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Overview of the California Air Resources Board. Bart Croes , Chief Research Division [email protected] 1-916-323-4519. We regulate emissions. Authorities Motor Vehicles and Fuels (under federal Clean Air Act exemption) Air Toxics, Consumer Products, Greenhouse Gases - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Overview of the California Air Resources Board
Bart Croes, ChiefResearch Division
We regulate emissionsAuthorities
Motor Vehicles and Fuels(under federal Clean Air Act exemption)
Air Toxics, Consumer Products, Greenhouse Gases(under California law)
Oversight over Local ResponsibilitiesStationary and Area Sources
Transportation Planning Targets
Rulemaking ProcessPublic Hearing of Governing Board
Public Workshops and Stakeholder MeetingsPublic and Legislative Support
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Our national impactFederal Clean Air Act Exemption
for California vehicle emission standardsTo meet “compelling and extraordinary” conditions
Must meet or exceed federal regulationsCan be adopted by other states
(15 including Northeast States, Oregon, Washington)
California FirstsLead-free gasoline
Low-sulfur fuelsThree-way catalytic convertor
Stringent NOX control3
California’s air pollution problem
Unique geography and meteorology confine air pollutants
Over 90% of Californians breathe unhealthy air
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38 M people90 people per km2
24 M gasoline cars1.3 M diesel vehicles1.4 B km per day18 M off-road engines3 large container ports
Traffic on world’s first freeway (1950s)
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Air quality after World War II
• Unhealthy levels of lead, NO2, SO2, CO, ozone, particulate matter, and air toxics
• Poor visibility
• Difficulty breathing
• Extreme eye irritation
• In Los Angeles– Over 100 smog alerts annually
– Over 300 days with unhealthy air annually
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Our policy instrumentsPerformance-based Emission Standards
Aftertreatment effective but turnover slowRetrofits and repowering also beneficial
Fuel improvements provide immediate benefits
Incentive Funding$150M per year for diesel engines$1B for port trucks and equipment
Market-based ProgramsCarbon emission trading for large sources
Enforcement and Monitoring Programs7
Science informs our policiesLegislative Requirements
Automotive Engineer and M.D. on Governing BoardHealth-based ambient air quality standards
Extramural research program with external oversightPeer review of scientific basis for regulations
Workforce70% engineers and scientists
In-house research
Field/Modeling StudiesLos Angeles and San Joaquin Valley Air Basins
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Performance-based regulationsMobile Sources (>99% gasoline, 98% diesel reduction)
Cleaner enginesAftertreatment
Cleaner gasoline and diesel fuelAlternative fuels
Stationary Sources (80-90% reduction)Low-NOX burners
Selective catalytic reductionCleaner fuels
Area Sources (>75% reduction)Vapor recovery
Low-volatility solvents, paints, consumer products
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California emission trends
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Air pollution reduced 75-90% despite growth
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Perc
ent C
hang
e19
68-2
008
CarbonMonoxide
NitrogenDioxide
SulfurDioxide
Population Number of Vehicles
VehicleMiles
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Ozone – Los Angeles peak reduced 70%, hours of exposure by 90%PM10 – annual-average levels reduced 75% Air toxics – lead eliminated, cancer risk reduced 80% (since 1989)Black carbon – reduced 90% (95% by 2020)
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
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10
15
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25
30
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Annual-average PM2.5 (1999-2012)
SoCAB SJVAB federal standard - oldfederal standard - new
[PM
2.5]
max
ann
ual m
ean
in u
g/m
3
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19751977
19791981
19831985
19871989
19911993
19951997
19992001
20032005
20072009
20110
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Maximum 8-hour-average Ozone (1975-2012)
South Coast San Joaquin Valley federal standard
[O3]
max
8-h
r in
ppb
Costs of Control0.5% GDP (US 1990-2020)
Benefits of Control$10-95 in health benefits for each $1 of control (US 1970-1990)$30 in health benefits for each $1 of control (US 1990-2020)*
Air pollution control industry – 32,000 jobs and $6.2B (CA 2001)Clean energy industry – 123,000 jobs and $27B (CA 2009)
14U.S. EPA Reports to Congress on The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act (www.epa.gov/air/sect812/index.html)* 1990-2020 uncertainty analysis under development
Our current targetsAir Quality
By 2020, attain annual PM2.5 of 12 µg/m3
By 2023, attain 8-hour ozone of 80 ppbBy 2025, attain 24-hour PM2.5 of 35 µg/m3
By 2032, attain 8-hour ozone of 75 ppbDiesel and Freight Transport
By 2020, diesel PM risk 85% below 2000 levelsGreenhouse Gases
By 2020, reduce to 1990 levelsBy 2050, 80% below 1990 levels
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Summary• California had the worst air quality in the world• Emissions reduced 75-99% by– Emission standards, primarily transportation sources– Low-sulfur and other cleaner fuels– Diesel retrofits– Transportation planning
• Air quality improved 75-90% despite growth• Control costs outweighed by large public health
benefits, improved crop yields, and job creation
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