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Jeff Gonzales MD, MAUniversity of Colorado HospitalCRASH 2016
Discuss value and use of PECS I and II
Overview of involved anatomy
Briefly describe cytokine issues with general anesthesia
Risks and benefits of adding a PEC block with ultrasound guidance
First described in 2012 at the ESRA Spain Congress by Blanco et al.
Also know as PECS I, PECS II (Serratus‐intercostal plane block (SIP))
PECS I: median and lateral pectoral nerves
PECS II: Long thoracic, Intercostal nn. (T2‐T6) and thoracodorsal nerve
CephaladCaudad Pec. Major m.
Gonzales, Jeffery, MD, MA Pectoral Blocks
Lateral Pectoral N.(C5‐C7) off lateral cord, innervates pec major
Medial Pectoral N. (C8‐T1) off medial cord, innervates pec minor and major
Long Thoracic N. (C5‐C7) off proximal brachial plexus, innervates Serratus Anter
L. pectoralis n.
M. pectoralis n.
M. pectoralis n.
medial and lateral pectoral nerves (mid‐clavicle)
Medial Pectoral nerve (C8, T1): immediately from Medial Cord (late anterior division).
Innervates Pec minor and Pec major(lower 1/3)
Lateral Pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7): immediately from Lateral Cord
Innervates Pec Major
pec minor
pec major Medial Pectoral Nerve
Pec MajorClavicular
Pec Major
Lat. Pectoral N.
L.PEC n.
M.PEC n.
Gonzales, Jeffery, MD, MA Pectoral Blocks
Infiltration technique under ultrasound guidance
Head turned opposite side. Shoulder abducted and elbow flexed Similar probe position as Infraclavicular Linear probe Technique for muscle related pain
pec minor
Pec Majorcephlad SA
cephlad
cephlad
pectoralis maj.
pectoralis minor.
Ax. a.
cephlad
anterior
PECs I SCAN
injection
Gonzales, Jeffery, MD, MA Pectoral Blocks
Target: fascial plane between Pec major and pec Minor. (L. and M. pectoral nn. branches)
Vascular concern is branches from thoracoacromial artery and vein.
Analgesic technique.
Lower Concentration and Higher volume
(0.25% LA, 20cc Volume)
Additive technique for PECS I and breast surgery
Long thoracic, Intercostal nn. (T2‐T6) and thoracodorsal nerve
analgesic benefit for WLE, mastecomies, and axillary dissection
subscapularis
Thoracodorsal n.
Lat. dorsi
S.A.
Pec minor
S.A.
Infiltration technique under ultrasound guidance
Head turned opposite side.
Shoulder abducted and elbow flexed
Similar probe position as Infraclavicular along breast toward latissimus dorsi m.
Linear probe
Technique for muscle and dermatomal analgesia
1
2.
Gonzales, Jeffery, MD, MA Pectoral Blocks
Intercostal m.
SA
Pleura
injection
rib4
rib3
anterior‐lateral
cephald
PECs II SCAN
4th Rib
pec maj
pec min
Serr Ant
5th rib
4th rib
PEC’s3
Target: fascial plane between Pec minor and serratus ant. m. or superficial to serratus anterior m. (T3‐T6)
Long Thoracic nerve is immediately superior‐posterior along Latissimus dorsi and serratus
Analgesic technique.
Lower Concentration and Higher volume
(0.25% LA, 20cc Volume)
Inject PECs II, then PECs I to preserve anatomy/view
Excellent alternative to paravertebral for breast surgery
Similar to TAP block, PECs are High Volume blocks!
Gonzales, Jeffery, MD, MA Pectoral Blocks