesFigure

No.

60-volt Secondary voltage-current 1, 2, 3*

75-volt Secondary voltage-current 4, 5, 6*

60-volt Output power versus rated wattage 7

75-volt Output power versus rated wattage 8

60-volt Relative light output 9, 10, 11

75-volt Relative light output 12, 13, 14

60-volt Lumen output 15, 16, 17

75 -VOIt Lumen output 18, 19, 20

*In figures 1 through 6, the no-load, open-circuited, secondaryvoltage of the transformer for each intensity setting is shown by the dotsat the bottom edge of the figure^

The secondary voltage-current characteristic curves of these 200-watttransformers using 60- and 75-volt lamps as loads are similar in shape tothose of the 120-volt lamp loadso The curves indicate, for each of thethree transformers tested, the minimum rated wattage of the load necessaryfor each intensity step to keep the applied voltage from exceeding the ratedlamp voltage.

Figures 9 through 14 show the relative light output of one lamp of the60- and 75-volt lamp loads as a function of rated connected load. Thevalues of relative light output were computed using the intensity-voltagerelation for 75-volt, 75-watt, PAR-38 lamps given in National Bureau ofStandards Report 6190, figure 14b, To facilitate comparison of the lightoutput of 60- and 75-volt lamp loads with the output of 120-volt lamploads, the light output in lumens of the 60- and 75-volt lamp loads as a

function of rated wattage of the load were computed and are shown in fig-ures 15 to 20. The values of light output were obtained by multiplyingthe computed lumen output of the lamps at rated voltage by an applied-voltage factor. The lumen output at rated voltage was chosen as 15 lumensper watt. The applied voltage factors were obtained from National Bureauof Standards Report 6190, figure 14b, for a 75-volt, 75-watt, PAR-38 lamp.

Page 8: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

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Page 9: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

-3-

The curves of figures 15 to 20 are extended only to the minimum con-

nected load used in this test at which the voltage applied to the lamps

does not exceed the rated voltage of the lamps.

4. DISCUSSION

For the 60-volt lamps, with 300 watts rated load, the ratio of

relative light output is approximately 100 to 1 at intensity steps 5 and

1. For the 75-volt lamps at the same load, the ratio of relative lightoutput is approximately 10 to 1 at intensity steps 5 and 1.

The data obtained from these tests indicate that the 60- and 75-

volt lamps of certain loads may be useful for some special visual lightingaids if the transformer can be selected by manufacturer. If lamps of

these voltages are used, care will have to be exercised in the selectionof the number of lamps used with any transformer, except for 75-voltlamps with the Line Material transformer, to prevent exceeding the ratedvoltage of the lamps. Also note that with certain loads a single lampfailure will cause rapid failure of the rest of the lamps on that par-ticular transformer,

A comparison of figures 15 to 20 with figures 5 to 7 of NBS Report6337 shows that the maximum light output which can be obtained withoutexceeding rated voltage with a given transformer when 75-volt lamps are

used is about 1.5 times the maximum light output that can be obtainedwhen 120-volt lamps are used. The maximum output when 60-volt lamps are

used is about twice the maximum output when 120-volt lamps are used.

Consideration has also been given to the use of 30/45-watt trans-formers to supply power to multiple lamps. The specified maximum open-circuit voltage of these transformers is 25 volts. Hence the 30/45-watttransformer is not a suitable source of power for lamps having a ratedvoltage much greater than 25 volts.

March 1960

US COMM NBS DC

Page 10: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

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-5-

SECONDARY.

VOLTAGE,

volts.

Figure

2.

Output

characteristics

of

series

transformers,

(with

multiple-lamp

loads).

N.B.S.

6337

(Supplementary)

60-volt

lamps.

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I

i

\

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6

PQ

,2:

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i

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sajsdujo ‘iN3d8nO AdVQNOOBS

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I

<

(

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-8

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SECONDARY

^

VOLTAGE,

volts.

Figure

6.

Output

characteristics

of

series

transformers,

(with

multiple-lamp

loads)

6337

(Supplementary)

75-volt

lamps.

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- 10 -

Figure 7 Output power of series transformers with multiple-lamp loads.

'l.B.S, 6337 (Supplementary)

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- 11 -

RATED CONNECTED LOAD, watts.

Figure 6. Output power of series transformers with multiple-lamp loads.

N.B.S. 6337 (Supplementary)

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Page 27: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

RELATIVE

LIGHT

OUTPUT,

percent.

- 12-

N.B.S. 6337 (Siipplpmr*n tarv)

Figure 9. Relative iight output of ohe lamp in a multipie lomp lood of Q

series transformer.

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Page 29: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

RELATIVE

LIGHT

OUTPUT,

percent.

: jiFE£HS;OJSI,-rij bJbet=-covej-fedT-2.00..vy-a tt.,

.5AO O-j'OIOj^ atis fome r.

.TLuHIpJl?'

-13-

Figure 10. Relotive light output of one lamp in o multiple lamp load of a

series transformer.

1000200 400 600 800

RATED WATTAGE OF LAMP LOAD, watts.

N.B.S. 6337 (Supplementary)

Page 30: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

1?

*' ' .• *y' Jw' t,

’•a'i

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RELATIVE

LIGHT

OUTPUT,

percent.

14

r

i'

K<r

5'

IFigure II. Relative light output of one lamp In a multiple lamp load of a

series transformer.

N. Bo S. 6337 (Supplementary)

Page 32: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

•'/W »‘-ii fki »

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RELATIVE

LIGHT

OUTPUT,

percent.

15

200 400 600 800RATED WATTAGE OF LAMP LOAD, watts.

1000

Figure 12. Relative light output of one lamp in a multiple lomp load of

series transformer.

N.B.S, 6337 (Supplementary)

Page 34: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

- Vt '-y-:

V','

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in

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Ir

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RELATIVE

LIGHT

OUTPUT,

percent.

-16-

Figure 13. Relative light output of one lamp in a muitipte lamp load of o

series tronsformer.

N.B.S 6337 (Supplementary)

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Page 37: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

RELATIVE

LIGHT

OUTPUT,

percent.

-17-

100

0 . 200 400 600 000 1000

RATED WATTAGE OF LAMP LOAD, watts.

Figure 14. Relotive light output of one lamp in a multiple lamp lood of o

series transformer.

N.R..S. 6337 (Supplementary)

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I'MV"

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18

rhulliplerit^mp;^

Figure 15. Lumen output of multiple-lamp load for o series transformer.

1000

100

lopoo

400 600 800

WATTAGE OF LAMP LOAD, watts.

200

RATED

1000

trah^ofrr^p!

-

N.B.S. 6337 (Supplementary)

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.vnmUnoit «0iw o 'K)1 booi qmol *Vii»tkw Vo toqtvo munuJ

* , f .j

(Yx*^»t*»ndfqc|iU8)

:J-cl, '.

'

fi

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19

0 200 400 600 800 1000

RATED WATTAGE OF LAMP LOAD, watts.

IFigure !6o Lumen output of multiple-lamp load for a series transformer.

M.B.S, 6337 (Supplementary)

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„ -o. . M'V'-^'"‘- '^‘-

I I- — — - .V', .

'','rM'' ^ A;.' J'.' 'tv ifill. .> . • \< *>«. i,' ':

.' U,. . , ,,

.'i:^

.t^kmiolwoit o bcK>l e^mol"‘y^f<iiKn \o iu<|fuo n»crwjf^.0i/;|

tvfiniwa Icnu^) t>c&

i!jlMm:'miBM .

" r'i. ..dfii

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20

I

mUitjpleUqmps.

Figure! 7. Lumen output of multiple-lamp load for o series transformer.

600 800OF LAMP LOAD, watts.

1000

1000

10,000

U|..&!JELMjATERLA,L bjLex^coj^^ red.

t:rf^t:VbTi^ormef: ;:

; i ~t"——

_

200 400rated wattage

N.B.S. 6337 (Supplementary)

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21

Figure 18. Lumen output of multiple-lump load for o series transformer.

N.B.S 6337 (Supplementary)

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ooopia -

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22

<

Figure 19, Lumen output of multipie*!amp load fora series transformer.

N.B.S, 6337 (Supplementary)

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Page 49: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

LIGHT

OUTPUT,

Lumens.

\

10,000

1000

100

10

-23-

200 400 600 8Q0

RATED wattage OF LAMP LOAD, watts.

1000

Figure 20. Lumen output of multiple lamp load for a series transformer.

N.B.S. 6337 (Supplementary)

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'V

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A-

Page 51: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEFrederick H. Mueller, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSA. V. Astiii, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its major laboratories in Washington, D.C., andBoulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work-

in general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated hyits title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside of the front

cover.

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Devices. Electrical Instruments. Mag-netic Measurements. Dielectrics. Engineering Electronics. Electronic Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Photographic Technology. Length. Engineering

Metrology.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Thermodynamics.' Cryogenic Physics. Rheology. Molecular Kinetics. Free

Radicals Research.

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy.' Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State Physics.

Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Neutron Physics. Radiation Theory. Radioactivity\ X-rays. High

Energy Radiation. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry. Inorganic

Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Molecular Structure and Properties of Gases. Physical Chemistry. Therm<»-

chemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. I'lngineering Mechanics. Mass and Scale.

Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Poly-

mer Structure. Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion. Metal

. Physics.

Mineral Products. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. (Jonstilnlinn and Mi-

crostructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigera-

tion. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Concreting Materials.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics.

Data Processing Systems. SEAC Engineering Group. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry.

Digital Systems. Analog Systems. Application Engineering.

• Office of Basic Instrumentation. • Office of Weights and Measures.

BOULDER, COLORADO

Cryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials. Gas Lique-

faction.

Radio Propagation Physics. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular Propagation

Services. Sun-Earth Relationships. VHF Research. Radio Warning Services. Airglow and Aurora. Radio

Astronomy and Arctic Propagation.

Radio Propagation Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Modulation Research. Radio Noise. .

Tropospheric Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Propagation ^Obstaeles Engineering. Radio-Meteor-

ology. Lower Atmosphere Physies.

Radio Standards. High Frequency Electrical Standards. Radio Broadcast Service. High Frequency Im-

pedance .Standards. Electronic Calibration Center. Microwave Physics. Microwave (arcuit Standards.

Radio Communicuiion and Systems, (.ow Frequency and Very l^ow Frequency Research. High Fre-

quency and Very High Frequency Research. Ultra High Fre<|ucncy andSuper High Frequency Research. Mo<lula-

tion Resi^areh. Antenna Bcscarch. Navigation Systems. Systems vVnalysis. Field Operations.

Page 52: Output characteristics of series-series transformers with multiple … · 2016. 12. 12. · NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDSREPORT NBSPROJECT NBSREPORT 0201-20-02414 March1960 6337 Supplementary

\

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