P4P : Provider Portal for (P2P) Applications

Laird PopkinPando Networks, Inc

Haiyong XieLaboratory of Networked Systems

Yale University

P2P : Bandwidth Usage

Up to 50-70% of Internet traffic is contributed by P2P applications

Cache logic research: Internet protocol breakdown 1993 – 2006;Velocix: File-types on major P2P networks.

Traffic: Internet Protocol Breakdown 1993 - 2006 File-Types: Major P2P Networks - 2006

A Fundamental Problem Network-oblivious P2P applications may not be network

efficient 50%-90% of existing local pieces in active users are downloaded externally Average P2P bit traverses 1000 miles / 5.5 metro hops in Verizon network

Traditional Internet architectural feedback to applications is limited: routing (hidden) rate control through coarse-grained TCP congestion feedback

Emerging applications such as P2P can have tremendous flexibility in shaping how data is communicated more information and feedback are needed to most effectively utilize

this flexibility, and for improving network efficiency

P4P Mission

Design a framework to enable better providers and applications cooperation ISP perspective: guide applications to achieve more

efficient network usage P2P perspective: better user experiences

P4P: provider portal for (P2P) applications a provider can be

a traditional ISP (e.g., AT&T, Verizon) or a content distribution provider (e.g., Akamai), or a caching provider (e.g., PeerApp)

The P4P Framework: Control Plane iTracker: a portal for each network resource provider

(iPortal) An iTracker provides multiple interfaces

Static topology / policy Provider capability Virtual cost …

iTracker of a provider can be identified in multiple ways e.g., through DNS SRV records; whois iTracker can be run by trusted third parties

iTracker access protected by access control

Virtual Cost Interface: Network’ Internal View PIDs: set of nodes each

called a PID E: set of links

connecting PIDs pe: the “virtual price”

of link e Usage of “virtual price”

vPrice can be used to rank peers, converted to peering weights vPrice reflects both network status and policy, e.g.,

OSPF weights higher prices on links with highest util. or higher than a threshold congestion volume (Briscoe)

PID1 PID2

PID3PID6

PID5 PID4

70

2030

10

6015 10

Virtual Cost Interface: Applications’ View ISP computes the cost from

one PID to another- link cost and routing

PID-pair costs are perturbed to increase privacy

PID1 PID2

PID3PID6

PID5 PID4

70

20

30 10

60

Applications query costs of related PID pairs, adjust traffic patterns to place less load on more “expensive” pairs

Interdomain: Application External View Application obtains cost for top (ASN, PID)

pairs

(AS1, PID1)

(AS2, PID2)

Intradomain cost + interdomain costFrom AS 1’s point view

Intradomain cost + interdomain costFrom AS 2’s point view

ISP A

Example: P4P Protocol for BT

1 4

3

2pTracker iTracker

peer

Information flow:1. peer queries pTracker

2/3. pTracker asks iTracker for virtual cost (occasionally)

4. pTracker selects and returns a set of active peers, according to both the virtual prices and its own P2P objective

Complete Set: Feb 21 to April 2008

FTTH 209% faster

Current P4P-WG: 70+ Members

CoreGroup

AT&T Bezeq Intl BitTorrent

Cisco Systems Comcast

Grid Networks Joost

LimeWire

Manatt Oversi

Pando Networks PeerApp

Solid State Telefonica Group

Velocix VeriSign

Telecom ItaliaVerizon Vuze

University of Toronto Univ of

Washington Yale University

Observers

AbacastAHT Intl

AjauntySlantAkamai

Alcatel LucentCableLabsCablevisionCox Comm

Exa Networks

Juniper NetworksLariat Network

Level 3 Communications

Limelight NetworksMicrosoft

MPAANBC Universal

NokiaOrange

Princeton University

RawFlowRSUC/GweepNet

SaskTelSolana Networks

Speakeasy NetworkStanford University

ThomsonTime Warner CableTurner Broadcasting

UCLA

ISPs, P2Ps, Researchers. Scope includes business processes, protocols, education, etc.

Discussions I: Possible modifications to/uses of IETF protocols

Trackerless p2p use a mechanism to locate iTrackers (e.g. DNS)

Tracker-based p2p A mechanism for clients to find their (ASN, PID) (i.e. easier

than IP mapping) A lookup mechanism for finding the iTracker for a given ASN.

Enable P2P to "play nice" with ISPs A mechanism for determining the ISPs usage policies, and the

user's usage against quota. Imagine using a cell phone without being able to tell how many minutes you've used.

A standard mechanism for marking "bulk data" (i.e. not time sensitive).

Discussions II: P4P Data Plane

Routers mark packets to provide faster, fine-grained feedbacks, e.g., virtual capacity to optimize multihoming cost and performance

- applications adjust traffic rates according to feedbacks

ISP BISP A

a

b

Applications mark importance of traffic