PEKA FORM 2(2011)

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

1/56

PEKA FORM 3

Nama: Angka Giliran: ..

Tingkatan: 3 .................. Perkara: PEKA SAINS

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

2/56

Title

Aim

Hypothesis

The scientificknowledge

Variables

Stages in the germination of seeds.

To study the conditions needed for seeds

germination.

A seeds will germinate only if there is

water, air and suitable temperature.

A seed germinate when it starts to grow

radicle first and then the plumule.

a. Constant variable : Type of seed

b. Manipulated variable: conditions for

seed germination

c. Responding variable: Seed germination.

C12 a

C12 b

C12 c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

3/56

Equipment Iwill need touse.

Brief outlinehow l will carry

out theexperiment.

Materials Green peas, oil, cotton, cooled

boiled water, labeling paper.

Apparatus - Test tubes, refrigerator, test

tube rack, thread, ruler

Diagram.

C12 e

C12 d

C12 g

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

4/56

Procedure1. Four test tube are prepared,

labeled A, B, C and D were

prepared, with their contents asshown in the diagram.

2. Test tube A, B and C placed in the

laboratory and test tube D isplaced in the refrigerator.

3. The seeds are observed or

measured after two days.

C12 f

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

5/56

Result orObservation Time in days 0 1 2 3

Total length of radiclein test tube A in cm

0 0.4 0.8 1.2

Total length of radicle

in test tube B in cm

0 0 0 0

Total length of radiclein test tube C in cm

0 0 0 0

Total length of radiclein test tube D in cm 0 0 0 0

C14 i

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

6/56

Length

of

radicle

in test

tube /cm

Time/ days

C14 ii, iii

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

1 2 3 4

x

x

x

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

7/56

Observation

Testtube

Presence ofGermination of

seedWater Air Warmth

A / / / Germinate

B X / / Does notgerminate

C / X /Does notgerminate

D / / X Does notgerminate

C16 b

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

8/56

Stages in seed germination [test tube A]

C14 iii

Radicle grows

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

9/56

What myresults mean

Conclusion

Radicle will grow in length/ seed will

germinate when there are water, air and

suitable temperature

If water is absent, the seed will not

germinate (because all three conditions are

required for seed to germinate.)

How well do my results support my original

hypothesis?

The hypothesis is accepted

A seed will germinate only if water, air and

suitable temperature are present.

C15 a

C15 b

C16 a

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

10/56

CONSTRUCT SCORE

C12 Planning scientific investigation a, b, c, d, e, f, g (3)

C13 Conducting investigation 2 or 3

C14 Collecting and recording i, ii, iii (3)

C15 Analysing and interpreting data a, b (2)

C16 Making conclusion a, b (2)

C17 Noble values 2 or 3

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

11/56

GOOD LUCK

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

12/56

PEKA FORM 1Nama: Angka Giliran: ..


8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

13/56

Title

Aim

Material

Apparatus

Procedure

Understanding the Concept of Density

To study the density of solids and liquids.

water, cork, sand, petrol

100 ml measuring cylinder, beaker

1. I put water, petrol, sand followed by

the cork into the measuring cylinder.

2. I drew what I observed about the

substances in a diagram.

C6d, e

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

14/56

Observation

i) Cork, sand, water and petrol arematter.

ii) Based on the substances used,

examples of:

Glass

Ice cube

Cork

Petrol

Water

Glass

Ice cube

Cork

Petrol

Water

Sand

C1a,b,c,d)

C6a,b,c,d,e

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

15/56

a) a) solid: cork, sand

b) liquid: petrol, water

C6a

iii) a) cork / petrol floats on water;

b) sand sinks in water /

a) cork float on petrol ;

b) water/ sand sink in petrol

C2aC4a

C6b

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

16/56

Discussion andanalysis.

iv) The density of these substances affect

their buoyancies.

C4b

v) The cork sinks when a nail added to it

because it denser than water.

C4a

(a)i) Cork floats on water because it is less

dense than water.

ii) Sand sinks in water because it is more

dense than water.

ii) Cork float on petrol because it is less

dense / Water sinks in petrol because it

is more dense than petrol.

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

17/56

Sequence of densities of substances in

ascending order:

Cork petrol water sand.

C1f

C8b

(b)

i) The buoyancy of a substance dependson its density C4b

ii) A less dense solid/substance floats in a

more dense liquid.

iii) A denser/ more dense substance sinks

in a less dense liquid.

C 8 a b c d

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

18/56

C5a,b,c,d

Substance Density [gcm-3]

Cork 0.25

Petrol 0.75

Ice 0.92

Water 1.0

Sand 2.6

Mercury 13.6

1. Using the results and table, predict theposition of ice and mercury if all thesubstances were put together in a gas jar.C4c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

19/56

ii) Draw a suitable diagram and label the

substances.

Glass

Ice cube

Cork

Petrol

Water

Glass

Ice cube

Cork

Petrol

Water

Sand

C5 a, b, c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

20/56

Float on water Do not float on watercork sand

petrol mercury

ice

ii) Another criteria we can use to group thesubstances is buoyancy of substancein petrol.

C2c

i) Based on the results and table ofdensities, the substances are

classified into two groups based onthe common property:-

C2d

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

21/56

Conclusion Different substances have different

densities.

C8d

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

22/56

GOOD LUCK

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

23/56

PEKA FORM 2



8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

24/56

Title

Aim

Hypothesis

Variables

Apparatus/Materials

Application of frictional force.

To study the effect of types of surfaces on

the magnitude of frictional force.

The rougher the surface, the greater the

magnitude of frictional force on the wooden

block.a. Manipulated : Type of surface

b. Responding : Magnitude of frictional

c. Fixed : Size of wooden block

Spring balanced, thread, wooden block,table, oil/grease, aluminium foil,

sandpaper, graph paper.

C11a C11b

C10a

C10b

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

25/56

1. The apparatus setup is as shown inthe figure. C6e

2. A wooden block is hooked to a springbalance with a thread. C3d

3. The wooden block is then placed onthe surface of the table.

4. The wooden block is pulled along thetable and the reading of the springbalance is taken when the block startsto move.

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

26/56

Observationand result

5. The experiment is repeated by pullingthe wooden block on three otherdifferent types of surfaces. C10c

6. All the readings were recorded in atable.

a) Table of result.

C4 a

C6 a,

b, c, d

C6 eType of Surface Condition ofSurface

Reading of

SpringBalance/(N) C3f

Surface of woodentable

Rough 5.8 N

Aluminium foil onsurface table Smooth 4.5 N

Oil on surface oftable

Very smooth 3.6 N

Sandpaper onsurface of table

Very rough 6.5 N

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

27/56

b) Graph of magnitude of frictional forceby types of surface.

MAGNITUDE OF FRICTIONAL FORCE BY TYPE OF SURFACE

5.8

4.5

6.5

3.6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

wooden table aluminium foil sandpaper oi l/grease

Magnitudeof frictionalforce

Types of surface

C6bC8b

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

28/56

Discussion andanalysis

7.1 Reading of spring balance is the magnitudeof frictional force.

7.2 The reading of spring balance just before/when object starts to move represents themaximum magnitude of friction that acts on object.

7.3 Yes, the different types of surfaces affect themagnitude of frictional force.

a) i) The surface of sandpaper gives the greatestmagnitude of friction.

ii) The oily surface gives the lowest magnitudeof friction C4 a

b) i) The rough surface increases the frictionalforce on the wooden block.

ii) The smooth surface decreases the frictionalforce on the wooden block

C8 c, d

C1-3

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

29/56

a) Frictional force is the reading of spring balancewhen the wooden block is pulled on thesurface.

C9 a

b) Frictional force varies with / depends on thetypes of surfaces.

C8 c

a) The types of surface influences the magnitudeof frictional force

C4 b

b) We can reduce friction by putting

oil/grease/aluminium foil on the surface of table.

c) We can put roller under the cardboard (anysuitable answer)

C4 c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

30/56

Conclusion Different types of surfaces can change themagnitude of frictional force.

C4c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

31/56

GOOD LUCK

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

32/56

PEKA FORM 2



8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

33/56

Learningobjective

Aim

Variables

SOLUTION AND SOLUBILITY

To study the effect of different volumes of

water on the rate of dissolving salt.

a) Manipulated : Volume of waterb) Responding : Time taken to

dissolve the salt

c) Fixed/constant : Mass of salt/

temperature ofwater/rate of

stirring/type of salt

C10a, b

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

34/56

Apparatus/materials

Procedure

Beam balance, stopwatch, 3 beakers

(250ml), fine salt, glass rod, measuring

cylinder.

1. Beaker A is filled with 50ml of water,

beaker B is filled with 100ml of water and

beaker C is filled with 200 ml of water.

2. Water is at room temperature.3. 10g of salt is weighed with a beam

balance and added to each beaker

4. The solution in each beaker is stirred at

the same rate until all the salt dissolved

completely.

5. Time taken for salt to dissolve is

recorded for each beaker. C10c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

35/56

C3d

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

36/56

Observation Table of results:

C3 a,b,c,e,f1. The salt grains cannot be seen

anymore when all the salt iscompletely dissolved.

C1d, e2. (i) 200ml of water in Beaker Cdissolves salt first(ii) 50 ml of water in Beaker Adissolves salt last. C1f

C1 a,b,c,d

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

37/56

C5a,bC7a,b,c

C6a,b,c,d,e

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

38/56

Discussion andanalysis

(i) 200ml of water in Beaker C dissolvessalt the fastest because it has thelargest volume of water.

(ii) 50ml of water in Beaker A dissolvessalt the slowest because it has thelowest volume of water.Salt dissolves in water to form salt

solution. In word equation :- C8d,c

SALT + WATER SALT SOLUTION

Solute Solvent

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

39/56

The larger the volume of water, the lesstime taken do dissolve salt / As the volumeof water increases, the time taken to

dissolve salt decreases. C11a,b

(i) Rate of dissolving salt is time taken todissolve all (10 g ) salt completely inwater

(ii) Varies with / depends on volume ofwater. C9a,b(iii) Reading of stop watch If more than 200ml of water is used, the time taken todissolve salt will be less than 45 seconds.

Based on the graph, the time taken todissolve salt in 150 ml of water is 50

seconds. C5c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

40/56

Conclusion Time taken do dissolve salt depends onthe volume of water / Time taken todissolve salt is affected by the volume of

water.C8c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

41/56

GOOD LUCK

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

42/56

PEKA FORM 1



8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

43/56

Aim

Variables

Hypothesis

The size of the container affects the length

of time a candle burn.

To investigate the size of the container

affect time of a candle burn.

a. Kept constant: The size of candleb. Manipulated : The size of container

c. Responding : The length of taken for

a candle burn.

The bigger size of the beaker, the longer

the time taken for a candle to burn.

C10a, b

C11a, b

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

44/56

Diagram

Procedure 1. Candles P, Q and R were fixed on the tableusing plasticine.

2. The three candles were lighted.3. Each beaker inverted over a burning

candle of the same type and size at thesame time. C10c

4. The length of time of each candle burnswere observed and recorded. C6a,b,c,d,e

C1a, b, c, d, e, f

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

45/56

Observation

Analysis

Beaker A Beaker B Beaker C

Candle burns fora longer period.

Candle burn fora long period.

Candle burns fora short while.

C6a, b, c, d, e

C1a, e

a) The candle burns for the;(i) longest time in beaker A C4a

(ii) shortest time in beaker C C8ab) The largest beaker has the most amount of air. C8dc) Air contain oxygen. Oxygen is needed for

combustion.C4b

d) Sequence of length of time candle burns indescending order:

Candle P candle Q candle RC8b

e) Time taken for candle to burn is affected by the sizeof beaker.

C8c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

46/56

Conclusion The bigger the size of the container the

longer the time taken for a candle to burn /

A large container allows a candle to burn in

it than a small container.

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

47/56

GOOD LUCK

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

48/56

PEKA FORM 2



Obj ti A l i A id d Alk li

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

49/56

Objective

Aim

Variables

Hypothesis

Analyzing Acid and Alkali

To determine the acidic and alkaline

substances in daily life.

Manipulated : Type of substances.Responding : The color changes of

litmus paper.Fixed/Constant : Volume of solutions.

The substances is acidic when the blue

litmus paper turn to red, the substances is

alkaline when the red litmus paper turn to

blue.

C10 b

C10a

A t / T t t b d lit bl lit

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

50/56

Apparatus/materials

Procedure

-Test tube, red litmus paper, blue litmuspaper.- Soap solution, lime juice, distilled water,

lime water, vinegar, baking powder andpineapple juice.

1.Seven beakers are prepared.2. A beaker is filled with 10 ml of soapsolution.3. Procedure 2 is repeated by using othersubstances.4. Each beaker is labeled as follow :

C10c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

51/56

5. A red litmus paper is put into beaker Afollowed by a blue litmus paper.

6. Procedure 5 is repeated with beaker B,

C, D, E, F and G.

7. The changes of the litmus paper areobserved and recorded.

C10c

Beaker Solutions

A Soap solution.

B Lime water

C Baking powder

D Vinegar

E Pineapple juice

F Lime juice

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

52/56

Observation Table of result.

C1a,b,c,de,f

Blue litmuspaper

Red litmuspaper

Beaker

10ml typeof solution

Beaker SolutionsThe Color change

of litmus paper

Condition of

substances

A Soap. Red to Blue Alkaline

B Lime water Red to Blue Alkaline

C Baking powder Red to Blue Alkaline

D Vinegar Blue to red Acidic

E Pineapple juice Blue to red Acidic

F Lime juice Blue to red Acidic

b) From your observation list down

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

53/56

b) From your observation, list downAcidic substances;Vinegar, lime juice and pineapple juiceAlkaline substances;

Baking powder, lime water and soap.

c) What are the color changes of litmus paper forAcidic substances;C8-b: have a pattern

Blue to red. Alkaline substances;Red to blue.

d) State the relationship between the types ofsolution and the changes of litmus paper.From the observation, when the blue litmus paperturn to red, the substances is acidic. While if thered litmus paper turn to blue, the substances isalkaline.

C10c

8 Discussion 8 1 Give the operational definition for :

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

54/56

8. Discussionand analysis.

8.1. Give the operational definition for :i. Acidic is when blue litmus paper turns tored if it is put into acidic solution.

ii. Alkaline is when red litmus paper turns toblue if put into the alkaline solution.

1. Are the properties of an alkaline shownby the dry baking powder?

No.2. What can be done to change the redlitmus paper to blue?

C10c

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

55/56

8/3/2019 PEKA FORM 2(2011)

56/56

C10c

Documents

PEKA FORM 2(2011)