Tom Warkentin

Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan

Pea breeding update Tom WarkentinJanuary 16, 2020

Pea Breeding ObjectivesField: yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance

Market quality: visual, nutritional, functional

Root rotsLeaf spots

ProteinIron

Pea Protein ‘Omics Determination (P-POD)

Supported by:Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

Objectives:Increase pea protein concentration and quality

Co-PITom Warkentin and Bunyamin Tar’an, University of SaskatchewanCo-investigatorsMichael Nickerson, University of SaskatchewanRichard Gray, University of SaskatchewanJudith Burstin, INRA, Dijon, FranceJames House, University of ManitobaClarice Coyne, USDA, Pullman, WARosalind Bueckert, University of SaskatchewanKishore Gali, University of SaskatchewanRaju Datla, National Research Council CanadaJill Hobbs, University of SaskatchewanDengjin Bing, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaClaire Domoney, John Innes Centre, UKKarine Gallardo, INRA, Dijon, FrancePeter Slade, University of SaskatchewanTristan Skolrud, University of SaskatchewanAmbuj Jha, University of SaskatchewanGene Arganosa, University of Saskatchewan

Improving protein quality in pea

Pea and other pulse crops are generally deficient in sulfur amino acidsbut rich in lysine

Approaches: Evaluate diverse germplasm for amino acids

and their digestibility (PDCAAS) Attempt to increase sulfur amino acids Attempt to increase tryptophan Attempt to increase leucine

Jan 2019 supported pea projects ...

Pea biofortification – female athletes Glycemic index in pea GWAS N-fix and high yield in pea breeding Gene editing in pea (led by Bhomik)

Jan 2020 supported pea projects …

Potential new sources of resistance to Aphanomyces (led by Banniza)

Pea breeding vision (2020-2025)

Yield: stay competitive with canola and wheatProtein: fractionation markets expanding Seed coat durability: better than CDC AmarilloBiofortification: an expanding food trendRoot rots: molecular and classical breeding approaches

Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corp., 2019; Varieties of Grain Crops, 2020; CDC pulse breeding

- 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000

Insured acres in SK in 2019 - Yellow pea

TOP YIELDING YELLOWS WITH PEDIGREED SEED AVAILABLE AND/OR SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCTION

Yield (% CDC Amarillo) Lodging Prot. vs. Ped.

Variety Years South North Mean Mat (1-9) Breakage Amarillo seed

CDC Lewochko } 6 103 103 103 M 3.5 G 0.7 F

AAC Chrome 5 105 101 103 M 4.5 G -1.2 R

CDC Inca } 8 105 99 102 M 4.0 G -0.8 C

CDC Spectrum } 8 103 101 102 M 3.5 G 0.5 C

AAC Carver 6 102 100 101 E 4.0 G -1.3 C

AAC Ardill 9 102 99 101 M 3.5 G -1.9 C

CDC Amarillo 11 100 100 100 M 3.5 F 23.0 C

CDC Canary } 7 98 98 98 E 3.5 G -0.1 R

AAC Lacombe 7 96 100 98 M 3.5 F -0.9 C

CDC Athabasca } 7 93 97 95 M 3.0 F 0.5 C

CDC Saffron 11 98 91 95 E 4.0 G -0.4 na

Abarth } 7 93 90 92 E 3.5 F -0.1 na

CDC Meadow 11 93 89 91 E 4.0 G -0.6 C

CDC Golden 10 92 83 88 E 4.5 G 0.7 na

Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corp., 2019; Varieties of Grain Crops, 2020; CDC pulse breeding

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

RAEZER CDC LIMERICK CDC STRIKER CDC GREENWATER SPRUCE CDC

Insured acres in SK in 2019 - Green pea

TOP YIELDING GREENS WITH PEDIGREED SEED AVAILABLE AND/OR SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCTION

Yield (% CDC Amarillo) Lodging Prot. vs. Ped.

Variety Years South North Mean Mat (1-9) Breakage Bleach Amarillo seed

CDC Forest } 7 101 101 101 M 4.0 G G -0.2 R

CDC Spruce } 8 95 99 97 M 4.0 F G 0.1 C

CDC Greenwater 10 100 93 97 M 3.5 F G -1.1 C

CDC Limerick 11 96 90 93 M 3.5 G G 2.8 C

CDC Raezer 11 82 80 81 E 3.5 G G -0.3 C

CDC Striker 11 82 80 81 M 3.5 VG G 2.0 na

Top 10 insured field pea varieties in 2013 in Alberta

Source: AFSC 2018 based on insured acres of 1,247,746

Canadian Grain Commission

PEAS Varieties - 2019 Insured Commercial Acres

Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Total

Acres % Acres % Acres % Acres %

CDC MEADOW 644,744 49 427,656 24 14,808 14 1,087,208 34

NOT SPECIFIED 23,127 2 351,741 20 1,592 2 376,460 12

CDC AMARILLO 79,492 6 224,748 13 22,161 21 326,401 10

CDC SAFFRON 139,588 11 61,545 3 2,890 3 204,023 6

AAC CARVER 81,862 6 68,459 4 20,176 19 170,497 5

CDC INCA 55,800 4 80,866 5 2,369 2 139,035 4

AAC LACOMBE 89,114 7 5,769 7,331 7 102,214 3

CDC RAEZER 28,237 2 64,457 4 2,379 2 95,073 3

CDC LIMERICK 32,763 2 55,997 3 488 89,248 3

AAC ARDILL 11,034 1 66,641 4 766 1 78,441 2

CDC STRIKER 22,309 2 47,741 3 970 1 71,020 2

CDC GOLDEN 5,646 60,288 3 124 66,058 2

ABARTH 8,434 1 34,868 2 13,943 13 57,245 2

CDC SPECTRUM 5,354 44,595 3 3,112 3 53,061 2

Saskatchewan - source: Sask Crop Insurance

Alberta - source: Alberta Ag Financial Services Corp.

Manitoba - source: Manitoba Agricultural Services Corporation

CDC %: 81 86 50 82

13 11 11 4 4 10 10

Variety yield lodg mat ht sdwt prot breakage note

CDC Amarillo 100 3.2 2.1 81 236 23.8 9

CDC Meadow 95 3.9 1.2 71 220 23.9 2

CDC Saffron 94 3.6 1.2 68 249 23.8 4

CDC Inca 103 3.1 1.8 75 229 23.8 3

AAC Ardill 97 4.1 1.7 75 249 22.9 4

CDC Spectrum 97 3.1 2.2 77 252 24.6 3

AAC Lacombe 98 3.3 2.0 77 269 23.5 6

CDC Canary 99 3.4 1.4 78 240 23.7 3

CDC Lewochko 96 2.9 2.7 84 233 24.7 2

AAC Carver 99 3.9 1.5 76 253 22.7 6

AAC Chrome 102 3.4 1.8 74 254 23.0 4

AAC Delhi 100 4.1 1.4 71 298 24.3 12

AAC Aberdeen 105 3.4 2.2 85 261 22.6 9

CDC 5141-7 104 3.5 2.0 80 232 24.4 2

CDC 4947-2 109 3.1 2.4 87 247 23.9 3

CDC 5286-2 96 3.4 1.8 77 232 24.5 8 low phytate

CDC 4900-13 107 2.9 2.0 82 238 24.6 2

Potential 2021 releases – yellow pea

Data from 2019 pea regional variety trial in SK

13 11 11 4 4 4 10

Varietyyield lodg mat ht bleach sdwt breakage

CDC Limerick 95 3.5 2.2 77 2.5 217 1

CDC Striker 85 3.7 1.5 69 2.7 240 1

CDC Raezer 86 3.6 1.5 72 2.2 226 2

CDC Greenwater 99 3.6 2.2 79 2.8 244 8

CDC Spruce 98 3.6 2.0 83 2.2 257 5

CDC Forest 100 3.5 2.0 77 3.0 240 4

AAC Comfort 95 3.9 2.1 79 2.7 259 5

CDC 4639-8 104 3.0 2.3 78 2.5 237 6

Blueman 93 4.1 2.3 80 3.0 226 2

CDC 4506-4 99 2.9 2.1 79 2.6 234 4

Potential 2022 release – green pea

Data from 2019 pea regional variety trial in SK

To PGDC meeting Feb 20202018-2019 Field Pea Cooperative Registration Test "A"

[23] [23] [22] [23] [19] [19]

Lodg Bleaching Breakage

Name Type Yield DTM (1-9) Sdwt (1-5) (%)

CDC Limerick G 97 99 3.1 208 2.5 1

CDC Greenwater G 103 99 3.0 236 2.6 5

CDC 5151-46 G 112 98 2.9 243 2.7 3

CDC 5360-4 G 111 101 2.9 223 2.6 4

2018-2019 Field Pea Cooperative Registration Test "B"

[26] [25] [26] [25] [19] [19] [18]

Lodg Shape Breakage Protein

Name Type Yield DTM (1-9) Sdwt (1-5) (%) (%)

CDC Amarillo Y 100 100 3.0 226 2.5 12 24.4

AAC Lacombe Y 100 95 3.2 255 2.5 7 23.4

CDC 5296-2 Y 107 98 3.2 225 2.2 6 24.2

2019 Pea Co-op "A" test

[10] [12] [11] [11] [10] [11] [9]

Years Lodg Bleaching Breakage Protein

Name Type in trial Yield DTM (1-9) Sdwt (1-5) (%) (%)

CDC Amarillo Y check 103 105 3.3 218 13 24.1

AAC Lacombe Y check 97 104 3.5 244 5 20.8

CDC Limerick G check 94 104 3.4 200 2.5 2 26.4

CDC Greenwater G check 100 106 3.7 228 2.6 6 23.8

CDC 5523-7 G 1 106 106 3.8 238 2.7 4 23.8

CDC 5558-2 Y 1 107 105 3.3 201 4 24.0

CDC 5517-7 Y 1 110 105 3.0 222 4 25.1

CDC 5544-9 Y 1 109 107 3.2 210 2 24.6

CDC 5633-2 Y 1 108 106 3.6 212 2 24.7

Pulse crop breeding staff - 2019

Breeder Seed Production

Acknowledgements Bunyamin Tar’anKirstin BettBert VandenbergSabine Banniza

Pulse crop breeding labPulse crop molecular labGrains innovation labPulse crop pathology labPulse crop tissue culture labPulse crop graduate students, post-docsBreeder seed crewPlant Sciences admin staff

National/international collaborators

All the best for 2020!

AirScapes International

FAOSTAT

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

Canada

Russia

China

Other

Ukraine

India

USA

France

Lithuania

Australia

Ethiopia

Germany

Romania

Spain

UK

Tanzania

million tonnes

World dry pea production in 2017 (Total: 16.2 million tonnes)

FAOSTAT

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

China

India

Other

USA

France

Egypt

UK

Pakistan

Algeria

Peru

million tonnes

World vegetable pea production 2017Total: 20.7 million tonnes

photo: David Stobbe

photo: David Stobbe